【摘要】：本論文致力于考察《失樂園》中的倫理世界,乃是從兩個著眼點出發(fā):一方面,研究《失樂園》這部作品是如何以詩歌為話語媒介從宗教、性別、語言、宇宙論諸維度進(jìn)行倫理探討和倫理表達(dá)的;另一方面,以倫理維度為切入口考察想象性文學(xué)對宗教、性別、語言及宇宙論等重大領(lǐng)域的探索與干預(yù)。通過以上兩方面的互質(zhì)與互證,本論文試圖揭示詩歌作為工具性話語進(jìn)行倫理探討與實踐所具有的獨特價值,同時期待從中探觸到詩人所處時代的倫理脈息,觀照到時代的倫理變遷,體察到詩人的倫理理想。論文主體分四個方面展開:第一章從基督教神正論角度對《失樂園》中與宗教相關(guān)的倫理論題進(jìn)行探討。《失樂園》開篇即宣稱此詩的目的是要"向人類確證條條天道的正確性"(《失樂園》第一卷,第26行),因此,對自由意志與上帝意旨、受造物之理性與造物主的律法之間的矛盾沖突的探討是其中繞不開的內(nèi)容,這些問題既是神學(xué)問題,更與倫理密切相關(guān)。彌爾頓通過《失樂園》對這些悖論展開了詩性的探討,并表達(dá)出如下信念:自由與理性作為人本精神的核心價值,一旦被抽掉神性根基,失去上帝的依持,就在惡的誘惑下不堪一擊。第二章從性別與愛欲角度考察《失樂園》中"性"與愛欲的倫理價值以及通過愛欲和身體傳達(dá)出的倫理觀念的嬗變。首先,通過分析《失樂園》中愛欲的認(rèn)知價值,指出愛欲是人類存在者走向真知的必由之路;其次,通過分析愛欲及身體所表征的政治倫理意義,指出愛欲既可以是催生秩序的建設(shè)性力量,也可以是摧毀秩序的破壞性力量。最后,《失樂園》還通過愛欲話語傳達(dá)出一系列啟蒙倫理觀念:首先是它所表達(dá)的人之愛的特定性和不可替代性的特點,由此帶來的一個觀念上的后果就是對個人身份的強(qiáng)調(diào);然后,詩歌文本極為具體深刻地表現(xiàn)了這一時期女性身體所具有的復(fù)雜政治意義。第三章從語言這一話語載體及媒介本身考察《失樂園》中語言的倫理意涵及倫理功能。具體而言,首先分析"命名"的倫理意義;然后分析由語言締結(jié)的敘述契約,以及由此契約結(jié)成的倫理關(guān)聯(lián);最后分析語言對主體意義創(chuàng)建的重要作用及其與主體欲望的緊密關(guān)聯(lián)。第四章從文藝復(fù)興時期宇宙論的角度探討《失樂園》中宇宙的相關(guān)敘事所傳達(dá)的倫理意義。首先指出物理與倫理的緊密關(guān)聯(lián);接下來分析宇宙創(chuàng)生敘事中的倫理話語;其次,通過對宇宙中的等級秩序的分析指出它所具有的倫理意義。除此之外,這個宇宙的時間和空間也具有倫理上的重要象征意義。結(jié)論部分回答緒論中提出的三個問題:首先,《失樂園》作為一部文學(xué)作品在倫理探討和倫理表達(dá)中具有理性倫理學(xué)無法替代的獨特優(yōu)勢。其次,詩歌要實現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)世人倫到神義倫理的"超越"",捕捉"生命激流中的'上帝顯現(xiàn)",呈現(xiàn)真實世界留在感性世界的印跡,就必須借助于中介。這中介就是形象和象征。最后,概括《失樂園》的人類墮落敘事向讀者呈現(xiàn)出的倫理圖景。
[Abstract]:This thesis is devoted to the study of the ethical world in paradise lost. It is from two points of view: on the one hand, the study of "Paradise Lost" is an ethical discussion and ethical expression on the aspects of religion, sex, language and cosmology with poetry as the medium of discourse; on the other hand, an ethical dimension as an entrance examination of imaginative literature. Through the two aspects of mutual quality and mutual evidence, this thesis attempts to reveal the unique value of poetry as a tool for ethical discussion and practice, and to explore the ethical changes in the times of the poets, and to observe the ethical changes of the times. The subject of the poet's ethical ideal is observed. The main body of the thesis is divided into four aspects: the first chapter discusses the ethical issues related to Religion in paradise lost from the point of view of the Christian God. Paradise lost is the beginning of that the purpose of the poem is to "confirm the correctness of the way to the human being" (< Paradise Lost > the first, twenty-sixth lines). The discussion of the conflict between the will and the intention of God, the contradiction between the rationality of creation and the law of the creator is an inseparable content. These problems are both theological and ethical. Milton explored the paradoxes through the paradise lost and expressed the following beliefs: freedom and reason as human essence. The core value of God, once it is removed from the divine foundation, loses the support of God, and is unbearable under the temptation of evil. The second chapter examines the ethical value of "sex" and "love" in paradise lost and the transmutation of ethical ideas conveyed through love and body from the angle of sex and desire. First, through the analysis of the cognitive price of love in paradise lost. It points out that love is the only way for human beings to come to the true knowledge. Secondly, by analyzing the political and ethical significance of love and body, it is pointed out that love can be a constructive force to promote order and a destructive force to destroy order. In the end, Paradise Lost also conveys a series of enlightenment ethics through the utterance of love. The first is the specific and irreplaceable character of the human love that it expresses, and the consequent consequence is the emphasis on personal identity. Then, the poetry text is very specific and profound to show the complex political meaning of the female body in this period. The third chapter is from the language as a discourse carrier and media book. The ethical meaning and ethical function of the language in paradise lost is investigated. In particular, the ethical significance of "naming" is analyzed first; then the narrative contract concluded by language is analyzed, and the ethical relevance formed by this contract is analyzed. Finally, it analyzes the important use of language for the creation of the subject and its close relationship with the desire of the subject. The fourth chapter is from the text. The point of view of the Renaissance cosmology discusses the ethical meaning conveyed by the related narration in paradise lost in paradise. First, it points out the close relationship between physics and ethics; then it analyzes the ethical discourse in the universe's creative narrative; secondly, it points out the ethical significance of the universe by the analysis of the order of the universe. The time and space of the Zeus also have the important symbolic significance of ethics. The conclusion part answers the three questions raised in the introduction: first, "Paradise Lost >" as a literary work in ethical discussion and ethical expression has the unique advantages that rational ethics can not replace. Secondly, poetry should realize "transcendence" from the present human ethics to the ethical ethics of God. To capture 'God's appearance' in the "life torrent" and to present the imprinting of the real world in the perceptual world, it must be mediated by the intermediary. This intermediary is the image and the symbol. Finally, the ethical landscape of the decadent narrative of paradise lost to the reader is summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I561.072

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