發(fā)布時間：2018-04-20 19:29

  本文選題：刑事錯案 + 刑事錯案追責�。� 參考：《天津商業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文的研究對象是刑事錯案追責制度的完善,關(guān)于刑事錯案追究制度沒有明確統(tǒng)一的法律規(guī)定,主要的立法規(guī)定散見于各個單行的法律法規(guī)或者部門規(guī)章之中,未形成統(tǒng)一的刑事錯案追責制度,因此無法統(tǒng)一進行法律適用。關(guān)于該制度的規(guī)定欠缺刑事錯案追責的程序立法,在追責過程中,追責機關(guān)自由的選擇追責的程序,造成程序的混亂模糊。目前,我國正在進行如火如荼的司法改革,刑事錯案的問題也一次次的引起人們廣泛的關(guān)注,一旦錯案被曝光就會引起廣泛的討論。對于刑事錯案研究較多的是刑事錯案應(yīng)當怎樣進行預防的問題,但是預防刑事錯案的發(fā)生只是刑事錯案研究的一個方面,對刑事錯案的研究應(yīng)向刑事錯案的責任追究制度投向更多的目光,加強刑事錯案的追責力度,這對于預防刑事錯案也是非常有益的。刑事錯案發(fā)生之后不僅僅應(yīng)當在“名義上”進行糾正,而必須將具體的責任落實到有過錯的人員身上。本文在前言部分對刑事錯案追責制度建立的社會背景進行分析,闡述這一制度建立的必要性和制度建立的意義。第一章主要闡述刑事錯案追責制度的兩個基本問題,首先,在目前的理論界,對刑事錯案追責制度應(yīng)否存在是有爭議的,肯定的觀點認為這項制度的建立符合權(quán)責統(tǒng)一的理論,同時有利于對司法權(quán)進行監(jiān)督,否定的觀點認為,建立刑事錯案追責制度,不利于司法獨立精神的實現(xiàn),容易滋生司法不作為。其次,關(guān)于刑事錯案追責制度與國家賠償制度之間的關(guān)系在認識上人們存在一些誤區(qū),本文對這個問題也進行了闡述。第二章對刑事錯案追責制度的相關(guān)概念進行解釋,刑事錯案追責制度的建立,最關(guān)鍵的無疑就是刑事錯案的概念,因為這關(guān)系到一個案件能否被確定為刑事錯案的定性問題。同時本文將對刑事錯案責任的構(gòu)成體系進行分析,以甄別哪些案件應(yīng)當作為錯案對其進行責任追究,防止將不應(yīng)當追責的案件納入追責的范圍。本文第三章簡述了西方國家對司法人員的懲戒制度,通過域外制度的分析以期選擇可以借鑒的因素,幫助我國建立完善的刑事錯案追責制度。最后是刑事錯案制度完善的具體措施,也是本文的重點部分,主要從刑事錯案追責制度的啟動主體、刑事錯案追責的程序運行、刑事錯案追責制度追責范圍、刑事錯案責任承擔形式這幾個方面進行闡述,以期形成完整的刑事錯案追責制度的框架。總而言之,就是要建立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的刑事錯案追責制度體系,防止法律適用的混亂。這樣才能做到“有錯必有責”,彰顯社會公正,弘揚法治精神。在依法治國的大背景之下,該制度的完善將使法治的理念更加深入人心。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the perfection of the system of pursuing criminal misdemeanours. There are no clear and uniform legal provisions on the system of investigating criminal errors. The main legislative provisions are scattered among the individual laws and regulations or departmental regulations. There is no uniform system of criminal malpractice, so it is impossible to apply the law uniformly. The provisions of this system lack of procedural legislation for the prosecution of criminal misdemeanours. In the process of pursuing responsibility, the free choice of the procedures of the accountability agencies results in confusion of the procedures. At present, our country is carrying on the judicial reform in full swing, the problem of the criminal wrong case also causes the widespread concern time and again, once the wrong case is exposed, will cause the widespread discussion. For the study of criminal error cases, it is more about how to prevent them, but the prevention of the occurrence of criminal wrong cases is only one aspect of the study of criminal wrong cases. The research on the criminal wrong case should pay more attention to the system of investigating the responsibility of the criminal wrong case, and strengthen the pursuit of the criminal wrong case, which is also very beneficial to the prevention of the criminal wrong case. After the occurrence of criminal error, it should not only be corrected in nominal terms, but also should be put into practice to the person who is at fault. In the preface of this paper, the author analyzes the social background of the establishment of the criminal misdemeanor system, and expounds the necessity of the establishment of the system and the significance of the establishment of the system. The first chapter mainly expounds two basic problems of the system of pursuing criminal misdemeanor. Firstly, in the current theoretical circle, it is controversial whether there should be a criminal misdemeanor system. The positive view is that the establishment of this system accords with the unified theory of power and responsibility. At the same time, it is beneficial to the supervision of judicial power. The negative view is that the establishment of the system of pursuing responsibility in criminal cases is not conducive to the realization of the spirit of judicial independence, and it is easy to breed judicial inaction. Secondly, there are some misunderstandings about the relationship between the system of pursuing criminal malpractice and the system of national compensation. The second chapter explains the related concepts of the criminal misdemeanor system. The most important thing in the establishment of the criminal misdemeanor system is undoubtedly the concept of the criminal wrong case, because it is related to whether a case can be determined as the qualitative problem of the criminal wrong case. At the same time, this paper will analyze the constitution system of the responsibility of the criminal wrong case, in order to identify which cases should be investigated as the wrong cases, and prevent the cases that should not be pursued with the scope of the pursuit of responsibility. The third chapter briefly describes the western countries' disciplinary system for judicial personnel, through the analysis of the extraterritorial system in order to choose the factors that can be used for reference, to help our country to establish a perfect system of criminal misdemeanor. Finally, it is the specific measures to perfect the criminal mismatch system, which is also the key part of this paper. It mainly starts from the starting subject of the criminal mismatch system, the procedure operation of the criminal misdemeanor system, and the scope of the criminal misdemeanor pursuit system. In order to form a complete framework of criminal misdemeanor system, this paper expounds the forms of criminal misdemeanor responsibility. In a word, it is necessary to establish a unified and standardized system of criminal misdemeanor to prevent confusion in the application of the law. Only in this way can we achieve "mistakes and responsibilities", highlight social justice and promote the spirit of rule of law. Under the background of ruling the country by law, the perfection of this system will make the idea of rule of law more popular.
【學位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1779118