發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-03 20:05

  本文選題：背景提示效應(yīng) + 內(nèi)隱記憶��； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：從不同視角觀察同一場(chǎng)景時(shí),眼睛看到的視像會(huì)有顯著的差別。關(guān)于從某一視角學(xué)習(xí)到的場(chǎng)景知識(shí)能否遷移到新視角,目前有兩種觀點(diǎn):一種觀點(diǎn)主張空間記憶不能遷移到新視角;另一種觀點(diǎn)主張空間記憶可以遷移到新視角。該爭(zhēng)論的本質(zhì)是,場(chǎng)景的記憶痕跡是學(xué)習(xí)視角的視覺(jué)圖像,還是場(chǎng)景中的空間關(guān)系。基于外顯記憶任務(wù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在不同的任務(wù)下這兩種空間表征都可以被個(gè)體利用。然而,對(duì)于內(nèi)隱記憶空間表征方式的研究還很有限,且已有的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)隱記憶不能遷移到學(xué)習(xí)視角之外的新視角,只能以缺乏靈活性的視網(wǎng)膜圖像進(jìn)行表征。本研究通過(guò)背景提示效應(yīng)范式,探討內(nèi)隱空間記憶的編碼過(guò)程能否整合空間參照系的信息,從而習(xí)得場(chǎng)景中物體空間關(guān)系的高級(jí)表征。系統(tǒng)地操縱了二維旋轉(zhuǎn)和三維旋轉(zhuǎn)、場(chǎng)景內(nèi)部與環(huán)境空間參照信息、視角變化方式等變量,通過(guò)三個(gè)研究共7項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)展開(kāi)對(duì)該問(wèn)題的探討。研究一目的是探討在提供不同水平空間參照信息的條件下,背景提示效應(yīng)能否遷移到二維場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)后的新視角。使用二維人工材料組成搜索場(chǎng)景,設(shè)置了內(nèi)部(字母方向)與環(huán)境(視覺(jué)邊框)空間參照信息同時(shí)存在、只存在內(nèi)部或環(huán)境空間參照信息的三種參照信息水平。實(shí)驗(yàn)1a在場(chǎng)景中提供了內(nèi)部和環(huán)境兩種空間參照信息,選取48名被試分為3組,分別在測(cè)試階段經(jīng)歷0度、45度、60度的場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)三組被試在學(xué)習(xí)階段習(xí)得的背景提示效應(yīng)都能遷移到新視角。實(shí)驗(yàn)1b采用眼動(dòng)追蹤技術(shù),使用與實(shí)驗(yàn)1a中45度組相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)程序,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)前后的眼跳次數(shù)、掃描模式比等眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)模式一致。實(shí)驗(yàn)2僅提供內(nèi)部空間參照信息,選取32名被試分為2組,分別在測(cè)試階段經(jīng)歷了真轉(zhuǎn)、假轉(zhuǎn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)真轉(zhuǎn)組的背景提示效應(yīng)完全消失了。實(shí)驗(yàn)3僅提供環(huán)境空間參照線索,其他設(shè)置與實(shí)驗(yàn)2相同,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)真轉(zhuǎn)組的背景提示效應(yīng)得到了很大衰減。以上三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果共同說(shuō)明,二維場(chǎng)景中的背景提示效應(yīng)能夠遷移到新異視角,提供充分的空間參照信息是效應(yīng)遷移的必要條件。研究二的目的是探討如果視角變化是由觀察者移動(dòng)帶來(lái)的,內(nèi)隱記憶能否自動(dòng)地遷移到新異視角。將與研究一相同的場(chǎng)景材料投影到地面上,探討場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)和觀察者移動(dòng)對(duì)背景提示效應(yīng)視角遷移的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)4在場(chǎng)景中提供了內(nèi)部空間參照線索,選取64名被試分為4組,分別在測(cè)試階段通過(guò)觀察者不移動(dòng)場(chǎng)景不旋轉(zhuǎn)(O0So)、觀察者移動(dòng)場(chǎng)景不旋轉(zhuǎn)(O+So)、觀察者不移動(dòng)場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)(O0S+)、觀察者移動(dòng)且場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)(O+S+)四種方式得到與學(xué)習(xí)階段相同或不同的視覺(jué)圖像,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然被試看到的視覺(jué)圖像都不同于學(xué)習(xí)階段,但O+S0組的背景提示效應(yīng)得到了保持,而O0S+組卻消失了。實(shí)驗(yàn)5去除了場(chǎng)景中所有的空間參照信息,其他與實(shí)驗(yàn)4相同,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在測(cè)試階段O+S0組和O0S+組的背景提示效應(yīng)都消失了。以上兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果共同說(shuō)明,身體移動(dòng)帶來(lái)的信息能夠使背景提示效應(yīng)遷移到新異視角;同時(shí),提供空間參照信息是實(shí)現(xiàn)遷移的必要條件。研究三的目的是探討在視覺(jué)信息變化更復(fù)雜的三維場(chǎng)景中背景提示效應(yīng)能否遷移到新視角。采用三維真實(shí)場(chǎng)景組成搜索場(chǎng)景,并排除了真實(shí)場(chǎng)景中的語(yǔ)義信息,探討場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)和觀察者移動(dòng)對(duì)三維場(chǎng)景中背景提示效應(yīng)視角遷移的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)6在場(chǎng)景中提供了內(nèi)部空間參照信息,選取32名被試分為2組,分別在測(cè)試階段經(jīng)歷0度和45度的場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)45度組的效應(yīng)在測(cè)試階段顯著衰減。實(shí)驗(yàn)7選取64名被試,使用與實(shí)驗(yàn)6相同的材料、與實(shí)驗(yàn)4相同的范式,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)O+S0組的背景提示效應(yīng)得到了保持,O0S+組的效應(yīng)消失。以上2個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果共同說(shuō)明,在空間信息變化更為復(fù)雜的三維場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)中,背景提示效應(yīng)也能依靠空間參照信息和觀察者移動(dòng)帶來(lái)的信息實(shí)現(xiàn)空間更新。在本論文的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,可以得到以下結(jié)論:1.在二維和三維場(chǎng)景中,背景提示效應(yīng)都可以遷移到場(chǎng)景旋轉(zhuǎn)后的新視角。說(shuō)明除了視網(wǎng)膜圖像,背景提示效應(yīng)的編碼過(guò)程中也能加工空間關(guān)系的信息。2.背景提示效應(yīng)的視角遷移需要借助空間參照信息來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。不同類型的空間參照信息在這個(gè)過(guò)程中起到了不同的作用。3.觀察者自身移動(dòng)帶來(lái)的空間信息也能使背景提示效應(yīng)遷移到新視角,即出現(xiàn)了空間更新效應(yīng)。這一過(guò)程也必須在空間參照信息的幫助下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Seeing the same scene from different perspectives, there are significant differences in the view of the eye. There are two views on whether the knowledge of the scene learned from a certain perspective can be moved to a new perspective: one view that spatial memory can not migrate to a new perspective; another view that space memory can be moved to a new perspective. The essence is that the memory trace of the scene is the visual image of the learning perspective or the spatial relationship in the scene. The research based on the explicit memory task finds that the two spatial representations can be used by the individual under different tasks. However, the research on the spatial representation of implicit memory is limited, and the existing research finds implicit notes. A new perspective, which can not be transferred to the learning perspective, can only be characterized by the lack of flexible retinal images. This study explores whether the encoding process of the implicit spatial memory can integrate the information of the spatial reference system through the background prompting effect paradigm, thus acquiring a high-level representation of the spatial relationship of the object in the scene. Rotation and three-dimensional rotation, internal and environmental space reference information, visual angle change, and other variables are discussed through three studies and 7 experiments. The purpose of this study is to discuss whether the background prompt effect can be moved to a new perspective after the rotation of the two-dimensional scene under the condition of providing different horizontal spatial reference information. The two dimensional artificial materials make up the search scene, set up the internal (letter direction) and the environment (visual frame) spatial reference information simultaneously, only there are three reference information levels of internal or environmental space reference information. Experimental 1A provides the internal and environmental two kinds of space reference information in the scene, and selected 48 subjects into 3 groups, respectively. In the trial stage, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees of scene rotation, the results found that the three groups of subjects learned in the learning stage the background prompt effect can be moved to the new perspective. Experimental 1b using eye tracking technique, using the same experimental program as the experimental 1A 45 group, the results found the number of saccades before and after the scene rotation, scan pattern ratio and other eye movement index. The model is the same. Experiment 2 only provides internal spatial reference information, and 32 subjects are divided into 2 groups. The experimental conditions of true rotation and false rotation have been experienced in the test stage. The results found that the background effect of the true rotation group completely disappeared. Experiment 3 only provided the reference clues of the environment space, which was the same as the experiment 2, and found the background of the true rotation group. The results of the three experiments have been greatly attenuated. The results of the above experiments show that the background prompt effect in the two-dimensional scene can be migrated to the new perspective, and providing sufficient spatial reference information is the necessary condition for the effect migration. The purpose of study two is to explore whether the implicit memory is self memory if the change of perspective is caused by the movement of the observer. Move to a new perspective. Projection the same scene material to the ground, explore the effect of scene rotation and observer movement on the migration of the background prompt effect. Experiment 4 provides internal spatial reference clues in the scene, and selected 64 subjects to be divided into 4 groups, which do not move the scene by the observer at the test stage, respectively. O0So, the observer moves the scene without rotation (O+So), the observer does not move the scene rotation (O0S+), the observer moves and the scene rotates (O+S+) four ways to get the same or different visual images from the learning stage. The results show that although the visual images are different from the learning stage, the background effect of the O+S0 group is obtained. The O0S+ group disappeared. Experiment 5 went to all the spatial reference information in the scene, and the other was the same as that in the experiment 4. The results found that the background effect of the O+S0 group and the O0S+ group disappeared at the test stage. The results of the two experiments show that the information brought by the body movement can move the background effect to the new angle of view. At the same time, providing spatial reference information is a necessary condition for the realization of migration. The purpose of study three is to explore whether the background prompting effect in the more complex three-dimensional scene of visual information can be migrated to a new perspective. The search scene is composed of three-dimensional real scene, and the semantic information in the real scene is excluded, and the scene rotation and the observer are discussed. The effect of movement on the background prompting effect in three-dimensional scene. Experiment 6 provides internal spatial reference information in the scene. 32 subjects are divided into 2 groups, and the scene rotates at 0 and 45 degrees in the test stage. The results show that the effect of the 45 degree group attenuates at the test stage. Experiment 7 select 64 subjects, use and Experiment 6. The same material, with the same paradigm as experiment 4, found that the background effect of the O+S0 group was maintained and the effect of the O0S+ group disappeared. The results of the above 2 experiments showed that the background effect could also depend on the information of the space and the information brought by the observer in the more complex three-dimensional scene rotation of the spatial information. In the experimental conditions of this paper, we can get the following conclusions: 1. in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenes, the background prompting effect can be moved to the new perspective after the scene rotation. It shows that in addition to the retinal image, the background prompt effect in the encoding process can also process the spatial relationship information.2. background prompt effect. The shift needs to be implemented with the help of spatial reference information. Different types of spatial reference information play a different role in this process. The spatial information brought by the.3. observer's own movement can also move the background prompt effect to a new perspective, that is, the spatial update effect. This process must also be supported by the help of spatial reference information. It can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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本文編號(hào)：1974009