本文選題：跨文化適應理論　切入點：范式　出處：《浙江大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：跨文化適應研究是人類學、社會學、心理學、跨文化交際學等諸多學科領域研究興趣的交匯點。自上世紀30年代至今,各學科領域的跨文化適應研究取得了豐碩的成果。但是,跨文化適應理論研究相對較少,且理論研究集中在理論的建構(gòu)、檢驗、修訂等方面,理論的系統(tǒng)梳理和反思相對較少。基于此,本研究以Kuhn的范式理論為理論基礎,力圖突破學科的界限,較為系統(tǒng)地梳理現(xiàn)有的跨文化適應理論,并反思理論之間的本質(zhì)異同,以明晰跨文化適應理論的發(fā)展脈絡,把握跨文化適應理論未來的發(fā)展方向。 本研究首先從內(nèi)在合理性和實踐可能性兩個方面詳細論證了范式理論應用于社會科學研究的適用性問題,并對“范式”概念進行了適應性重塑,為跨文化適應理論研究奠定了理論基礎。而后,本研究從宏觀、中觀、微觀三個層面分別對跨文化適應理論研究的主要范式、跨文化適應理論和跨文化適應案例進行分析。宏觀層面上,本研究參照社會科學領域和跨文化交際領域的范式分類方法,結(jié)合跨文化適應理論研究的學科背景和跨文化適應的本質(zhì),區(qū)分了指導跨文化適應理論研究的主要范式——實證主義范式、批判理論范式和建構(gòu)主義范式,并對各范式的本體論、認識論、方法論基本假設進行解析。該層面的研究主要采用文獻研究法。中觀層面上,本研究分別介紹了以實證主義范式、批判理論范式和建構(gòu)主義范式為指導的主要跨文化適應理論。同時,該層面的研究采取內(nèi)容分析的方法和以點帶面的分析策略,以各范式的典型理論為重點,詳細分析了理論的目標、概念及關系,以及建構(gòu)／檢驗方法等表現(xiàn)特征,從而揭示理論背后的范式基本假設。微觀層面上,在宏觀分析和中觀分析的基礎上,采用對比研究的方法,進一步對比實證主義范式、批判理論范式、建構(gòu)主義范式對同一跨文化適應案例的分析視角,從而揭示跨文化適應理論研究的主要范式的優(yōu)勢與局限,指明理論的發(fā)展方向。宏觀、中觀、微觀三個層面逐層遞進、有機結(jié)合,不僅從抽象的范式層面梳理和反思現(xiàn)有的跨文化適應理論,把握理論之間的本質(zhì)異同,而且使抽象的范式差異具體化。 基于上述研究,我們得出的主要觀點和結(jié)論包括：(1)Kuhn的范式理論具有應用于跨文化適應理論研究的合理性和可能性；(2)跨文化適應理論研究是由實證主義范式、批判理論范式和建構(gòu)主義范式共同指導的；(3)范式的本體論、認識論、方法論基本假設影響和決定著理論的目標、概念及關系,以及建構(gòu)／檢驗方法等表現(xiàn)特征,而理論的表現(xiàn)特征體現(xiàn)范式的基本假設；(4)跨文化適應理論研究的主要范式具有多元性、互補性、通約性和運用不均衡性的特點,其中范式的多元性、互補性、通約性有助于我們對跨文化適應的全面而深入理解,而范式運用的不均衡性則有礙于我們對跨文化適應的全面而深入理解；(5)跨文化適應理論的發(fā)展和完善需要培養(yǎng)范式自覺性、觀照跨文化適應的語境性、關注跨文化適應的主體間性、以開放的姿態(tài)迎接更多范式可能性。 本研究從范式角度對跨文化適應理論的梳理和反思具有重要的理論意義和實踐意義。理論上,本研究不僅從更廣闊的視野審視跨文化適應理論的發(fā)展狀況,有助于把握理論之間的本質(zhì)異同,而且突破了跨文化適應理論研究的學科分野,有助于學科之間的對話與合作；不僅為范式理論應用于社會科學研究的適用性提供了例證,而且對跨文化交際領域的其它相關研究具有重要的借鑒意義。實踐上,本研究不僅為全球化社會中的流動人口提供了更為完善的理論指導,有助于增強他們的跨文化適應能力和不同文化成員的和諧共生,也為跨文化教育和培訓提供了相關的理論指導,有助于跨文化教育和培訓效果的提升。 總體而言,本研究將范式視角應用于跨文化適應理論的系統(tǒng)梳理和反思在跨文化交際領域尚屬首次,是跨文化交際理論研究的新視角；宏觀、中觀、微觀相結(jié)合的分析框架,逐層遞進、有機結(jié)合,是深化跨文化適應理論研究的新框架；對跨文化適應理論的系統(tǒng)梳理和反思是跨學科綜合研究的有益嘗試。這些都是本研究的創(chuàng)新所在。
[Abstract]:Research on the cross cultural adaptation is the anthropology, sociology, psychology, intersection of intercultural communication and many other fields of interest. Since the last century in 30s, various disciplines of cross cultural adaptation study has achieved fruitful results. However, relatively few theoretical studies of cross cultural adaptation, and the theoretical research is focused on the theory of construction test, revision, review and reflection of the theory of the system is relatively small. Based on this, based on the Kuhn paradigm theory as the theoretical foundation, trying to break through the boundaries of disciplines, systematically combing the existing cross-cultural adaptation theory, and the essence of similarities and differences between the theory of reflection, with the development of clear cross cultural adaptation theory, grasp the development direction of cross cultural adaptation theory in the future.
Applicability of two aspects of this study from the intrinsic rationality and practice possibility is demonstrated in detail application of paradigm theory in social science research, and the concept of "paradigm" of adaptive remodeling, which is the theoretical foundation of cross-cultural adaptation. Then, this study from the macro, meso and micro three levels respectively the main theoretical research paradigm of cross-cultural adaptation, cross-cultural adaptation theory and cross-cultural adaptation case analysis. On the macro level, the research paradigm of classification method according to the field of social science and the field of intercultural communication, cross-cultural adaptation combined with theoretical research and academic background of cross-cultural adaptation of the essence of the distinction between the main guidance of cross cultural adaptation the paradigm theory research: positivism, critical theory and constructivism paradigm and the paradigm of ontology, epistemology, methodology of false A study on the level of analysis. Mainly adopts the literature research method. The meso level, this study introduces to positivism, theory of cross cultural critique theory paradigm and constructivist paradigm to guide adaptation. At the same time, the research level analysis method and strategy to adopt content analysis, taking the typical theories the paradigm of focusing on the detailed analysis of the theory, concepts and relations, and the construction / inspection method features, so as to reveal the basic assumptions behind the theory paradigm. On the micro level, based on the analysis of macro and meso analysis on using the comparative research method, further comparison of positivism, critical theory paradigm construction from the perspective of case adaptation paradigm on the same cross culture, cross cultural adaptation so as to reveal the advantages and limitations of the main paradigm of theoretical research, pointed out the theory The direction of development is macroscopical, meso and micro. The three levels should be progressively integrated and organically combined. Not only can we sort out and reflect the existing theories of intercultural adaptation from the perspective of abstract paradigm, grasp the essential similarities and differences between theories, and make the difference between abstract paradigms materialized.
Based on the above research, we draw the main points and conclusions include: (1) the Kuhn paradigm theory has applied to the cross-cultural adaptation theory of rationality and possibility; (2) the cross-cultural adaptation theory research by positivism, critical theory paradigm and constructivist paradigm guide; (3) the paradigm of ontology the theory of knowledge, methodology, basic assumptions influence and determine the goal of the theory, concepts and relations, and the construction / inspection method features, basic assumptions and features of the embodiment of theory paradigm; (4) the main paradigm of cross-cultural adaptation theory is pluralistic and complementary, and the use of commensurability is not balanced the characteristics of the multi paradigm, complementarity, commensurability will help us on the cross cultural adaptation of the comprehensive and in-depth understanding, and the imbalance of the paradigm could be a hindrance to the cross cultural adaptation A comprehensive and in-depth understanding; (5) the development and improvement of intercultural adaptation theory need to cultivate paradigm consciousness, observe the contextual nature of intercultural adaptation, pay attention to intersubjectivity of intercultural adaptation, and embrace more paradigms in an open manner.
This study from the perspective of paradigm research and reflection of the theory of cross-cultural adaptation has important theoretical significance and practical significance. Theoretically, this research not only examines the cross-cultural adaptation theory development from a broader perspective and helps to grasp the nature of similarities and differences between theories, but also break the cross-cultural adaptation theory, research help, dialogue and cooperation between disciplines; not only provides examples for the applicability of the theory of paradigm in social science research, and other related research in the field of intercultural communication is of great significance. In practice, this study not only provides theoretical guidance for improving the global society of floating population that helps to enhance cross-cultural adaptation ability and different cultural harmony of their members, but also provides the theoretical guidance for cultural education and training, to help Yu Kua The promotion of cultural education and training.
鎬諱綋鑰岃█,鏈爺絀跺皢鑼冨紡瑙嗚搴旂敤浜庤法鏂囧寲閫傚簲鐞嗚鐨勭郴緇熸⒊鐞嗗拰鍙嶆，

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