二化螟寄主種群分化及其交配節(jié)律差異產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源機(jī)制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-17 18:23
【摘要】：同域物種形成是物種形成的基本方式之一,同域物種形成過(guò)程中的生殖隔離機(jī)制一直是進(jìn)化生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。二化螟Chilo suppressalis嚴(yán)重危害水稻和茭白等禾本科植物,有學(xué)者認(rèn)為二化螟已經(jīng)分化為水稻和茭白寄主種群,處于同域物種形成的早期階段。交配節(jié)律差異可能是導(dǎo)致二化螟寄主種群間交配前生殖隔離的重要因素之一。然而,目前仍然缺乏證據(jù)證實(shí)交配節(jié)律差異在二化螟水稻和茭白種群間生殖隔離中的作用,不清楚種群間交配節(jié)律差異產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源機(jī)制。本研究以二化螟水稻和茭白種群為材料,研究了寄主植物對(duì)二化螟寄主種群生物學(xué)特征及交配節(jié)律的影響,驗(yàn)證了二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律的遺傳模式,明確了二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律差異在種群間生殖隔離中的作用,探索了二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律差異的內(nèi)源機(jī)制。主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:1.寄主植物對(duì)二化螟寄主種群生物學(xué)特征及交配節(jié)律的影響通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)換寄主實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了寄主植物對(duì)二化螟幼蟲存活率、幼蟲發(fā)育歷期、3日齡蛹重、成蟲前翅長(zhǎng)、交配節(jié)律等表型的影響。結(jié)果顯示,寄主植物顯著影響二化螟水稻和茭白種群的幼蟲存活率、幼蟲發(fā)育歷期、3日齡蛹重、成蟲前翅長(zhǎng)等生物學(xué)指標(biāo),但不影響二化螟成蟲的交配節(jié)律。研究結(jié)果證實(shí)二化螟已經(jīng)分化為水稻和茭白寄主種群,水稻和茭白種群特有交配節(jié)律是長(zhǎng)期適應(yīng)進(jìn)化形成的可穩(wěn)定遺傳的表型。2.二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律的遺傳模式通過(guò)二化螟水稻和茭白種群的種群間雜交、雜交代與親本種群的回交實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了二化螟交配節(jié)律的遺傳模式,分析了兩種群控制交配節(jié)律的等位基因的顯隱性關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,二化螟水稻和茭白種群正交及反交獲得的F1代與水稻種群進(jìn)行回交時(shí),交配節(jié)律與兩親本種群交配節(jié)律的存在顯著差異;與茭白種群進(jìn)行回交時(shí),交配節(jié)律與茭白種群的交配節(jié)律一致。F1代的母本及父本的種群來(lái)源均顯著影響F1代成蟲的交配節(jié)律。研究結(jié)果支持二化螟交配節(jié)律受到常染色體上的多基因控制,表明茭白種群控制交配節(jié)律的常染色體上的等位基因?qū)λ痉N群的等位基因具有顯性作用。3.二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律差異在種群間生殖隔離中的作用在不同光周期條件下,進(jìn)行種群間的成蟲交配選擇實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了交配節(jié)律差異在種群間生殖隔離中的作用。結(jié)果顯示,兩種群交配節(jié)律存在差異時(shí),二化螟水稻和茭白種群間無(wú)選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)、雌蟲選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)、雄蟲選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)及多選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)中,種群間的隔離指數(shù)IPSI均顯著大于隨機(jī)交配條件下隔離指數(shù)值(IPSI=0);交配高峰時(shí),不同交配選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)中,種群間的隔離指數(shù)IPSI分別為與隨機(jī)交配條件下隔離指數(shù)值(IPSI=0)相比均無(wú)顯著差異,即種群間的生殖隔離水平降低,種群間接近隨機(jī)交配。研究結(jié)果明確了二化螟水稻和茭白種群成蟲交配節(jié)律差異是導(dǎo)致種群間部分生殖隔離的重要因素。4.二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律差異產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源機(jī)制研究通過(guò)觀察二化螟雌蟲的求偶行為,檢測(cè)了雌蟲求偶時(shí)性腺中的性信息素滴度及性信息素生物合成基因表達(dá)量,分析了種群間交配節(jié)律產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源機(jī)制。結(jié)果顯示,二化螟水稻和茭白種群雌蟲性信息素組分Z11-16Ald滴度及暗期變化節(jié)律存在明顯差異,而Z9-16Ald及Z13-18Ald的含量很低,暗期沒(méi)有明顯的滴度變化節(jié)律�；诙鴥煞N群雌蟲性腺轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序結(jié)果,鑒定了可能參與性信息素合成的基因,包括2個(gè)脂酶(Lipase1、Lipase2)、2個(gè)脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(FATP1、FATP2)、2個(gè)去飽和酶(DES1、DES7)、1個(gè)乙酰輔酶A脫氫酶(ACD1)、3個(gè)長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸延長(zhǎng)酶(ELO1、ELO6、ELO7)、2個(gè)醛酮還原酶(ALR1、ALR2)。兩種群雌蟲性腺中上述基因的表達(dá)量存在顯著差異。qRT-PCR驗(yàn)證了Lipase2、FATP2、ACD1、ELO1在性腺中的表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示,水稻種群這4個(gè)基因的表達(dá)量均比茭白種群高。研究結(jié)果表明二化螟水稻和茭白種群雌蟲性信息素滴度變化節(jié)律及性信息素合成相關(guān)基因表達(dá)節(jié)律均存在差異,暗示了種群間交配節(jié)律差異的內(nèi)源生理及分子機(jī)制。本研究表明,二化螟已經(jīng)分化為水稻和茭白寄主種群,兩種群成蟲特有交配節(jié)律是長(zhǎng)期適應(yīng)不同寄主植物后形成的可穩(wěn)定遺傳表型,兩種群控制交配節(jié)律的遺傳因子存在差異,種群間交配節(jié)律差異是導(dǎo)致種群間生殖隔離的重要因子,種群間雌蟲的性信息素生物合成節(jié)律差異是種群間交配節(jié)律差異產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源機(jī)制。研究結(jié)果不僅為深入研究二化螟水稻和茭白種群交配節(jié)律差異產(chǎn)生的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制提供了數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái),也為揭示同域物種形成過(guò)程中交配前生殖隔離機(jī)制提供了新證據(jù),還為應(yīng)用燈光誘殺及性信息素誘捕技術(shù)綜合防治二化螟提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The formation of the same domain species is one of the basic forms of species formation, and the isolation mechanism in the process of formation of the same domain species has been a hot topic in the field of evolutionary biology. In the early stage of the formation of the same domain species, the dicotyledonous plants have been divided into rice and white-white host populations. The difference of mating rhythm may be one of the important factors leading to the isolation between the two host populations before mating. However, there is still a lack of evidence to demonstrate the role of mating rhythm differences in the isolation between two species of rice and white-white populations, and there is no clear understanding of the endogenous mechanism of the difference in mating rhythm among populations. The effects of plant species on the biological characteristics and mating rhythm of the host population were studied. The genetic patterns of the mating rhythm of the two species of rice and dicotyledonous species were verified. In this paper, the difference of mating rhythm between two species of rice and the white-white population is defined, and the endogenous mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm between the two species of rice and the white-white population is explored. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The effects of dicotyledonous plants on the biological characteristics and mating rhythm of two species of host population were studied by means of transformation host experiment. The effects of dicotyledonous plants on the survival rate, larval development calendar period, 3rd day pupal weight, adult prefin length, mating rhythm, etc. were studied. The results showed that the larval survival rate, larval development calendar period, 3rd day pupal weight, adult prefin length and other biological indexes were significantly affected by dicotyledonous plants, but it did not affect the mating rhythm of adult imago. The results of the study confirmed that the unique mating rhythm of two species of rice and white-white host population, rice and white-white population was a stable genetic phenotype of long-term adaptation to evolution. The genetic model of the mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice and the two-year-old white population was tested by the backcross experiment between the two hybrid rice and the wild-white population, and the genetic pattern of the mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice was verified. The recessive relationship between the alleles of two groups of control mating rhythm was analyzed. The results showed that the mating rhythm and the mating rhythm of the two parent populations were significantly different when the F1 generation and the rice population obtained by orthogonal and anti-crossing were crossed with the rice population, and the mating rhythm was consistent with the mating rhythm of the wild white population in the backcross between the two parents. The population source of F1 generation female parent and male parent significantly affected the mating rhythm of F1 generation adult. The results of the study show that the mating rhythm is controlled by multiple genes on the normal chromosome, indicating that the allele of the normal chromosome in the control of mating rhythm has a dominant effect on the allele of the rice population. The difference of mating rhythm among the two species of rice and the white population in the interpopulation was studied under different conditions under different conditions, and the effect of the difference of mating rhythm among populations was studied. The results showed that there was no difference in the mating rhythm of the two populations, there was no choice experiment between the two populations, the selection of female insects, the selection of males and the multi-selection experiment, the isolation index IPSI among the populations was significantly greater than the isolation index value (IPSI = 0) under the random mating conditions. During mating peak, the isolation index IPSI among populations showed no significant difference compared with the isolation index value (IPSI = 0) under the random mating condition. The results showed that the difference of mating rhythm between the two species of rice and the adult white population was an important factor contributing to the isolation of the interpopulations. The endogenous mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice and the white-white population was studied by observing the courtship behavior of the female and female worm, detecting the sex pheromone droplet degree and the expression amount of the sex pheromone biosynthesis gene in the gonad of the female worm, The endogenous mechanism of interspecies mating rhythm was analyzed. The results showed that Z11-16Ald and Z13-18Ald had a very low content of Z9-16Ald and Z13-18Ald, while Z9-16Ald and Z13-18Ald had a very low content. Based on the sequencing results of the gonadal transcription group of the two groups of females, the genes which might be involved in the synthesis of the participatory pheromone were identified, including 2 lipases (caspase 1, caspase 2), 2 fatty acid transporter (CDP1, KPP2), 2 desaturation enzymes (DES1, DES7), 1 coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACD1), 3 long-chain fatty acid elongases (ELO1, ELO6, ELO7), and 2 aldehyde ketoreductases (ALR1, ALR2). There was a significant difference in the expression of the above genes in the gonads of the two groups. qRT-PCR verified the expression of caspase-2, cyclin P2, ACD1 and ELO1 in gonad. The results showed that the expression of these four genes in rice populations was higher than that of the wild-white population. The results showed that there was a difference in the circadian rhythm and the expression rhythm of the sex pheromone in both the male and female populations, suggesting the endogenous physiological and molecular mechanism of the difference in the mating rhythm among the populations. The results showed that the mating rhythm of the two groups was a stable genetic phenotype after long-term adaptation to different plant species, and the two groups had different genetic factors to control the mating rhythm. The difference of mating rhythm among populations is an important factor which leads to the isolation between populations, and the difference of sex pheromone biosynthesis rhythm among populations is the endogenous mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm among populations. The results of the study provide a data platform not only for the further study of the molecular regulation mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice and the white-white population, but also provides new evidence for revealing the pre-mating isolation mechanism during the formation of the same domain species. It also provides scientific basis for the application of light trapping and sex pheromone trapping technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S433.4
[Abstract]:The formation of the same domain species is one of the basic forms of species formation, and the isolation mechanism in the process of formation of the same domain species has been a hot topic in the field of evolutionary biology. In the early stage of the formation of the same domain species, the dicotyledonous plants have been divided into rice and white-white host populations. The difference of mating rhythm may be one of the important factors leading to the isolation between the two host populations before mating. However, there is still a lack of evidence to demonstrate the role of mating rhythm differences in the isolation between two species of rice and white-white populations, and there is no clear understanding of the endogenous mechanism of the difference in mating rhythm among populations. The effects of plant species on the biological characteristics and mating rhythm of the host population were studied. The genetic patterns of the mating rhythm of the two species of rice and dicotyledonous species were verified. In this paper, the difference of mating rhythm between two species of rice and the white-white population is defined, and the endogenous mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm between the two species of rice and the white-white population is explored. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The effects of dicotyledonous plants on the biological characteristics and mating rhythm of two species of host population were studied by means of transformation host experiment. The effects of dicotyledonous plants on the survival rate, larval development calendar period, 3rd day pupal weight, adult prefin length, mating rhythm, etc. were studied. The results showed that the larval survival rate, larval development calendar period, 3rd day pupal weight, adult prefin length and other biological indexes were significantly affected by dicotyledonous plants, but it did not affect the mating rhythm of adult imago. The results of the study confirmed that the unique mating rhythm of two species of rice and white-white host population, rice and white-white population was a stable genetic phenotype of long-term adaptation to evolution. The genetic model of the mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice and the two-year-old white population was tested by the backcross experiment between the two hybrid rice and the wild-white population, and the genetic pattern of the mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice was verified. The recessive relationship between the alleles of two groups of control mating rhythm was analyzed. The results showed that the mating rhythm and the mating rhythm of the two parent populations were significantly different when the F1 generation and the rice population obtained by orthogonal and anti-crossing were crossed with the rice population, and the mating rhythm was consistent with the mating rhythm of the wild white population in the backcross between the two parents. The population source of F1 generation female parent and male parent significantly affected the mating rhythm of F1 generation adult. The results of the study show that the mating rhythm is controlled by multiple genes on the normal chromosome, indicating that the allele of the normal chromosome in the control of mating rhythm has a dominant effect on the allele of the rice population. The difference of mating rhythm among the two species of rice and the white population in the interpopulation was studied under different conditions under different conditions, and the effect of the difference of mating rhythm among populations was studied. The results showed that there was no difference in the mating rhythm of the two populations, there was no choice experiment between the two populations, the selection of female insects, the selection of males and the multi-selection experiment, the isolation index IPSI among the populations was significantly greater than the isolation index value (IPSI = 0) under the random mating conditions. During mating peak, the isolation index IPSI among populations showed no significant difference compared with the isolation index value (IPSI = 0) under the random mating condition. The results showed that the difference of mating rhythm between the two species of rice and the adult white population was an important factor contributing to the isolation of the interpopulations. The endogenous mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice and the white-white population was studied by observing the courtship behavior of the female and female worm, detecting the sex pheromone droplet degree and the expression amount of the sex pheromone biosynthesis gene in the gonad of the female worm, The endogenous mechanism of interspecies mating rhythm was analyzed. The results showed that Z11-16Ald and Z13-18Ald had a very low content of Z9-16Ald and Z13-18Ald, while Z9-16Ald and Z13-18Ald had a very low content. Based on the sequencing results of the gonadal transcription group of the two groups of females, the genes which might be involved in the synthesis of the participatory pheromone were identified, including 2 lipases (caspase 1, caspase 2), 2 fatty acid transporter (CDP1, KPP2), 2 desaturation enzymes (DES1, DES7), 1 coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACD1), 3 long-chain fatty acid elongases (ELO1, ELO6, ELO7), and 2 aldehyde ketoreductases (ALR1, ALR2). There was a significant difference in the expression of the above genes in the gonads of the two groups. qRT-PCR verified the expression of caspase-2, cyclin P2, ACD1 and ELO1 in gonad. The results showed that the expression of these four genes in rice populations was higher than that of the wild-white population. The results showed that there was a difference in the circadian rhythm and the expression rhythm of the sex pheromone in both the male and female populations, suggesting the endogenous physiological and molecular mechanism of the difference in the mating rhythm among the populations. The results showed that the mating rhythm of the two groups was a stable genetic phenotype after long-term adaptation to different plant species, and the two groups had different genetic factors to control the mating rhythm. The difference of mating rhythm among populations is an important factor which leads to the isolation between populations, and the difference of sex pheromone biosynthesis rhythm among populations is the endogenous mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm among populations. The results of the study provide a data platform not only for the further study of the molecular regulation mechanism of the difference of mating rhythm of the two-year-old rice and the white-white population, but also provides new evidence for revealing the pre-mating isolation mechanism during the formation of the same domain species. It also provides scientific basis for the application of light trapping and sex pheromone trapping technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S433.4
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