2006-2015年國(guó)內(nèi)外水稻育種科技產(chǎn)出比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-10 07:41
【摘要】：水稻是我國(guó)重要的糧食作物,其品種選育和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和糧食安全具有深遠(yuǎn)影響。過去十年間我國(guó)水稻育種科技大力發(fā)展、成果豐碩,對(duì)主要科技產(chǎn)出進(jìn)行總結(jié),客觀評(píng)價(jià)我國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)研究能力和創(chuàng)新能力具有重要意義。目前針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外水稻育種研究領(lǐng)域科技產(chǎn)出的綜合評(píng)價(jià)較少。為了揭示中國(guó)水稻育種在國(guó)際大格局中的地位和影響力、分析中國(guó)目前在世界水稻育種技術(shù)發(fā)展中具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足,本研究以科技論文、專利、品種權(quán)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)2006-2015年間國(guó)內(nèi)外水稻育種基礎(chǔ)研究能力和創(chuàng)新能力進(jìn)行比較,得出以下結(jié)論：過去十年我國(guó)水稻育種科技產(chǎn)出總量躍居世界第一,該領(lǐng)域有41%的影響因子大于等于4.0的SCI論文(總量2434件)、68.02%的發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)(總量3734件)來自中國(guó),國(guó)內(nèi)申請(qǐng)水稻品種權(quán)3264件,超過日本、歐盟和美國(guó)等國(guó)家和地區(qū)。過去十年間我國(guó)水稻育種科技發(fā)展迅速,年度論文發(fā)表數(shù)量、專利品種權(quán)申請(qǐng)量大幅增長(zhǎng),論文年度發(fā)文量超過150件、專利、品種權(quán)年度申請(qǐng)量分別在400件以上,領(lǐng)先世界其他國(guó)家且優(yōu)勢(shì)日益擴(kuò)大。中國(guó)研究機(jī)構(gòu)和科學(xué)家在水稻育種研究領(lǐng)域占踞主導(dǎo)地位,在全球論文發(fā)文機(jī)構(gòu)和作者排名中、專利申請(qǐng)機(jī)構(gòu)和發(fā)明人排名中都具有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),其中中國(guó)科學(xué)院、華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)等機(jī)構(gòu)在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)勢(shì)中還表現(xiàn)出技術(shù)上的領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)。但另一方面,過去十年里我國(guó)水稻育種科技產(chǎn)出的整體質(zhì)量不高,論文影響力處于中下游水平,專利授權(quán)率和有效率均略低于全球平均水平,專利強(qiáng)度整體水平較低,88.39%的專利強(qiáng)度低于1,品種權(quán)存在授權(quán)審查周期長(zhǎng)、授權(quán)率低、有效率低等問題,和美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)有較大差距。同時(shí)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)高水平成果較少,雖然我國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域高水平科研領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)躋身世界前列,但世界頂尖級(jí)科研論文數(shù)量仍較少,缺乏高質(zhì)量專利、核心專利,與代表世界領(lǐng)先水平的美國(guó)差距巨大。我國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域與多個(gè)國(guó)家和研究機(jī)構(gòu)展開了廣泛的國(guó)際合作,發(fā)表的論文中54.61%的論文具有國(guó)際合作背景,國(guó)內(nèi)高校和科研院所、各個(gè)科學(xué)家之間也合作頻繁。此外,我國(guó)水稻育種技術(shù)領(lǐng)域主要分布在基因工程技術(shù)、雜交水稻育種技術(shù)和分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇育種技術(shù)三個(gè)方面。針對(duì)水稻育種技術(shù)研究領(lǐng)域我國(guó)目前的發(fā)展水平和國(guó)際地位,為推進(jìn)學(xué)科建設(shè)、提升創(chuàng)新能力、促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展,本研究提出以下建議：1.研究建立以創(chuàng)新和質(zhì)量為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)科研評(píng)價(jià)體系,將評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)從研究成果數(shù)量轉(zhuǎn)向研究質(zhì)量、原創(chuàng)價(jià)值和實(shí)際貢獻(xiàn)。2.完善科研體系,優(yōu)化學(xué)科建設(shè)的資源配置。3.提升專利、品種權(quán)質(zhì)量和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化。4.激發(fā)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新動(dòng)力,加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研協(xié)同創(chuàng)新。5.加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作和交流,提升科研創(chuàng)新能力。
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in China, and its variety breeding and industrial development have a profound impact on China's national economy and food security. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed vigorously and achieved fruitful results. It is of great significance to summarize the main scientific and technological outputs and objectively evaluate the basic research ability and innovation ability of our country in this field. At present, the comprehensive evaluation of scientific and technological output in the field of rice breeding at home and abroad is less. In order to reveal the position and influence of Chinese rice breeding in the international pattern, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of China in the development of rice breeding technology in the world, this study takes scientific and technological papers, patents and variety rights as the research object. This paper compares the basic research ability and innovation ability of rice breeding at home and abroad in 2006 / 2015, and draws the following conclusions: in the past ten years, the total scientific and technological output of rice breeding in China has leapt to the first in the world. In this field, 41 per cent of SCI papers with an impact factor greater than or equal to 4.0 (a total of 2434), 68.02 per cent of invention patent applications (a total of 3734) came from China, and 3264 domestic rice variety rights were applied for, surpassing Japan. The European Union and the United States and other countries and regions. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed rapidly. The number of annual papers published and the number of applications for patent variety rights have greatly increased. The annual number of papers issued is more than 150, and the number of annual applications for patents and variety rights is more than 400, respectively. Leading the rest of the world and expanding its advantage. Chinese research institutions and scientists occupy a dominant position in the field of rice breeding research. in the global ranking of thesis publishing institutions and authors, patent applicants and inventors have absolute advantages in the ranking of patent applicants and inventors. Huazhong Agricultural University and other institutions also show technical leadership in the global competitive situation. On the other hand, in the past ten years, the overall quality of rice breeding science and technology output in China is not high, the influence of this paper is in the middle and lower reaches, the patent authorization rate and efficiency are slightly lower than the global average level, and the overall level of patent intensity is low. 88.39% of the patent intensity is less than 1. There are some problems in variety right, such as long authorization review cycle, low authorization rate, low efficiency and so on, which is quite different from that of the United States, Japan and other countries. At the same time, there are few high-level achievements in the field. although China is already in the forefront of the world in the field of high-level scientific research in this field, the number of top scientific research papers in the world is still relatively small, lacking of high-quality patents and core patents. There is a huge gap with the United States, which represents the world's leading level. China has carried out extensive international cooperation with many countries and research institutions in this field. 54.61% of the papers published have the background of international cooperation, and domestic universities and scientific research institutes also cooperate frequently with each other. In addition, the field of rice breeding technology in China is mainly distributed in three aspects: genetic engineering technology, hybrid rice breeding technology and molecular marker assisted selection breeding technology. In view of the current development level and international position in the field of rice breeding technology research, in order to promote the discipline construction, enhance the innovation ability and promote the industrialization development, this study puts forward the following suggestions: 1. The research establishes an agricultural scientific research evaluation system guided by innovation and quality, and changes the emphasis of evaluation from the quantity of research results to the quality of research, original value and practical contribution. 2. Perfecting the scientific research system and optimizing the resource allocation of discipline construction. 3. Improve the quality and competitiveness of patents, variety rights, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. 4. Stimulate the motivation of enterprise innovation and strengthen the collaborative innovation of industry, university and research. 5. We will strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and enhance the ability of scientific research and innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S511
本文編號(hào)：2473463
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in China, and its variety breeding and industrial development have a profound impact on China's national economy and food security. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed vigorously and achieved fruitful results. It is of great significance to summarize the main scientific and technological outputs and objectively evaluate the basic research ability and innovation ability of our country in this field. At present, the comprehensive evaluation of scientific and technological output in the field of rice breeding at home and abroad is less. In order to reveal the position and influence of Chinese rice breeding in the international pattern, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of China in the development of rice breeding technology in the world, this study takes scientific and technological papers, patents and variety rights as the research object. This paper compares the basic research ability and innovation ability of rice breeding at home and abroad in 2006 / 2015, and draws the following conclusions: in the past ten years, the total scientific and technological output of rice breeding in China has leapt to the first in the world. In this field, 41 per cent of SCI papers with an impact factor greater than or equal to 4.0 (a total of 2434), 68.02 per cent of invention patent applications (a total of 3734) came from China, and 3264 domestic rice variety rights were applied for, surpassing Japan. The European Union and the United States and other countries and regions. In the past ten years, the science and technology of rice breeding in China has developed rapidly. The number of annual papers published and the number of applications for patent variety rights have greatly increased. The annual number of papers issued is more than 150, and the number of annual applications for patents and variety rights is more than 400, respectively. Leading the rest of the world and expanding its advantage. Chinese research institutions and scientists occupy a dominant position in the field of rice breeding research. in the global ranking of thesis publishing institutions and authors, patent applicants and inventors have absolute advantages in the ranking of patent applicants and inventors. Huazhong Agricultural University and other institutions also show technical leadership in the global competitive situation. On the other hand, in the past ten years, the overall quality of rice breeding science and technology output in China is not high, the influence of this paper is in the middle and lower reaches, the patent authorization rate and efficiency are slightly lower than the global average level, and the overall level of patent intensity is low. 88.39% of the patent intensity is less than 1. There are some problems in variety right, such as long authorization review cycle, low authorization rate, low efficiency and so on, which is quite different from that of the United States, Japan and other countries. At the same time, there are few high-level achievements in the field. although China is already in the forefront of the world in the field of high-level scientific research in this field, the number of top scientific research papers in the world is still relatively small, lacking of high-quality patents and core patents. There is a huge gap with the United States, which represents the world's leading level. China has carried out extensive international cooperation with many countries and research institutions in this field. 54.61% of the papers published have the background of international cooperation, and domestic universities and scientific research institutes also cooperate frequently with each other. In addition, the field of rice breeding technology in China is mainly distributed in three aspects: genetic engineering technology, hybrid rice breeding technology and molecular marker assisted selection breeding technology. In view of the current development level and international position in the field of rice breeding technology research, in order to promote the discipline construction, enhance the innovation ability and promote the industrialization development, this study puts forward the following suggestions: 1. The research establishes an agricultural scientific research evaluation system guided by innovation and quality, and changes the emphasis of evaluation from the quantity of research results to the quality of research, original value and practical contribution. 2. Perfecting the scientific research system and optimizing the resource allocation of discipline construction. 3. Improve the quality and competitiveness of patents, variety rights, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. 4. Stimulate the motivation of enterprise innovation and strengthen the collaborative innovation of industry, university and research. 5. We will strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and enhance the ability of scientific research and innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S511
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