本文選題：冀南 + 西豆莊��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分,對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)格局和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有著極為重要的影響。本文以1923到2013年冀南平鄉(xiāng)縣西豆莊村為研究對象,對此問題展開討論。西豆莊村是20世紀(jì)20年代卜凱中國農(nóng)村調(diào)查的具體調(diào)查點之一,是一個比較有代表性的華北平原內(nèi)陸村莊。在長達(dá)近百年的時間里,該村莊歷經(jīng)數(shù)次變革,政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會生活都發(fā)生了結(jié)構(gòu)性的變遷,這些變遷深刻的影響了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動,由此帶來了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的根本性變化。歷史上的農(nóng)業(yè),是現(xiàn)實農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和前提。研究農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的長時段變遷,目的在于充分認(rèn)識歷史上的農(nóng)業(yè),探尋農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)變遷的脈絡(luò)和動力,以便更全面的解釋農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀并為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的制定提供歷史依據(jù)和現(xiàn)實觀察的角度。在研究過程中,筆者將農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)問題劃分為地權(quán)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式和農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)條件三個子問題,并重點討論了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)變遷的階段性特征和小農(nóng)經(jīng)營體制的優(yōu)劣。筆者綜合運用了文本資料(卜凱中國農(nóng)村調(diào)查資料、地方檔案館檔案資料、西豆莊村委會和村民個人收藏)、實地訪談記錄和問卷調(diào)查等多種形式的資料并注意對各種資料加以甄別,在此基礎(chǔ)上,將實證研究與理論思考結(jié)合起來,對西豆莊的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)變遷歷程進(jìn)行了客觀分析。本文認(rèn)為:1923年至2013年間西豆莊的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)走過了一個螺旋式上升的發(fā)展軌跡,即從民國時期的低土地產(chǎn)出率、低勞動生產(chǎn)率,到集體化時期的土地產(chǎn)出率穩(wěn)步提高、勞動生產(chǎn)率停滯不前,再到轉(zhuǎn)型時期的土地產(chǎn)出率增速由快變慢、勞動生產(chǎn)率快速提高。近百年來,地權(quán)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式的變遷經(jīng)歷了否定之否定的歷程,而農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)條件的變遷則經(jīng)歷了由傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代漸次遞進(jìn)的歷程。地權(quán)問題上,從民國時期較為分散的土地占有格局,到集體化時期公有制基礎(chǔ)上的地權(quán)集中,到轉(zhuǎn)型時期公有制基礎(chǔ)上的土地使用權(quán)下放,再到近年來土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策的實施使分散在農(nóng)戶手中的土地使用權(quán)得以重新整合。地權(quán)的變遷歷經(jīng)分散與集中的反復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)換,直至目前出現(xiàn)分散與集中共存的情況。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式問題上,從民國時期小農(nóng)的個體自主經(jīng)營,到集體化時期的集體統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營,到轉(zhuǎn)型時期個體自主經(jīng)營的復(fù)歸,再到近年來出現(xiàn)的新型農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式的變遷在自主與合作之間循環(huán)聯(lián)動,直至目前出現(xiàn)自主與合作相融的現(xiàn)象。農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)條件問題上,從民國時期以人力為主,到集體化時期由人力向機(jī)械力的過渡,再到轉(zhuǎn)型時期農(nóng)機(jī)時代的到來,農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)條件逐步走向了現(xiàn)代化。在這一過程中,勞動力的過剩與轉(zhuǎn)移問題始終與農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)條件的變革速度和發(fā)展方向交織在一起,相互制約并相互協(xié)調(diào)。在長達(dá)近百年的時間里,由于制度、技術(shù)和勞動力要素不同的配比情況,西豆莊不同階段的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)呈現(xiàn)出各具特色的時代特征,但不管是過去還是現(xiàn)在,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)問題都尚未得到真正有效的解決,實現(xiàn)中國農(nóng)業(yè)“有增長的發(fā)展”目標(biāo)依然任重而道遠(yuǎn)。小農(nóng)經(jīng)營是一種低效率高效用的經(jīng)營方式,它的存在和發(fā)展有其歷史的合理性。小農(nóng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為之所以固守“安全第一”的原則,源于其自身的局限性和農(nóng)村社會保障體系還較為脆弱。轉(zhuǎn)型時期,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)做的并非通過徹底改造來消除或毀滅小農(nóng)經(jīng)營,而是因勢利導(dǎo),一方面,推行家庭承包經(jīng)營基礎(chǔ)上的農(nóng)民合作;另一方面建立健全農(nóng)村社會保障體系和農(nóng)業(yè)公共服務(wù)體系。政府應(yīng)當(dāng)成為一種導(dǎo)向型、輔助型而非控制型的力量,才能夠保障農(nóng)業(yè)的健康順利發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production is an important part of the rural economy, which has a very important influence on the rural economic pattern and the development of rural economy. This paper takes the village of Xi Dou village, Pingxiang County, Hebei Province from 1923 to 2013 as the research object, to discuss the problem. The village of West Dou Zhuang is one of the specific investigation points of the rural China survey of Bu Kai in 1920s. A relatively representative inland village in the North China Plain. In the last hundred years, the village has undergone several changes, political, economic, cultural and social life have undergone structural changes. These changes have profoundly affected agricultural production activities, thus bringing about fundamental changes in agricultural productivity. The basic and prerequisite of the development of real agriculture is to study the long period changes of agricultural production in order to fully understand the history of agriculture, to explore the context and motive force of the changes in agricultural production, so as to provide a more comprehensive explanation of the current situation of agricultural production and to provide a historical basis and practical observation for the formulation of agricultural development strategy. The author divides the problem of agricultural production into three sub issues: land rights, agricultural production and management and agricultural technical conditions, and focuses on the stage characteristics of agricultural production changes and the advantages and disadvantages of small farmers' management system. In this paper, the agricultural production of West Dou Zhuang is considered as an objective analysis of the agricultural production process of West Dou Zhuang from 1923 to 2013. It has gone through a spiral development track, that is, the low land property rate, low labor productivity, the land output rate in the period of collectivization, the labor productivity stagnation, the growth rate of land output rate in the transition period and the rapid increase of labor productivity. The change of the mode of operation has experienced the course of negative negation, and the change of agricultural technology conditions has experienced a gradual progress from traditional to modern. On the issue of land rights, the scattered land occupancy pattern in the period of the Republic of China, the centralization of the land rights on the basis of the public ownership in the period of collectivization, and the land on the basis of the public ownership system in the period of transition. With the decentralization of rights and the implementation of the land transfer policy in recent years, the right to use the land dispersed in the hands of the farmers has been reintegrated. The change of the land rights has been changed through the dispersion and centralization, until the present situation of decentralization and centralization. Collective unified management in the period of collectivization, to the return of independent management in the period of transition, and then to the new type of peasant economic cooperation in recent years. The change of agricultural production and operation mode has been circulated between autonomy and cooperation until the phenomenon of autonomy and cooperation. In the process of this process, the surplus and transfer of labor force intertwined with the speed and direction of agricultural technological conditions, and interacted and coordinated each other. For nearly a hundred years, the agricultural production in the different stages of the West Dou Zhuang was characterized by different characteristics in different stages of the system, technology and labor factors. However, the problem of agricultural production has not been effectively solved in the past or now, and the goal of "growth development" in China's agriculture is to be achieved. The management of small farmers is a kind of low efficiency and efficient operation, and its existence and development have its historical rationality. The reason why the economic behavior of small farmers adhered to the principle of "safety first" stems from its own limitations and the rural social security system is relatively fragile and weak. The government should do not through the transition period. To eliminate or destroy the management of small farmers is to be completely reformed and destroyed. On the one hand, the farmer cooperation on the basis of household contract management is carried out. On the other hand, the rural social security system and the agricultural public service system are established. The government should be a guiding, auxiliary, not controlled power to guarantee the health of agriculture. Development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K29
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本文編號：1847770