短鏈氯化石蠟在南瓜和大豆幼苗中的遷移和生物轉(zhuǎn)化過程研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 12:33
【摘要】：新型持久性機(jī)污染物短鏈氯化石蠟(SCCPs)是一類直鏈氯化烷烴的復(fù)雜混合物,具有遠(yuǎn)距離環(huán)境遷移能力、環(huán)境持久性、生物蓄積性和較高的生物毒性,己經(jīng)于2017年第8次《關(guān)于持久性有機(jī)污染物的斯德哥爾摩公約》締約國大會上,被列入《公約》附件A受控POPs的清單。植物作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)者,在各種有機(jī)污染物的環(huán)境歸趨和地球化學(xué)循環(huán)中起著重要作用,但植物與SCCPs之間的相互作用還知之甚少。南瓜對很多有機(jī)污染物,如PBDEs和DDT等具有較高的富集能力。大豆也被報(bào)道可以吸收和遷移氯丹、氯苯和8:2氟代調(diào)聚醇等。因此本研究選取南瓜(Cucurbita maxima × C.moschata)和大豆(Glycine maxL.Merrill)作為模型植物,通過相對簡單的水培暴露體系首次研究了 SCCPs在不同植物中的吸收、遷移以及生物轉(zhuǎn)化。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)SCCPs既可以通過大豆和南瓜幼苗的根也可以通過葉被植物吸收,并在植株體內(nèi)發(fā)生遷移,遷移過程是雙向的,包括從根向葉的遷移和從葉向根部的遷移。暴露組中主要是通過根部吸收SCCPs,再向上遷移到葉,并可通過葉部氣孔散逸到氣相中,而空白對照組主要是葉吸收氣相中的SCCPs并向下遷移到根部。南瓜組織中根部富集的母體化合物含量最高,大于初始暴露量的23%。(2)SCCPs在大豆和南瓜植株中的吸收、遷移和植物揮發(fā)均受其鏈長和氯原子取代數(shù)的影響。當(dāng)SCCPs含有相同的碳原子數(shù)時(shí),南瓜幼苗富集母體化合物的含量和速度隨著氯原子數(shù)的增加而增加,而當(dāng)SCCPs含有相同的氯原子數(shù)時(shí),富集量和速度隨碳原子數(shù)的增加而增加。而碳鏈越短、氯原子取代數(shù)越少的SCCPs同系物越容易被植物體內(nèi)傳輸和植物揮發(fā),也更易于停留在空氣中。(3)根據(jù)檢測到的代謝產(chǎn)物,發(fā)現(xiàn)高氯代的SCCPs同系物在南瓜和大豆幼苗的作用下能夠脫氯為低氯代同系物,并且在分子上發(fā)生氯原子重排。首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了南瓜和大豆作用下SCCPs的碳鏈斷裂過程。(4)不同植物對SCCPs的遷移和轉(zhuǎn)化能力有所不同。大豆體內(nèi)SCCPs的遷移能力明顯弱于南瓜,但其對SCCPs的生物轉(zhuǎn)化能力顯著高于南瓜。綜上,本文首次報(bào)道了 SCCPs在活體植物中的環(huán)境行為,為今后SCCPs在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估和人體健康危害提供了重要的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:A novel persistent pollutant, SCCPs, (SCCPs) is a complex mixture of linear chlorinated alkanes with long-range environmental transport, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and high biotoxicity. At the eighth Conference of the parties to the Stockholm Convention on persistent Organic pollutants, in 2017, it was included in the list of controlled POPs in Annex A to the Convention. As an ecosystem producer, plants play an important role in the environmental fate and geochemical cycle of various organic pollutants, but little is known about the interaction between plants and SCCPs. Pumpkin has high enrichment ability to many organic pollutants, such as PBDEs and DDT. Soybeans were also reported to absorb and migrate chlordane, chlorobenzene and 8:2 fluorinated polyols. In this study, pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima 脳 C.moschata and soybean (Glycine maxL.Merrill) were selected as model plants. The absorption, migration and biotransformation of SCCPs in different plants were studied for the first time through a relatively simple hydroponic exposure system. The main contents are as follows: (1) SCCPs can be absorbed not only through the roots of soybean and pumpkin seedlings, but also by the leaves of the plants. The migration process is bidirectional, including the migration from root to leaf and from leaf to root. In the exposed group, SCCPs, was absorbed by the root and then migrated up to the leaf, and then dispersed to the gas phase through the stomata of the leaf, while the blank control group absorbed the SCCPs in the gas phase and migrated down to the root. The concentration of parent compounds in the roots of pumpkin was the highest, which was more than 23% of the initial exposure. (2) the absorption, migration and volatilization of SCCPs in soybean and pumpkin plants were affected by the chain length and the number of chlorine substituents. When SCCPs contains the same number of carbon atoms, the content and rate of enrichment of parent compounds in pumpkin seedlings increase with the increase of the number of chlorine atoms, while when SCCPs contains the same number of chlorine atoms, the amount and speed of enrichment increase with the increase of the number of carbon atoms. The shorter the carbon chain, the more likely the SCCPs congeners with fewer chlorine atoms to be transported and volatilized by plants and more likely to remain in the air. (3) according to the detected metabolites, It was found that the high-chlorinated SCCPs congeners could be dechlorinated to low chlorinated congeners under the action of pumpkin and soybean seedlings, and chlorine rearrangement occurred on the molecular level. The carbon chain break process of SCCPs under the action of pumpkin and soybean was first found. (4) the migration and transformation ability of SCCPs was different among different plants. The migration ability of SCCPs in soybean was significantly weaker than that in pumpkin, but its biotransformation ability to SCCPs was significantly higher than that of pumpkin. In summary, the environmental behavior of SCCPs in living plants is reported for the first time, which provides an important theoretical basis for the potential risk assessment and human health hazard of SCCPs in ecosystem in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.1;S642.1;X173
本文編號：2217211
[Abstract]:A novel persistent pollutant, SCCPs, (SCCPs) is a complex mixture of linear chlorinated alkanes with long-range environmental transport, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and high biotoxicity. At the eighth Conference of the parties to the Stockholm Convention on persistent Organic pollutants, in 2017, it was included in the list of controlled POPs in Annex A to the Convention. As an ecosystem producer, plants play an important role in the environmental fate and geochemical cycle of various organic pollutants, but little is known about the interaction between plants and SCCPs. Pumpkin has high enrichment ability to many organic pollutants, such as PBDEs and DDT. Soybeans were also reported to absorb and migrate chlordane, chlorobenzene and 8:2 fluorinated polyols. In this study, pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima 脳 C.moschata and soybean (Glycine maxL.Merrill) were selected as model plants. The absorption, migration and biotransformation of SCCPs in different plants were studied for the first time through a relatively simple hydroponic exposure system. The main contents are as follows: (1) SCCPs can be absorbed not only through the roots of soybean and pumpkin seedlings, but also by the leaves of the plants. The migration process is bidirectional, including the migration from root to leaf and from leaf to root. In the exposed group, SCCPs, was absorbed by the root and then migrated up to the leaf, and then dispersed to the gas phase through the stomata of the leaf, while the blank control group absorbed the SCCPs in the gas phase and migrated down to the root. The concentration of parent compounds in the roots of pumpkin was the highest, which was more than 23% of the initial exposure. (2) the absorption, migration and volatilization of SCCPs in soybean and pumpkin plants were affected by the chain length and the number of chlorine substituents. When SCCPs contains the same number of carbon atoms, the content and rate of enrichment of parent compounds in pumpkin seedlings increase with the increase of the number of chlorine atoms, while when SCCPs contains the same number of chlorine atoms, the amount and speed of enrichment increase with the increase of the number of carbon atoms. The shorter the carbon chain, the more likely the SCCPs congeners with fewer chlorine atoms to be transported and volatilized by plants and more likely to remain in the air. (3) according to the detected metabolites, It was found that the high-chlorinated SCCPs congeners could be dechlorinated to low chlorinated congeners under the action of pumpkin and soybean seedlings, and chlorine rearrangement occurred on the molecular level. The carbon chain break process of SCCPs under the action of pumpkin and soybean was first found. (4) the migration and transformation ability of SCCPs was different among different plants. The migration ability of SCCPs in soybean was significantly weaker than that in pumpkin, but its biotransformation ability to SCCPs was significantly higher than that of pumpkin. In summary, the environmental behavior of SCCPs in living plants is reported for the first time, which provides an important theoretical basis for the potential risk assessment and human health hazard of SCCPs in ecosystem in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.1;S642.1;X173
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