大安市土地利用變化驅(qū)動(dòng)下的降水入滲與土壤水分模擬研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-26 20:21
【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展、人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的不斷影響,生態(tài)水文過(guò)程受到了劇烈的影響。土地利用/土地覆被變化(LUCC)是人類(lèi)復(fù)雜的活動(dòng)中較為典型的影響著生態(tài)水文環(huán)境的重要因素,也是當(dāng)今社會(huì)的研究熱點(diǎn)。作為生態(tài)水文研究?jī)?nèi)容中的重要組成部分,地下水和土壤水對(duì)于土地利用變化的響應(yīng)也十分明顯,而降水入滲是地下水補(bǔ)給的重要形式,對(duì)地下水有著十分重要的影響。大安市位于松嫩平原腹地,屬于我國(guó)的生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),多年干旱少雨,土壤鹽堿化、沙化、荒漠化問(wèn)題日益加重,地下水位下降等生態(tài)問(wèn)題越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。本文以大安市為研究對(duì)象,將3S技術(shù)與實(shí)驗(yàn)和模型模擬相結(jié)合,系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展土地利用變化驅(qū)動(dòng)下的生態(tài)水文過(guò)程——降水入滲和土壤水分的模擬研究。(1)利用大安市1989、2000、2004和2008年四個(gè)時(shí)段的LANDSAT TM遙感影像,借助ERDAS IMAGINE軟件進(jìn)行影像處理,通過(guò)對(duì)影像的解譯與判讀,對(duì)土地利用類(lèi)型進(jìn)行分類(lèi),構(gòu)建土地利用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),利用Arc GIS軟件繪制大安市土地利用分布圖,其主要土地利用類(lèi)型為旱地、鹽堿地和草地;建立單一動(dòng)態(tài)度模型,灘地減少最為明顯,水田增加速度最快;建立轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣分析模型,鹽堿地轉(zhuǎn)化旱地的面積最多,草地次之,沒(méi)有其他土地利用類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)化為鹽堿地。結(jié)合遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)和資料整理數(shù)據(jù),耕地面積和水域面積都呈現(xiàn)出了先減少后增加的趨勢(shì),且二者面積的最大值都出現(xiàn)在近幾年,這與“吉林省保障糧食生產(chǎn)的土地開(kāi)發(fā)整治規(guī)劃”中水利項(xiàng)目的投入與使用有重大關(guān)系。(2)基于研究區(qū)土地利用變化的規(guī)律,有針對(duì)性地選擇了典型地段,進(jìn)行表層樣品和剖面樣品的采集,在室內(nèi)完成土壤含水量、土壤容重、田間持水量和土壤質(zhì)地以及顆粒分級(jí)等工作,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得的數(shù)據(jù),分析了表層土壤水平方向與剖面的變化規(guī)律。研究區(qū)土壤主要為砂粒、粉粒和粘粒,其中砂粒含量最高,分布規(guī)律為西北多、東南少,而粉粒和粘粒的分布剛好與砂粒相反。表層土樣的含水量、田間持水量和容重的分布規(guī)律均為西北、西南和中東部多;剖面不同層的土樣的含水量、田間持水量和容重隨深度變化呈現(xiàn)出基本一致的變化趨勢(shì)。林地、旱地的三個(gè)參數(shù)都相對(duì)較小,而對(duì)應(yīng)的則是荒草地、鹽堿地等其值都相對(duì)較高。(3)將實(shí)驗(yàn)獲取的土壤數(shù)據(jù)作為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),以Arc GIS軟件為平臺(tái),選用SWAT模型,結(jié)合DEM高程數(shù)據(jù)、氣象數(shù)據(jù)和土地利用數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行降水入滲量的模擬。同時(shí),引用降水入滲系數(shù)法對(duì)SWAT模型模擬的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,以此討論不同土地利用類(lèi)型對(duì)降水入滲的影響。研究區(qū)單位面積降水入滲量最大的為林地,最小的為難利用地;土地利用-土壤類(lèi)型組合中草地-黑鈣土和草地-草甸土降水入滲系數(shù)較大,鹽堿地-堿土降水入滲系數(shù)較小。運(yùn)行SWAT模型得到2008年平均降水入滲量的模擬結(jié)果為58.75mm,降水入滲總量2.65×108m3,降水入滲系數(shù)法計(jì)算得到的2008年平均降水入滲量為59.23mm,降水入滲總量為2.67×108m3。兩種方法得到的2008年降水入滲總量較2000年的數(shù)值相比都呈現(xiàn)出增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。(4)選取研究區(qū)主要作物玉米作為研究對(duì)象,在氣象數(shù)據(jù)、作物數(shù)據(jù)和土壤數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)毓喔葦?shù)據(jù),利用SWAP模型對(duì)該區(qū)的玉米進(jìn)行了全生育期的模擬,同時(shí)分析了地表以下100cm土柱(根系層)的土壤水分的動(dòng)態(tài)變化過(guò)程、水量均衡情況,并利用2008年和2009年的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行模型的率定和檢驗(yàn)。研究區(qū)土壤水的主要來(lái)源為大氣降水和灌溉入滲水,水分消耗主要為作物蒸騰、土壤蒸發(fā)、滲漏、作物截留與模擬土層的儲(chǔ)水量變化,在玉米的生育期內(nèi),降雨量和灌溉量主要用于作物蒸騰和土壤蒸發(fā)。模擬土柱的底部水流通量不大,在施行灌溉或者降水量較大的情況下,土層存在著少量的深層滲漏的現(xiàn)象,但入滲的水量大部分仍?xún)?chǔ)存于土層中,儲(chǔ)水量較為穩(wěn)定。在8~9月作物蒸騰十分強(qiáng)烈,導(dǎo)致土壤水變化較為劇烈,但仍處于不斷轉(zhuǎn)化的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡過(guò)程。綜上所述,本文在研究土地利用變化特征的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),應(yīng)用SWAT模型和SWAP模型分別進(jìn)行降水入滲量和土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)變化的模擬,進(jìn)而為土地利用變化對(duì)降水入滲和對(duì)土壤水的影響兩個(gè)方面的研究提供了重要的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),為近些年來(lái)在土地格局上發(fā)生較大變化的大安市在生態(tài)和水資源管理等方面提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous influence of human activities, the ecological hydrological process has been greatly affected. Land use / land cover change (LUCC) is an important factor affecting the ecological and hydrological environment in the complex activities of human beings, and is also a hot research topic in today's society. As an important part, the response of groundwater and soil water to the change of land use is also very obvious. The precipitation infiltration is an important form of groundwater recharge and has a very important influence on the groundwater. Dagan city is located in the hinterland of the Songnen Plain, which belongs to the fragile ecological area of China. The ecological problems, such as the increasing of the problem and the decline of the groundwater level, are becoming more and more serious. This paper, taking the city of Daan as the research object, combines the 3S technology with the experiment and model simulation, and systematically carries out the ecological hydrological process driven by the change of land use - precipitation infiltration and soil moisture simulation. (1) the use of Daan City in 198920002004 and 2008 four LANDSAT TM remote sensing images of a period of time are processed with the aid of ERDAS IMAGINE software. Through the interpretation and interpretation of the images, the land use types are classified, the land use database is constructed, and the land use distribution map of Daan city is drawn by Arc GIS software. The main types of land use are dry land, saline alkali land and grassland. The dynamic model has the most obvious decrease in the beach land and the fastest increase in the paddy field, and the transfer matrix analysis model is established. The area of the saline alkali land conversion to dry land is the most, the grassland is the next, and no other land use type is converted into saline alkali land. The trend is added, and the maximum value of the area of the two is in the last few years. This has a great relationship with the investment and use of water conservancy projects in the "land development and regulation plan of Jilin province to ensure grain production". (2) based on the law of land use change in the study area, the typical area is selected to carry out the mining of surface samples and section samples. The soil water content, soil bulk density, field water capacity, soil texture and particle classification are completed indoors. The variation of horizontal direction and profile of surface soil is analyzed by the data obtained in the experiment. The main soil in the study area is sand, powder and clay, among which the content of sand is the highest and the distribution law is more in the northwest and less in the southeast. The distribution of the water content, the field water holding capacity and the bulk density of the surface soil samples are all in the northwest, in the southwest and in the Middle East, and the soil moisture content, the field water holding capacity and the bulk density vary with the depth. The three parameters of the woodland and the dryland are all relative. It is smaller, and the corresponding value is relatively high. (3) take the soil data obtained by the experiment as the basic data, take the Arc GIS software as the platform, select the SWAT model, combine the DEM elevation data, the meteorological data and the land use data to simulate the precipitation infiltration quantity. At the same time, the precipitation infiltration coefficient method is used for the SWAT model. The accuracy of the simulation is verified to discuss the effect of different land use types on the infiltration of precipitation. The largest amount of precipitation infiltration in the study area is the forest land, the smallest is difficult to use, and the rainfall infiltration coefficient of the grassland - percolate and meadow soil in the land use - soil type combination is larger, and the saline alkali soil precipitation infiltration system The simulation results of the average precipitation infiltration in 2008 are 58.75mm, the total amount of precipitation infiltration is 2.65 x 108m3, the average precipitation infiltration in 2008 is 59.23mm, the total amount of precipitation infiltration is 2.67 * 108m3. two methods in 2008, and the total precipitation infiltration in 2008 is compared with 2000 value. (4) the main crop Maize in the study area was selected as the research object. On the basis of meteorological data, crop data and soil data, combined with local irrigation data, SWAP model was used to simulate the whole growth period of Maize in this area, and the dynamics of soil moisture in the 100cm soil column (root layer) below the surface was analyzed. The change process, water balance, and the use of 2008 and 2009 data to determine the model rate and test. The main source of soil water in the study area is atmospheric precipitation and irrigation infiltration, water consumption is mainly crop transpiration, soil evaporation, leakage, crop interception and Simulation of soil water storage changes, during the growth period of corn, rainfall And the amount of irrigation is mainly used for crop transpiration and soil evaporation. The flow flux at the bottom of the simulated soil column is small. In the case of irrigation or heavy rainfall, there is a small amount of deep seepage in the soil layer, but most of the water in the soil is still stored in the soil layer, and the water storage is more stable. In the 8~9 month, the crop transpiration was very strong. The change of soil water is more intense, but it is still in the dynamic equilibrium process of continuous transformation. On the basis of the study of the characteristics of the land use change, this paper applies the SWAT model and the SWAP model to simulate the rainfall infiltration and the dynamic changes of soil moisture on the basis of the study of the characteristics of land use change. The study of the two aspects of the influence of soil water provides an important data base and provides a theoretical basis for the great changes in the land pattern in recent years in the management of ecology and water resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S152.7
本文編號(hào)：2147183
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous influence of human activities, the ecological hydrological process has been greatly affected. Land use / land cover change (LUCC) is an important factor affecting the ecological and hydrological environment in the complex activities of human beings, and is also a hot research topic in today's society. As an important part, the response of groundwater and soil water to the change of land use is also very obvious. The precipitation infiltration is an important form of groundwater recharge and has a very important influence on the groundwater. Dagan city is located in the hinterland of the Songnen Plain, which belongs to the fragile ecological area of China. The ecological problems, such as the increasing of the problem and the decline of the groundwater level, are becoming more and more serious. This paper, taking the city of Daan as the research object, combines the 3S technology with the experiment and model simulation, and systematically carries out the ecological hydrological process driven by the change of land use - precipitation infiltration and soil moisture simulation. (1) the use of Daan City in 198920002004 and 2008 four LANDSAT TM remote sensing images of a period of time are processed with the aid of ERDAS IMAGINE software. Through the interpretation and interpretation of the images, the land use types are classified, the land use database is constructed, and the land use distribution map of Daan city is drawn by Arc GIS software. The main types of land use are dry land, saline alkali land and grassland. The dynamic model has the most obvious decrease in the beach land and the fastest increase in the paddy field, and the transfer matrix analysis model is established. The area of the saline alkali land conversion to dry land is the most, the grassland is the next, and no other land use type is converted into saline alkali land. The trend is added, and the maximum value of the area of the two is in the last few years. This has a great relationship with the investment and use of water conservancy projects in the "land development and regulation plan of Jilin province to ensure grain production". (2) based on the law of land use change in the study area, the typical area is selected to carry out the mining of surface samples and section samples. The soil water content, soil bulk density, field water capacity, soil texture and particle classification are completed indoors. The variation of horizontal direction and profile of surface soil is analyzed by the data obtained in the experiment. The main soil in the study area is sand, powder and clay, among which the content of sand is the highest and the distribution law is more in the northwest and less in the southeast. The distribution of the water content, the field water holding capacity and the bulk density of the surface soil samples are all in the northwest, in the southwest and in the Middle East, and the soil moisture content, the field water holding capacity and the bulk density vary with the depth. The three parameters of the woodland and the dryland are all relative. It is smaller, and the corresponding value is relatively high. (3) take the soil data obtained by the experiment as the basic data, take the Arc GIS software as the platform, select the SWAT model, combine the DEM elevation data, the meteorological data and the land use data to simulate the precipitation infiltration quantity. At the same time, the precipitation infiltration coefficient method is used for the SWAT model. The accuracy of the simulation is verified to discuss the effect of different land use types on the infiltration of precipitation. The largest amount of precipitation infiltration in the study area is the forest land, the smallest is difficult to use, and the rainfall infiltration coefficient of the grassland - percolate and meadow soil in the land use - soil type combination is larger, and the saline alkali soil precipitation infiltration system The simulation results of the average precipitation infiltration in 2008 are 58.75mm, the total amount of precipitation infiltration is 2.65 x 108m3, the average precipitation infiltration in 2008 is 59.23mm, the total amount of precipitation infiltration is 2.67 * 108m3. two methods in 2008, and the total precipitation infiltration in 2008 is compared with 2000 value. (4) the main crop Maize in the study area was selected as the research object. On the basis of meteorological data, crop data and soil data, combined with local irrigation data, SWAP model was used to simulate the whole growth period of Maize in this area, and the dynamics of soil moisture in the 100cm soil column (root layer) below the surface was analyzed. The change process, water balance, and the use of 2008 and 2009 data to determine the model rate and test. The main source of soil water in the study area is atmospheric precipitation and irrigation infiltration, water consumption is mainly crop transpiration, soil evaporation, leakage, crop interception and Simulation of soil water storage changes, during the growth period of corn, rainfall And the amount of irrigation is mainly used for crop transpiration and soil evaporation. The flow flux at the bottom of the simulated soil column is small. In the case of irrigation or heavy rainfall, there is a small amount of deep seepage in the soil layer, but most of the water in the soil is still stored in the soil layer, and the water storage is more stable. In the 8~9 month, the crop transpiration was very strong. The change of soil water is more intense, but it is still in the dynamic equilibrium process of continuous transformation. On the basis of the study of the characteristics of the land use change, this paper applies the SWAT model and the SWAP model to simulate the rainfall infiltration and the dynamic changes of soil moisture on the basis of the study of the characteristics of land use change. The study of the two aspects of the influence of soil water provides an important data base and provides a theoretical basis for the great changes in the land pattern in recent years in the management of ecology and water resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S152.7
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