本文選題：古代維吾爾語 + 歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)�。� 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)在古代維吾爾文獻(xiàn)研究中占有重要地位。至今已發(fā)現(xiàn)90件古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)殘片,其中59件殘片原件收藏于德國柏林勃蘭登堡科學(xué)院吐魯番研究所,1件殘片收藏于德國柏林亞洲藝術(shù)博物館(原柏林印度藝術(shù)博物館),3件殘片收藏于美國普林斯頓大學(xué)東亞圖書館,1件殘片原件收藏于俄羅斯東方文獻(xiàn)研究所圣彼得堡分所,2件殘片收藏于北京圖書館,2件殘片收藏于敦煌研究院,22件殘片下落不明。古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)涉及內(nèi)容包括占卜、歷法、天文學(xué)、星相學(xué)、星占術(shù)、護(hù)身符等諸多方面。這些文獻(xiàn)殘片中行數(shù)最多的有50多行,最少的只有2-3行。從文獻(xiàn)裝幀來看,有冊子式和經(jīng)折式兩種。大多數(shù)歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)的字體為半草書或草書體,也有部分涉及佛教內(nèi)容的魔法、歷法和占卜雕版印書殘片。一般來講,這些文獻(xiàn)是在佛教、道教、摩尼教等多種宗教的影響下形成的,是科學(xué)與迷信的混合。1929年由德國學(xué)者威利·邦格(Willi Bang)和安娜瑪麗·馮·佳班(Annemarie von Gabain)出版的《吐魯番突厥語文獻(xiàn)》第一卷和1936年由土耳其學(xué)者熱西德·拉赫麻提·阿拉特(Resid Rahmeti Arat)出版的《吐魯番突厥語文獻(xiàn)》第七卷可視為較全面研究古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)的最早專著。此后的80年,杰拉爾德·克勞森(SirGerard Clauson)、詹姆士·哈密爾頓(James Hamilton)、朱迪絲·奧格登·布里特(Judith Ogden Bullitt)、莉莉婭·吐固舍娃(Lilija Tugusheva)、路易·巴贊(Louis Bazin)、松井太(Matsui Dai)、彼得·茨默(Peter Zieme)、吉田豐(Yoshida Yutaka)等學(xué)者從不同角度對各類古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究。從邦格、馮·佳班和阿拉特等學(xué)者的研究算起,古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)研究整整經(jīng)歷了八十年多歷史。在此期間,西域—中亞語文學(xué)研究在廣度和深度都取得了很大進(jìn)展。就突厥語文學(xué)而言,到目前為止,《金光明經(jīng)》、《阿毗達(dá)摩俱舍論實(shí)義書》、《玄奘傳》、《彌勒會(huì)見記》等大型文獻(xiàn)先后得以刊布,各國收藏文獻(xiàn)不斷以目錄、數(shù)字圖版、專著、論文等形式得以刊布。德國、俄國、法國、日本、土耳其、中國等國家的學(xué)者,以這些成果為基礎(chǔ),還出版、發(fā)表大量論著,討論其中的語言、歷史、宗教、哲學(xué)、文化問題,其中包括辭書、語法書和大量文獻(xiàn)研究專著。更重要的是,在這八十年多在文獻(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)寫方法、翻譯方法、解釋方法等方面也有了較大的進(jìn)展�；谶@些積累,對已經(jīng)被研究的和未被研究的古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行全面整理和研究提到議事日程,以西域-中亞語文學(xué)研究的最新研究成果和研究方法為基礎(chǔ),對這些歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)與它們的漢文原典進(jìn)行仔細(xì)比較以及對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行全面而系統(tǒng)的語文學(xué)研究成為了西域-中亞語文學(xué)研究中的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。因此,本人以“古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)”為本文的研究對象,對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)從文獻(xiàn)學(xué)和文獻(xiàn)語言學(xué)的角度進(jìn)行了分類和研究,同時(shí)對它們進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)寫、換寫、漢文翻譯和注釋為一體的語文學(xué)研究,并以此基礎(chǔ),對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)語言的形態(tài)—句法特點(diǎn)和文獻(xiàn)中所見歷法和占卜術(shù)語的語義、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和語源進(jìn)行了探討。全文由導(dǎo)論、文獻(xiàn)研究篇、語言研究篇、結(jié)論和附錄四部分組成。導(dǎo)論部分簡要論述了本題的選題依據(jù)和研究意義,對國內(nèi)外有關(guān)古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)研究的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了評(píng)述,進(jìn)而對本題研究的方法、范圍等作了簡要介紹,對本文研究所使用的符號(hào)和縮略語做了說明。文獻(xiàn)篇由以下兩章組成：第一章古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)及其分類本章首先對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)、收藏現(xiàn)狀和書寫特點(diǎn)等進(jìn)行簡述,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上對選為本題研究對象的古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)從書寫形式、內(nèi)容、原典等三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分類。第二章古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)的語文學(xué)研究本章根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)的原典和內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)將本題研究范圍內(nèi)的90篇?dú)v法和占卜文獻(xiàn)分成11組,對它們進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)寫、換寫、漢文翻譯和詞句注釋,其中注釋部分主要集中于詞義注釋、詞源注釋和形態(tài)—句法注釋等方面。此后,文獻(xiàn)篇還提供了古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)的分析性音序詞匯索引。語言研究篇包括以下兩章：第三章古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)語言的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)本章首先對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)語言的語音系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行較為全面的語音學(xué)和音位學(xué)描寫。然后從形態(tài)—句法學(xué)的角度對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)語言的詞類及其形態(tài)變化、短語及其分類、句子及其類型等進(jìn)行了探討和描寫,同時(shí)論述了古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)語言中單句成分的語序、主語句、非主語句以及多重復(fù)句等語法問題。第四章古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)中所見歷法和占卜術(shù)語分析本章將重點(diǎn)集中于古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)中所見歷法和占卜術(shù)語,對它們進(jìn)行語義、結(jié)構(gòu)、語源分類,并著重探析歷法和占卜術(shù)語的語義、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和語言來源。同時(shí),初步對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)中所見外來術(shù)語的借用途徑和借用方式進(jìn)行探討。結(jié)論部分以各章的分析和研究為基礎(chǔ),對古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)語言的語音、形態(tài)—句法特點(diǎn)以及文獻(xiàn)中所見歷法和占卜術(shù)語的語義、結(jié)構(gòu)、語源特點(diǎn)作簡要概述,同時(shí)對本題研究的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)做了簡要交代。作為附錄本文提供了部分古代維吾爾語歷法和占卜文獻(xiàn)殘片的印影。附錄實(shí)際上是文獻(xiàn)研究篇其不可缺少的重要組成部分。
[Abstract]:The ancient Uygur calendar and divination documents play an important role in the study of ancient Uygur literature. Up to now, 90 ancient Uygur language and divination documents have been found, of which 59 pieces of original pieces are collected from the Turpan Institute of Land Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany, and 1 pieces are collected from the Berlin Asian Art Museum in Berlin, Germany. Berlin India Art Museum, Berlin), 3 pieces of pieces are collected in the East Asian Library of Princeton University, 1 pieces of original pieces are collected in the St Petersburg branch of the Russian Oriental Literature Institute, 2 pieces are collected in the Beijing library, 2 pieces are collected in the Dunhuang Research Institute and 22 pieces are unidentified. And the contents include divination, calendar, astronomy, astrology, astrology, astrology, and amulet. There are more than 50 lines with the largest number of rows in these documents, and at least 2-3 lines. From the document binding, there are two types of booklets and folds. Most of the calendars and divination documents are semi cursive or grass books, and some of them involve Buddhism. In general, these documents are formed under the influence of many religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Mani, which are published by the German scholar Willy Bunge (Willi Bang) and Anna Mary von Jia class (Annemarie von Gabain) in the mixed.1929 year of science and superstition. The first and 1936 seventh volumes of the Turpan Turkic language, published by the Turkey scholar Geside Rakhmati Arat (Resid Rahmeti Arat), can be regarded as the earliest monograph of the ancient Uygur calendar and divination literature. For the next 80 years, Gerald Klau (Clauson), James Hamilton (Jam) Es Hamilton), Judith Ogden Britt (Judith Ogden Bullitt), Lilia Turgooseva (Lilija Tugusheva), Louis Bazin (Louis Bazin), pine well too (Matsui Dai), Peter Tsma (Peter), Yoshida Toyo, and other scholars from different angles on various ancient Uygur calendar and divination literature. From the studies of scholars such as Bong, von JA and Yad, the history of the ancient Uygur language and the study of the divination literature has been more than eighty years. During this period, great progress has been made in the breadth and depth of the study of Western and Central Asian languages. For the Turkic language, so far, < Jin Guangming >, < adjoins Damour's furniture. On the book of real meaning, "Xuan Zang Zang", "Maitreya meeting" and other large documents have been published. The collection of documents in various countries has been published in the form of catalogues, figures, monographs and papers. Scholars in Germany, Russia, France, Japan, Turkey, China and other countries, based on these achievements, published, published a large number of treatises, and discussed languages, Historical, religious, philosophical, and cultural issues, including dictionaries, grammar books and a large number of literature research monographs. More importantly, more progress has been made in these eighty years in the literature's transliteration, translation methods, and interpretation methods. Based on these accumulation, the ancient Uygur language, which has been studied and has not been studied, has been studied and divination. On the basis of the latest research results and research methods in the study of western region and Central Asian literature, the literature carried out a comprehensive arrangement and Research on the agenda, and carefully compared these calendars and divination documents to their Chinese original code, and made a comprehensive and systematic study of the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature. In the study of western region and Central Asian literature, I take "the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination literature" as the research object, and classify and study the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination literature from the perspective of philology and philology. At the same time, they are transliterated, translated, translated and annotated in Chinese. On the basis of this, the morphological and syntactic features of the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination language and the semantic, structural features and etymology of the calendar and divination terms in the literature are discussed on this basis. The full text is composed of four parts: introduction, literature research, language research, conclusion and appendix. This paper expounds the basis and significance of the topic selection, reviews the current status of the study on the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination literature at home and abroad, and then briefly introduces the methods and scope of the research, and makes a clear description of the symbols and abbreviations used in this study. The literature is composed of the following two chapters: the first chapter of ancient times The ancient Uygur language and the divination literature and the classification of the Uygur language are briefly described in this chapter. On the basis of this, the history of the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature selected as the subject are divided into three aspects, such as the writing form, the content and the original code. The second chapter of the ancient Uygur language of the ancient Uygur language and the literature of the study of the literature, according to the original and content characteristics of the literature, the 90 calendar and divination documents in the scope of the subject are divided into 11 groups, and they are transliterated, translated, Chinese translation and words and sentences, of which annotation is mainly concentrated on word meaning annotation, etymology annotation and form. In the following two chapters, the third chapters include the structure characteristics of the ancient Uygur language and the language of the divination. This chapter is the first to the ancient Uygur calendar and the language of the divination language. The phonetics and phonological description of the phonetic system are carried out in a more comprehensive way. Then from the perspective of morphologic and sentence jurisprudence, the words and forms of the ancient Uygur language in ancient Uygur languages and their morphological changes, phrases and their categories, sentences and types are discussed and described, and the ancient Uygur Language and the language of divination are discussed. The fourth chapters of the ancient Uygur language and divination and the analysis of the divination terms will focus on the calendar and divination terms in the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature, and carry out their semantic, structure, and etymological classification. It also focuses on the analysis of the semantic, structural features and language sources of the terms of calendar and divination. At the same time, a preliminary discussion is made on the borrowing ways and borrowing ways of the foreign terms in the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature. The features of morphology and syntax and the semantic, structure and etymological characteristics of the calendar and divination terms in the literature are briefly summarized. At the same time, a brief account of the innovative points of the study is made. As an appendix this article provides a part of the ancient Uygur calendar and the imprint of the remnants of the divination literature. An important part of it.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H215

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