【摘要】：人工光型植物工廠是設施園藝工程技術的一次革命性技術變革,是解決我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全問題、提高設施生產(chǎn)效益、實現(xiàn)清潔高效生產(chǎn)的一個解決方案。LED光源以其節(jié)能高效和光譜可調等優(yōu)勢作為熒光燈的替代光源成為近10年來的研發(fā)熱點。盡管日本已有200多棟商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的人工光型植物工廠,但其中一半仍處于虧本或持平狀態(tài),很多人將其歸結為能耗高和效益低造成的。本課題著眼于水培生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)生產(chǎn)的LED光環(huán)境調控和 SPA技術應用(Speaking Plant Approach to environment control),試圖利用基于光合模擬的葉菜植物反饋環(huán)控技術來提高人工光型植物工廠的技術效益,并有效地降低系統(tǒng)能耗。圍繞上述研究目標,本論文以水培紫葉生菜(cv.Ziwei)生產(chǎn)為例,通過LED光環(huán)境和溫光環(huán)境對水培生菜生長發(fā)育與品質形成的影響試驗,構建環(huán)境光合模型以探索水培生菜的智能反饋環(huán)控技術,從而為人工光型植物工廠的SPA技術應用提供理論依據(jù)和技術支持。本研究的主要結果和結論如下:1)通過光環(huán)境對水培生菜生長發(fā)育與品質形成的影響試驗發(fā)現(xiàn):水培生菜的生物量積累隨著日累積光照量的增加而線性增長;在光照周期為16h·d~(-1)和光照強度為250或300μmol·m2·s~(-1)光環(huán)境下培育16天的地上部鮮重、硝酸鹽含量、可溶性糖含量、及維生素C含量的差異不顯著,但其地上部干重卻有顯著性差異,這由采收前2天進行的凈光合速率的連續(xù)測量也可佐證;R:B為2.2的LED光環(huán)境下的生菜品質明顯優(yōu)于R:B為1.2和1.8的LED和熒光燈下的,且LED光環(huán)境下的光能利用效率和電能利用效率顯著優(yōu)于熒光燈。因此,水培紫葉生菜的人工光生產(chǎn)建議在其栽培階段采用R:B為2.2的LED光源,并將其光環(huán)境調控在光照強度為250μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和光照周期為16h·d~(-1)為宜。2)通過溫光環(huán)境對水培生菜的生長影響試驗發(fā)現(xiàn):明期/暗期溫度為22/18℃、光照強度為250 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)下培育的水培生菜的地上部鮮重最大,單株鮮重均超過100 g,達到了該品種的最大商品化生物量;該實驗區(qū)的Vc、可溶性糖、及可溶性蛋白含量與光照強度為300 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)下培育的無顯著性差異;T26-P300和T22-P250實驗區(qū)培育的地上部干重顯著高于相同光照強度和其他溫度處理實驗區(qū)的。因此,明期/暗期溫度為22/18℃和光照強度為250 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)適于水培紫葉生菜的人工光生產(chǎn)。3)通過水培生菜的光合作用對光照強度、CO_2濃度和溫度條件的環(huán)境響應模型模擬與實測驗證可知:直角雙曲線修正模型在光響應曲線和CO_2響應曲線的模型擬合、光合參數(shù)計算以及光合生理現(xiàn)象解釋方面具有良好的適應性;與光照強度為300 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的實驗區(qū)對比,光照強度為250 μmol·~(-2)·s~(-1)實驗區(qū)下培育的水培生菜具有最大的光能利用效率,約為0.052-0.055。本論文構建的水培生菜環(huán)境光合模型在模擬復合環(huán)境的凈光合速率響應效果良好。因此,基于光合模型模擬進行水培生菜全生育期的環(huán)境反饋控制是可行的,這將有助于提高人工光型植物工廠的技術效益。但是,由于本課題研究時間的限制未能開展實證實驗,今后還需進行深入研究與驗證才可能將其推向技術應用。
[Abstract]:The artificial light-type plant is a revolutionary technological change of the plant and garden engineering technology, which is a solution to solve the problem of the safety of the agricultural products in China, to improve the production efficiency of the facilities and to realize the clean and efficient production. the LED light source has the advantages of energy-saving, high-efficiency and spectrum-adjustable as an alternative light source of the fluorescent lamp as the research and development hot spot in the last 10 years. Although more than 200 commercial-produced plant plants have been commercialized in Japan, half of them are still at a loss or in a flat state, many of which are attributed to high energy consumption and low efficiency. This paper focuses on the LED light environment control and SPA technology application in the production of Lactia saativa L., and tries to improve the technical benefit of the artificial light-type plant factory by using the leaf-vegetable feedback loop control technology based on the photosynthetic simulation, and effectively reduce the energy consumption of the system. In order to explore the intelligent feedback loop control technology of water-culture lettuce, the effects of the light environment and the temperature-light environment on the growth and the quality of the lettuce (cv. Ziwei) were studied. The effects of the light environment and the temperature and light environment on the growth and the quality of the lettuce were studied. so as to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the application of the SPA technology of the artificial light-type plant factory. The main results and conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) The effect of the light environment on the growth and the quality of the lettuce is found: the biomass accumulation of the lettuce is increased linearly with the increase of the daily cumulative amount of light; The fresh weight, nitrate content, soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of the above-ground part were not significant in the light environment of 16h 路 d ~ (-1) and light intensity of 250 or 300 & mu; mol 路 m2 路 s ~ (-1) under the light environment, but there was no significant difference between the dry weight of the ground and the dry weight of the ground. The continuous measurement of net photosynthetic rate was also supported by the two days before harvesting. The quality of the lettuce under the LED light environment with the ratio of R: B is 2. 2 is better than that of the LED and the fluorescent lamp with the ratio of 1. 2 and 1. 8 in the LED light environment, and the light energy utilization efficiency and the electric energy utilization efficiency in the LED light environment are obviously superior to the fluorescent lamp. Therefore, the artificial light production of the lettuce is suggested to adopt the LED light source with the light intensity of 250. m ~ (-2) 路 s ~ (-1) and the light period of 16h 路 d ~ (-1). the fresh weight of the ground part of the water-culture lettuce cultivated under the light intensity of 250 & mu; mol 路 m ~ (-2) 路 s ~ (-1) is the largest, the fresh weight of the single plant is more than 100g, and the maximum commercial biomass of the variety is achieved; and the Vc and the soluble sugar in the experimental area, and the dry weight of the ground part cultured in the T26-P300 and T22-P250 experimental areas is significantly higher than that of the same illumination intensity and other temperature treatment experimental areas. Therefore, the light intensity, CO _ 2 concentration and the temperature condition were simulated and verified by the photosynthesis of the lettuce with the light intensity, the concentration of CO _ 2 and the temperature. the right-angle hyperbola correction model has good adaptability in the model fitting of the light response curve and the CO _ 2 response curve, the calculation of the photosynthetic parameters and the interpretation of the photosynthetic physiological phenomenon; and the right-angle hyperbolic correction model is compared with the experimental area with the illumination intensity of 300 & mu; mol 路 m ~ (-2) 路 s ~ (-1). With the light intensity of 250 & mu; mol 路 ~ (-2) 路 s ~ (-1), the water-cultured lettuce has the largest light energy utilization efficiency, and it is about 0.052-0.055. The photosynthetic model of the water-culture lettuce in this paper is good in the net photosynthetic rate response of the simulated composite environment. Therefore, it is feasible to control the environmental feedback of the whole growth period of the lettuce based on the photosynthetic model, which will help to improve the technical benefit of the artificial light-type plant. However, due to the limitation of the research time of the subject, it is not possible to carry out the empirical experiment, and it is possible to push the research and verification to the technical application in the future.
【學位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S636.2

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本文編號：2388661