本文關鍵詞：高頻地波雷達射頻干擾抑制與目標跟蹤研究　出處：《武漢大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 高頻地波雷達 射頻干擾抑制 目標檢測 目標跟蹤 航跡關聯(lián) 方位角估計

【摘要】：高頻地波雷達作為海洋動力學參數(shù)探測與海面艦船、低空飛行目標探測的有效手段,目前已得到廣泛應用。海態(tài)監(jiān)測方面技術成熟,提取的參數(shù)與浮標結果相吻合,已受到海洋界學者的認可,但目標探測方面相對就要滯后很多,進展緩慢。高頻地波雷達探測目標的優(yōu)勢在于可以超視距實時監(jiān)測國家專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)的目標活動狀況,與天波雷達配合可實現(xiàn)國家領空和領海的全方位監(jiān)測,同時存在的問題也比較明顯,例如高頻段大量的無線電臺形成的射頻干擾嚴重影響降低雷達工作性能,展寬的一階海雜波容易遮蔽艦船目標,目標漏警現(xiàn)象嚴重等,如果采用小型緊湊的接收天線還有天線方向圖畸變而導致方位角估計不準問題。針對上述問題本文對高頻地波雷達的目標檢測與跟蹤算法展開了研究,研究內容涵蓋了射頻干擾抑制、檢測算法、參數(shù)估計、跟蹤算法以及航跡關聯(lián),并給出了算法應用于實測數(shù)據(jù)的結果。實測數(shù)據(jù)來源于武漢大學雷達與信號處理實驗室在福建漳州進行的一次多站組網(wǎng)的外場試驗,探測海域是臺灣海峽,接收天線采用兩根單極子/交叉環(huán)天線,每個雷達站都配備了一套船舶自動識別系統(tǒng)用于對比驗證。具體來說,本文的研究工作體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:1)提出了一種基于空間分解的空域射頻干擾抑制算法。建模分析了射頻干擾在雷達信號處理流程中的變化過程并對常見的射頻干擾進行了簡單分類,在此基礎上提出在第一次傅里葉變換后利用干擾的方位角信息進行空間分解抑制射頻干擾,算法要求一個掃頻周期內的干擾信源數(shù)要小于天線陣元數(shù),大量的回波數(shù)據(jù)表明1到2個干擾源比較多見,所以3元天線陣有利于抑制射頻干擾。2)設計了適用于高頻地波雷達目標檢測的恒虛警檢測器,分析了目標漏檢的原因。高頻地波雷達估計的目標距離和徑向速度比較準確,天線方向圖畸變導致部分方位角估計結果出錯,畸變位置附近目標的方位角被估計到方向圖的畸變處。3)在跟蹤算法中設計了兩種狀態(tài)方程,狀態(tài)變量為距離、徑向速度和徑向加速度,每個量測的方位角信息僅用作數(shù)據(jù)關聯(lián)的參考依據(jù),這樣既能將目標在空間上分開減少誤關聯(lián),又避免了方位角誤差對跟蹤濾波結果的影響。4)提出一種利用雙站數(shù)據(jù)進行航跡關聯(lián)來改進方位角的估計準確度的方法。兩雷達站同時探測到同一目標時僅根據(jù)距離就能計算方位角,提出用假設法判斷航跡是否關聯(lián),先假設兩航跡來自同一艦船,計算航速和航向,判斷下次量測是否滿足運動方程,經(jīng)過多次判決得出航跡關聯(lián)與否的結論,成功關聯(lián)的航跡根據(jù)距離計算方位角。
[Abstract]:High frequency ground wave radar as parameter detection and ocean dynamics of ship, effective low altitude target detection, has been widely used. Sea state monitoring technology is mature, and the extraction parameters of the buoy is consistent, has been recognized by scholars in the field of ocean, but the target detection is relatively lags behind a lot, the slow progress of high frequency. Ground wave radar target detection has the advantage of real-time monitoring of the state of the exclusive economic zone over the horizon target activity, with skywave radar can realize all-round monitoring of the national airspace and territorial waters, and the problems are obvious, such as a large number of radio frequency RF formation interference reduced radar performance, broadening first order sea clutter to shield ship target, target false alarm phenomenon seriously, if a compact antenna and receiving antenna Pattern distortion caused no problems in azimuth estimation. This paper aims to HF radar detection and tracking algorithm is studied. The research covers radio frequency interference suppression, detection algorithm, parameter estimation, tracking algorithm, track correlation, and the algorithm is applied to the results of the measured data is given. The field test station network a data source in Fujian Zhangzhou from Wuhan University and radar signal processing laboratory, detection of waters of Taiwan Strait, the receiving antenna using two monopole / cross loop antenna, each radar station is equipped with an automatic identification system for comparison and verification. Specifically, the research work of this paper is reflected in the following: 1) a spatial RF interference suppression algorithm based on space decomposition. Modeling and analysis of radio frequency interference in radar signal processing flow in The change process and a simple classification of common radio frequency interference, on the basis of the first interference by using the Fourier transform of the azimuth information of radio interference suppression space decomposition, algorithm requires a sweeping interference source number within the frequency period less than the number of array elements, the echo data indicate that a large number of 1 to 2 the interference source is more, so the 3 element antenna array for radio interference suppression.2) CFAR detector for target detection in HF radar design, analyzes the reasons of target undetected. HF radar estimated target distance and radial velocity accurately, the antenna pattern distortion result error estimation part range angle distortion at.3 near the target azimuth position distortion is estimated to pattern) in the algorithm design of two kinds of equations of state variable distance, radial velocity and diameter To the acceleration of each measuring azimuth information is only used as a reference for the related data, so as to reduce the error associated with separate target in space, but also avoid the influence of azimuth error tracking results.4) method is proposed to track correlation using a dual station data to improve the estimation accuracy of the azimuth two. The radar station at the same time to detect the same target only according to the distance can be calculated by assuming the azimuth angle, proposed method to judge the track whether the association, assuming two tracks from the same ship, the calculation speed and heading, determine the next measurement is not satisfy the equation of motion, then after several correlation and not the conclusion according to the correlation distance calculation successful track azimuth.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN953

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