發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 16:23

  本文選題：暫行辦法 + 新業(yè)態(tài)�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：順應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)發(fā)展的潮流,共享經(jīng)濟(jì)中的佼佼者一網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車展現(xiàn)出極強(qiáng)的市場(chǎng)適應(yīng)性,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的出租汽車造成了極大沖擊,世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)于以Uber為代表的網(wǎng)約車的態(tài)度表現(xiàn)不同,我國(guó)網(wǎng)約車的本土化產(chǎn)品-滴滴打車在國(guó)內(nèi)同樣也面臨著官方不同的對(duì)待,有關(guān)監(jiān)管部門的態(tài)度總體經(jīng)歷了否定-中立-有保留地合法化的變化歷程。2016年7月27日,7部委聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》出臺(tái),正式地宣告網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車成為我國(guó)出租車行業(yè)的一員,但是該《暫行辦法》也在無(wú)形之中給網(wǎng)約車這一互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新業(yè)態(tài)套上了許多隱形枷鎖。為此,本文將該《暫行辦法》呈現(xiàn)出的種種法律問(wèn)題作為研究主題。具體研究路徑為:第一部分介紹《暫行辦法》出臺(tái)的背景。在共享經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的背景下,傳統(tǒng)出租汽車行業(yè)受到了極大的沖擊,因此歐美亞各國(guó)對(duì)其態(tài)度不一,有的持支持態(tài)度,也有國(guó)家對(duì)此一概封殺,在我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi),網(wǎng)約車帶來(lái)全民出行便利的同時(shí),也給社會(huì)帶來(lái)了一些違法甚至犯罪事件,這也給一些地方政府取締網(wǎng)約車提供了一些借口。筆者簡(jiǎn)要介紹《暫行辦法》的規(guī)定,并進(jìn)而提出幾個(gè)法律問(wèn)題和本文研究的主要方向。第二部分是關(guān)于網(wǎng)約車服務(wù)的定性問(wèn)題,法律定性往往意味著對(duì)其認(rèn)識(shí)的深度,本文主要是從其與傳統(tǒng)出租汽車、“黑車”、純粹的居間服務(wù)的對(duì)比,從而將網(wǎng)約車與以上三種定性區(qū)別開,然后將其定性為一種遵循共享經(jīng)濟(jì)理念和方式的新業(yè)態(tài)。第三部分是關(guān)于網(wǎng)約車服務(wù)的許可模式,眾所周知的是,在我國(guó),出租車從事客運(yùn)服務(wù)實(shí)行的是特別許可制,這實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種有違市場(chǎng)規(guī)律和缺乏法理依據(jù)的制度,網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車新興的當(dāng)下,筆者認(rèn)為網(wǎng)約車不宜再適用該種特別許可制。根據(jù)《行政許可法》的有關(guān)規(guī)定,特許經(jīng)營(yíng)制度是基于優(yōu)化配置自然資源、公共資源和直接關(guān)系到公共利益的特定行業(yè)的考量,通過(guò)論證,筆者認(rèn)為,網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車應(yīng)該變特別許可為一般許可制。第四部分是關(guān)于打車平臺(tái)與平臺(tái)司機(jī)之間的法律關(guān)系界定,筆者從探討英美法系和大陸法系對(duì)于勞動(dòng)關(guān)系認(rèn)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)入手,進(jìn)而指出我國(guó)規(guī)范性文件中對(duì)于勞動(dòng)關(guān)系的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較為缺乏,只在部門規(guī)章中才有零星記載。在認(rèn)定打車平臺(tái)與網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)之間關(guān)系之前,筆者將目前流行的網(wǎng)約車模式分成三類,四方協(xié)議模式、準(zhǔn)四方協(xié)議模式和三方協(xié)議模式,三種模式應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待,不能等而視之。第五部分是關(guān)于打車平臺(tái)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的分配,對(duì)于侵權(quán)責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問(wèn)題,又有乘客受傷與乘客之外第三人的受傷兩種不同情況,我國(guó)目前對(duì)于侵權(quán)責(zé)任承擔(dān)問(wèn)題的理論多數(shù)采用的是“運(yùn)行利益”和“運(yùn)行控制”學(xué)說(shuō)相結(jié)合,而平臺(tái)與司機(jī)對(duì)于車輛運(yùn)行都存在著或直接或間接的運(yùn)行利益和運(yùn)行控制。
[Abstract]:Following the trend of the development of network technology, the leader of the sharing economy, the online taxi booking, has shown a strong market adaptability, which has caused a great impact on the traditional taxi. In the world, the attitude of Uber is different. Didi Taxi, the local product of our country, also faces different treatment in our country. On the whole, the attitude of the relevant regulatory authorities has undergone a process of change from negative-neutral to legalization of reserved land. On July 27, 2016, the "interim measures on the Management of online booking Taxi Business Service", jointly issued by seven ministries and commissions, was promulgated. It is officially announced that the online taxi booking has become a member of the taxi industry in China, but the interim method has also put many invisible shackles on the new form of the Internet. For this reason, this article takes various legal problems presented by the interim measures as the subject of study. The specific research path is: the first part introduces the background of the provisional measures. Under the background of the rapid development of the shared economy, the traditional taxi industry has been greatly impacted. Therefore, the European and American Asian countries have different attitudes towards it, some of them support it, and some countries have all blocked it. In our country, While it brings convenience to the whole people, it also brings some illegal and even criminal incidents to the society, which also provides some excuses for some local governments to ban it. The author briefly introduces the provisions of "interim measures", and then puts forward several legal problems and the main research directions of this paper. The second part is about the qualitative problem of ride-hailing service, legal characterization often means the depth of understanding, this article is mainly from the traditional taxi, "black car", pure intermediary service comparison, Therefore, it distinguishes the three qualitative characteristics of the three above, and then characterizes it as a new business state following the concept and mode of shared economy. The third part is about the license mode of the ride-hailing service. It is well known that in our country, the special license system is implemented in the passenger transport service of taxis, which in essence is a system that violates the laws of the market and lacks legal basis. At present, the author thinks that the special license system should not be applied to the online taxi booking. According to the relevant provisions of the Administrative Licensing Law, the franchise system is based on the consideration of optimizing the allocation of natural resources, public resources and specific industries directly related to public interests. Online taxi booking should be changed from a special license to a general license system. The fourth part is about the legal relationship between the ride-hailing platform and the driver of the platform. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the standard of labor relations in the normative documents of our country is relatively lacking, and only in the departmental rules and regulations can there be sporadic records. Before determining the relationship between the ride-hailing platform and the ride-hailing drivers, the author divides the popular ride-hailing modes into three types: the quadripartite agreement model, the quasi-quadripartite agreement model and the three-party agreement mode. The three modes should be treated differently and cannot be regarded as such. The fifth part is about the distribution of tort liability on the taxi platform, and there are two different situations of passenger injury and the injury of the third person other than the passenger. At present, most of the theories of tort liability in our country adopt the theory of "operation benefit" and "operation control", while the platform and driver have direct or indirect operation benefits and operation control for the vehicle operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.296

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