本文關(guān)鍵詞： 自我突顯 視覺(jué)選擇 注意 整體優(yōu)先 自我連接學(xué)習(xí) ERP fMRI　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：已有大量研究表明個(gè)人重要信息調(diào)控高級(jí)認(rèn)知加工過(guò)程,如面孔識(shí)別、記憶、思維等。本研究利用四個(gè)研究系統(tǒng)地測(cè)量了個(gè)人重要信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控作用及其神經(jīng)機(jī)制。研究采用最近發(fā)展的自我連接學(xué)習(xí)范式,讓中性幾何圖形與不同人(自我、朋友、陌生人)建立聯(lián)系;圖形-標(biāo)簽連接完成后,以復(fù)合圖形(局部小圖形組成整體大圖形)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激,被試完成整體/局部圖形判斷任務(wù),通過(guò)評(píng)估個(gè)體對(duì)具有不同社會(huì)意義圖形(目標(biāo)vs.分心物水平)的感知差異,測(cè)量個(gè)人重要信息對(duì)注意選擇的調(diào)控作用。 研究一采用三個(gè)行為實(shí)驗(yàn),分別利用集中注意或分散注意任務(wù),系統(tǒng)地考察自我相關(guān)信息作為目標(biāo)和作為分心物兩種條件下,其對(duì)整體優(yōu)先效應(yīng)的調(diào)控。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與他人相關(guān)圖形相比,自我相關(guān)圖形作為分心物調(diào)控整體優(yōu)先效應(yīng),這種效應(yīng)一致地發(fā)生在整體和局部水平上,并且不受注意任務(wù)的影響。這些行為結(jié)果提示社會(huì)信息對(duì)認(rèn)知的調(diào)控作用發(fā)生在早期視覺(jué)選擇水平上。 研究二采用兩個(gè)行為實(shí)驗(yàn),直接比較自我相關(guān)信息在兩個(gè)不同注意任務(wù)下對(duì)整體優(yōu)先效應(yīng)的調(diào)控作用的差異（集中注意和分散注意作為被試間變量）。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)社會(huì)信息作為分心物出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,自我相關(guān)信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控在分散注意任務(wù)大于集中注意任務(wù)條件。結(jié)果表明社會(huì)信息對(duì)注意策略的調(diào)控作用。 研究三利用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù),結(jié)合自我相關(guān)信息在分散注意任務(wù)產(chǎn)生較大調(diào)控作用的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，考察這種效應(yīng)是否發(fā)生在知覺(jué)選擇的早期階段。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在分散注意任務(wù)中，，當(dāng)社會(huì)信息作為分心物的時(shí)候,與前人研究一致：整體與局部水平的加工差異發(fā)生在P1和N1早成分上,而自我對(duì)整體/局部加工的調(diào)控發(fā)生主要發(fā)生在N1成分上。這表明自我相關(guān)信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控發(fā)生在視覺(jué)早期感知加工過(guò)程中。 研究四采用功能性核磁共振(fMRI)方法記錄在分散注意條件下,自我相關(guān)信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)自我信息作為分心物出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉（自我加工腦區(qū)）的激活大于朋友作為分心物的時(shí)候；朋友作為分心物出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,加工整體與加工局部水平引起左側(cè)頂內(nèi)溝（注意加工腦區(qū)）活動(dòng)的差異,而并未在自我作為分心物的條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)；自我作為目標(biāo)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,比朋友作為目標(biāo)的條件下引發(fā)右側(cè)頂內(nèi)溝更高的激活。結(jié)果表明,自我相關(guān)信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控受到自我相關(guān)的神經(jīng)機(jī)制——內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮層以及對(duì)突顯信息注意機(jī)制——雙側(cè)頂內(nèi)溝的調(diào)節(jié)。綜上所述,研究采用四個(gè)研究七個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)分別從行為,腦電,以及fMRI三個(gè)方面考察自我相關(guān)信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果表明自我相關(guān)信息能夠?qū)χX(jué)選擇起到調(diào)控的作用。并且自我相關(guān)信息對(duì)知覺(jué)選擇的調(diào)控在集中與分散兩種注意方式上類似,但是在分散注意中影響程度更大。這一調(diào)控過(guò)程發(fā)生在初級(jí)感知階段,并且受到自我網(wǎng)絡(luò)和注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)的雙重調(diào)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:There have been many studies show that important information regulation of individual high-level cognitive processes, such as face recognition, memory, thinking and so on. Four research system to measure the important personal information on the regulation effect and the neural mechanism of perceptual choice. The study by the recent development of self connected learning paradigm, to neutral geometry and different (self, friends, strangers) to establish contact; graphic label attached, with composite graphics (local pattern composed of the overall graphics) as experimental stimuli, subjects completed the overall / local graphics judgment task, through the evaluation of individuals with different social significance of graphics (vs. target distractor level) the differences in perception, measurement personal information that is important to pay attention to the regulation of choice.
A study by three behavioral experiments were used to focus on tasks or distracted, systematic study of self relevant information as the target and distractor as two kinds of conditions, the regulation of the global precedence effect. Results showed that, compared with other related graphics, self related graphics as distractors the overall regulation of the precedence effect, this the same effect occurs in the global and local levels, and will not be influenced by attention tasks. These results suggest that regulation of social behavior information on cognition may occur in the early stage of visual selection level.
Study two used two experiments, differences between the direct comparison of regulation of self relevant information on the overall effect of priority in two different tasks under the attention (focused attention and divided attention as between subjects variables). The results showed that when the information society appears as a distraction, self relevant information on the regulation of perceptual choice in the distraction task than attention task conditions. The results show that social information on attention regulation strategy.
Study three using event-related potentials, combined with the results of self relevant information have a greater role in the task of distraction, examine whether this effect occurs in the early stage of perceptual selection. The results showed that in the distraction task, when social information as distractors, consistent with previous studies: processing differences between global and local the level of P1 and N1 occurred in the early component, and the self regulation of the global / local processing has occurred mainly in N1 components. This indicates that self relevant information on the regulation of perceptual selection occurred in the early stage of visual perception in the process.
Study four used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method for recording in the distraction conditions, changes of self relevant information on the regulation of the perception of brain activity. The results showed that when the self information appears as a distraction, the medial prefrontal cortex (self processing brain) activation is greater than a friend as a distraction when the time; friends appear as distractor, processing and processing the overall local level caused by the left intraparietal sulcus (attention processing brain regions) the differences in activity but not in self as distractor conditions found; self as target appears, than friends as a target under the condition of activation triggered by the right intraparietal sulcus is higher. The results show that the self relevant information, the medial prefrontal cortex and the salient information attention mechanism -- bilateral intraparietal sulcus on the regulation of perceptual selection by self related neural mechanisms Section. To sum up, all of the four of seven experiments respectively from the behavior, EEG, and fMRI on the three self relevant information on the regulation of perceptual selection. The results show that the self relevant information to the regulatory function of perceptual choice. And self related information on the perception of choice in the regulation of concentration and dispersion two attention on similar, but in the distraction of a greater degree. In the regulation process occurs in the primary stage of perception, and by self dual regulation network and attention network.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.2

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