本文選題：封閉型　切入點：開放型　出處：《蘭州大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：村民自治制度是中國政治在鄉(xiāng)村層面的民主實踐,開啟了村民個體以民主選舉形式自主管理村莊事務(wù)的新時代,改變了鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)治理方式,村委會選舉成為公共權(quán)力民主性的體現(xiàn)和個體表達利益訴求的制度化渠道,被視為評判村莊自治成果的衡量標準。在國家現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的社會背景下,轉(zhuǎn)型時期的中國農(nóng)村選舉制度正面臨著復雜變化。文章主要從三部分研究村域內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)宗族與新型農(nóng)民合作社的組織力量博弈,對村委會選舉的競選格局及村莊治理結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的影響。第一部分:第一章通過對農(nóng)民合作社和宗族的相關(guān)文獻梳理,厘清當前農(nóng)民合作社和宗族政治參與的研究現(xiàn)狀,揭示中國鄉(xiāng)土社會正在經(jīng)歷著“半熟人社會”的深刻巨變,差序格局的舊倫理逐漸消亡,民主制度成為重建農(nóng)村秩序的主要制度選擇。鑒于中國村莊的復雜性,文章在第二章通過對西北邊疆地區(qū)土地開發(fā)不充分,移民人口眾多的特點分析,依據(jù)村莊邊界和封閉與開放社會的理論基礎(chǔ),將村莊劃分為開放型村莊和封閉型村莊。第二部分:第三章和第四章分別從定性和定量兩個角度研究不同村莊類型內(nèi)宗族和農(nóng)民合作社對村委會選舉的影響。在定性分析中,文章從社會特征差異性入手,構(gòu)建了一個由社區(qū)記憶和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化兩個維度組成的社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)與村委會選舉分析模型,通過案例研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在封閉型村莊,宗族強,合作社弱,宗族勢力在村委會選舉中具有優(yōu)勢;而在開放型村莊,合作社強,宗族弱,農(nóng)民合作社在選舉中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢。定量分析中,文章依據(jù)10個縣20個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),通過對村委會選舉的過程性研究,運用層次分析法構(gòu)建了測量村委會選舉行動力的指標體系,比較了在不同類型村莊農(nóng)民合作社與宗族參與村委會選舉的行動力差異,進一步深化了開放型村莊農(nóng)民合作社參與村委會選舉行動力高于宗族,封閉型村莊宗族參與村委會選舉行動力高于農(nóng)民合作社的研究結(jié)論。第三部分:文章在第五章運用多元層次回歸模型從個人組織特征、民主構(gòu)建、利益相關(guān)性認知三個方面探討了在開放型村莊影響合作社成員村委會選舉行動力的內(nèi)部因素。計量結(jié)果顯示,合作社成員的入社年數(shù)、接受合作社服務(wù)、參與合作社民主選舉、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督活動以及利益相關(guān)性認知均對社員的選舉行動力產(chǎn)生正向影響作用,并利用社員組織身份的分組樣本證實了結(jié)論的穩(wěn)健性。因此可以說,推動農(nóng)民合作社發(fā)展有利于重構(gòu)村莊民主新秩序,從深層挖掘推動基層民主發(fā)展進程的主干力量,改善村莊治理格局。
[Abstract]:The system of villager autonomy is a democratic practice of Chinese politics at the rural level, which opens a new era of independent management of village affairs by villagers in the form of democratic election, and changes the traditional way of rural governance. The election of village committee becomes the embodiment of democracy of public power and the institutionalized channel of individual expression of interests and demands, and it is regarded as the standard to judge the achievement of village autonomy. In the period of transition, China's rural election system is facing complex changes. The influence on the election pattern of village committee election and the structure of village governance. The first part: the first chapter, through combing the relevant documents of peasant cooperative and clan, clarifies the current research status of peasant cooperative and clan political participation. It is revealed that China's local society is undergoing a profound change of "semi-acquaintance society", the old ethics of the pattern of differential order is gradually dying out, and the democratic system has become the main institutional choice for re-establishing rural order. In view of the complexity of Chinese villages, In the second chapter, based on the analysis of the characteristics of inadequate land development and large immigrant population in the Northwest Frontier region, based on the theoretical basis of the village boundary and the closed and open society, The second part: chapter three and chapter 4th, respectively, from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, to study the influence of clan and farmer cooperative in different village types on village committee election. Starting with the difference of social characteristics, this paper constructs a social relationship network and village committee election analysis model, which consists of two dimensions of community memory and agricultural industrialization. Through case studies, it is found that in closed villages, clans are strong. Cooperatives are weak and clan forces have advantages in village committee elections, while in open villages, cooperatives are strong, clan is weak, and peasant cooperatives occupy an advantage in elections. In quantitative analysis, the article bases on the survey data of 20 villages and towns in 10 counties. Through the study of the process of village committee election, this paper constructs an index system to measure the village committee election action ability by using the analytic hierarchy process, and compares the difference of the village farmers' cooperative and clan participating in the village committee election in different types of villages. It has further deepened the participation of open village farmers' cooperatives in the election of village committees, which is more active than the clans. The conclusion of closed village clan participating in village committee election is higher than that of farmer cooperative. The third part: in chapter 5th, the author uses the multilevel regression model to construct democracy from the characteristics of individual organization. This paper discusses the internal factors that influence the ability of election of the village committee of cooperative members in open villages from three aspects of cognition of interest relevance. The results show that the number of years of membership of cooperative members, the number of years of membership of cooperative members, and the participation of cooperative members in democratic election of cooperatives, Democratic management, democratic supervision activities and cognition of interest relevance all have a positive effect on the election action of members, and confirm the robustness of the conclusion by using the grouping sample of membership identity. Promoting the development of peasant cooperatives is conducive to reconstructing the new order of democracy in villages, digging up the main forces that promote the process of democratic development at the grass-roots level, and improving the pattern of village governance.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D422.6

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