肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激評(píng)價(jià)及其機(jī)理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 18:23
【摘要】：本論文以小麥面筋蛋白為基礎(chǔ)試驗(yàn)材料,經(jīng)過(guò)美拉德反應(yīng)和氧化反應(yīng)修飾為異蛋白,模擬肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激,以此研究應(yīng)激對(duì)消化道結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響及其機(jī)理,同時(shí)初步建立應(yīng)激評(píng)價(jià)體系,并通過(guò)添加抗應(yīng)激劑研究緩解消化道應(yīng)激的技術(shù)。試驗(yàn)一高級(jí)糖基化終產(chǎn)物誘導(dǎo)的肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激本試驗(yàn)旨在研究面筋蛋白AGE對(duì)肉仔雞消化道結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響。將180只肉公雞分為3個(gè)處理,每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù),每重復(fù)10只雞。分別飼喂對(duì)照日糧(CON),原始面筋日糧(WG)和面筋蛋白AGE日糧(AGE)。結(jié)果表明,AGE處理組顯著降低21日齡肉仔雞BW,ADG和ADFI,并顯著增加飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率(P0.05)。三個(gè)處理組中糞便pH值,糞便水分含量和回腸形態(tài)組織學(xué)并無(wú)顯著差異。然而,AGE處理組的粗蛋白質(zhì)表觀消化率顯著低于對(duì)照組的相應(yīng)值(P0.05)。對(duì)35日齡肉仔雞而言,三個(gè)處理組中AGE處理組的BW最低,而FCR值最高。結(jié)論:面筋蛋白的美拉德反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物降低肉仔雞的生長(zhǎng)性能。AGE是肉仔雞消化道的一種應(yīng)激源,會(huì)影響消化道的功能而并未改變腸道形態(tài)。試驗(yàn)二氧化面筋誘導(dǎo)的肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激本研究旨在探討氧化面筋對(duì)肉仔雞消化道結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響。將180只肉公雞隨機(jī)分為3個(gè)處理組,每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10只雞。分別飼喂對(duì)照日糧(CON),原始面筋日糧(WG)和氧化面筋日糧(OG)。結(jié)果表明,氧化面筋日糧顯著降低21日齡和35日齡肉仔雞BW和ADG,并顯著增加飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率(P0.05)。與對(duì)照組相比,氧化面筋處理組糞便pH值顯著降低(P0.05),糞便水分含量顯著增加(P0.05),試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物表現(xiàn)出腹瀉癥狀。三種處理日糧對(duì)肉仔雞回腸形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)顯著影響。與飼喂對(duì)照組日糧相比,飼喂OG處理日糧的肉仔雞顯著降低粗蛋白質(zhì)的表觀消化率(P0.05)。結(jié)論:氧化面筋蛋白是肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激源之一,造成肉仔雞消化道處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài),發(fā)生腹瀉癥狀。氧化面筋會(huì)降低肉仔雞的生長(zhǎng)性能,可以誘導(dǎo)消化道功能的改變,但并未改變回腸組織結(jié)構(gòu)。試驗(yàn)三肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激生物標(biāo)志物篩選本研究旨在篩選應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下肉仔雞血清、嗉囊和回腸中生物標(biāo)志物和組織中差異表達(dá)蛋白,用于更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)或判定消化道的應(yīng)激狀態(tài)。將180只肉公雞隨機(jī)分為3個(gè)處理組,每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10只雞。分別飼喂對(duì)照日糧(CON),原始面筋日糧(WG)和氧化面筋日糧(OG)。結(jié)果表明,消化道應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,嗉囊和回腸組織中氧化還原平衡遭破壞,并表現(xiàn)出一定程度的炎癥免疫狀態(tài),而血清中氧化狀態(tài)和炎癥狀態(tài)并未受到應(yīng)激狀態(tài)的影響。除生長(zhǎng)性能、糞便表觀狀態(tài)、糞便p H值、糞便水分含量、粗蛋白質(zhì)表觀消化率顯著變化外,消化道組織中GSH、GSSG、GSH/GSSG、LPO、MDA、IL-10和TNF-α發(fā)生顯著變化。蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)分析表明,消化道應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下嗉囊和回腸組織中m GST和PLA2表達(dá)量下調(diào),抗菌肽1、抗菌肽2和IL-18表達(dá)量下調(diào)。結(jié)論:反映肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激狀態(tài)的生物標(biāo)志物包括,生長(zhǎng)性能、糞便表觀評(píng)分、糞便pH值、糞便初水分含量、粗蛋白質(zhì)表觀消化率、消化道組織中氧化狀態(tài)指標(biāo)和炎癥免疫狀態(tài)指標(biāo)。依據(jù)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)采集測(cè)定過(guò)程對(duì)肉仔雞損傷程度、指標(biāo)測(cè)定難易程度和價(jià)格信息,將生物標(biāo)志物分為兩個(gè)層級(jí)。試驗(yàn)四肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激機(jī)理研究本研究利用iTRAQ方法以及質(zhì)譜和軟件分析,探索應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下消化道功能改變的原因和通路。將120只肉公雞隨機(jī)分為2個(gè)處理組,每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10只雞。分別飼喂對(duì)照日糧(CON)和氧化面筋日糧(OG)。結(jié)果表明,肉仔雞消化道組織中共鑒定出4385個(gè)蛋白質(zhì),其中對(duì)照組和應(yīng)激組間共有76個(gè)蛋白差異化表達(dá)。其中53個(gè)蛋白表達(dá)量上調(diào),23個(gè)蛋白表達(dá)量下調(diào)。KEGG代謝通路分析發(fā)現(xiàn)嗉囊和回腸組織中有1條代謝通路被顯著性差異調(diào)控。結(jié)論:消化道應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,上皮細(xì)胞的縫隙連接通路被顯著性差異調(diào)控,調(diào)控細(xì)胞內(nèi)水分和離子轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的功能失調(diào),造成肉仔雞腹瀉。消化道上皮細(xì)胞收縮性的改變可能是誘導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng)的原因,發(fā)揮抗原遞呈作用的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量上調(diào),造成消化道中免疫狀態(tài)激活,而具備清除過(guò)氧化物和脂質(zhì)代謝產(chǎn)物功能的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量下調(diào)導(dǎo)致消化道中氧化還原平衡破壞。試驗(yàn)五維生素C對(duì)肉仔雞消化道抗應(yīng)激作用的研究本試驗(yàn)旨在研究維生素C緩解消化道應(yīng)激狀態(tài)的作用。將240只肉公雞隨機(jī)分為4個(gè)處理組,每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10只雞。分別飼喂對(duì)照日糧(CON)、面筋日糧(WG),氧化面筋日糧(OG)和OG+0.4%維生素C日糧(AOG)。結(jié)果表明,與氧化面筋組相比,添加Vc處理組顯著改善肉仔雞糞便狀態(tài),顯著提高糞便pH值,降低糞便中水分含量(P0.05);同時(shí),Vc日糧顯著提高消化道應(yīng)激后肉仔雞的生長(zhǎng)性能,和粗蛋白質(zhì)表觀消化率(P0.05);與氧化面筋處理組相比,AOG處理組回腸中GSSG和MDA濃度顯著降低(P0.05)。結(jié)論:維生素C改善消化道應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下肉仔雞消化道功能,從而緩解肉仔雞消化道應(yīng)激對(duì)生長(zhǎng)性能的抑制作用。維生素C通過(guò)抑制消化道中的氧化應(yīng)激,發(fā)揮其緩解由氧化面筋誘導(dǎo)的消化道應(yīng)激的作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of stress on digestive tract structure and function were studied by Maillard reaction and oxidation reaction modified as isoprotein, and the effects of stress on digestive tract structure and function were studied. At the same time, stress evaluation system was established and stress relieving agent was added to alleviate digestive stress. The test of a high glycosylation end product induced digestive tract stress in broilers was designed to study the effects of gluten AGE on the structure and function of digestive tract in broilers. 180 meat roosters were divided into 3 treatments, each of which was treated with 6 repetitions, and 10 chickens were repeated each. The control diet (CON), raw gluten diet (WG) and gluten A were fed. GE diet (AGE). The results showed that the AGE treatment group significantly reduced the 21 day old broilers' BW, ADG and ADFI, and significantly increased the feed conversion rate (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the fecal pH value in the three treatment groups, and there was no significant difference between the fecal moisture content and the intestinal morphology histology. However, the apparent digestibility of the crude protein in the AGE treatment group was significantly lower than the corresponding value of the control group (P0.05). For 35 day old broilers, the BW of the AGE treatment group in the three treatment groups was the lowest, and the FCR value was the highest. Conclusion: the mallard reaction product of gluten protein decreased the growth performance of broilers, and.AGE was a stressor in the digestive tract of broilers, which could affect the function of the digestive tract and did not change the intestinal form. Test the broilers induced by two oxidized gluten. The effects of digestive stress on the structure and function of digestive tract in broilers were investigated. 180 meat roosters were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, each of which was treated 6 repetitions, each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON), the raw gluten diet (WG) and the aerobic gluten diet (OG) were fed respectively. The results showed that the dietary gluten diet was significant Reducing the BW and ADG of 21 day and 35 day old broilers and significantly increasing the feed conversion rate (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal pH value of the oxidative gluten treatment group was significantly decreased (P0.05), the water content in the feces was significantly increased (P0.05), and the experimental animals showed diarrhea symptoms. Three kinds of rations had no significant effect on the morphology and structure of the broilers. Compared with the control diet, the apparent digestibility (P0.05) of crude protein was significantly reduced in the broilers fed with OG treatment. Conclusion: the oxidative gluten protein is one of the stress sources of the digestive tract in broilers, causing the digestive tract in the broilers to be in the stress state and the diarrhea symptoms. The oxidation gluten can reduce the growth performance of Broilers and can induce the digestive tract work. The change of energy, but did not change the ileum tissue structure. Test three broiler digestive tract stress biomarkers screening this study aims to screen the serum of broilers under stress, the differentially expressed proteins in the crop and the crop and the ileum, to predict or determine the stress state of the digestive tract more accurately. 180 meat cocks are random. It was divided into 3 treatment groups, each treated with 6 repetitions, each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON), the original gluten diet (WG) and the oxidized gluten diet (OG). The results showed that the redox balance in the crop and the ileum was destroyed in the digestive tract, and showed a certain degree of inflammatory immune state, and the oxidation in the serum. State and inflammatory state were not affected by stress state. Except growth performance, fecal apparent state, fecal P H value, fecal water content, and apparent protein apparent digestibility, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG, LPO, MDA, IL-10 and TNF- alpha in digestive tract were significantly changed. Protein histology analysis showed that the crop under digestive tract stress state The expression of M GST and PLA2 decreased in the ileum and the expression of antibacterial peptide 1, antibacterial peptide 2 and IL-18 decreased. Conclusion: the biomarkers reflecting the stress state of digestive tract in broilers include growth performance, stool apparent score, fecal pH value, initial water content of feces, apparent digestibility of crude protein, oxidation state index and inflammation in digestive tract tissue The index of immune state. According to the index data, the degree of injury of broiler was collected and the index was measured, the index was measured and the biomarker was divided into two levels. The study on the stress mechanism of digestive tract in four broilers was studied by using iTRAQ method, mass spectrometry and software analysis to explore the changes of digestive tract function under stress condition. The 120 meat roosters were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, each of which was treated with 6 repetitions, each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON) and the oxidized gluten diet (OG) were fed respectively. The results showed that 4385 proteins were identified in the digestive tract tissues of the broilers, of which 76 protein differential expressions were found between the control group and the stress group. The expression of 53 proteins was up-regulated, and 23 protein expression levels were down regulated by.KEGG pathway analysis. 1 metabolic pathways in the crop and ileum were significantly regulated. Conclusion: the gap junction pathway of epithelial cells is regulated by significant difference under the stress state of the digestive tract, regulating the dysfunction of water and ion transport in the cells. The changes in the contractility of the epithelial cells of the digestive tract may be the cause of the inflammatory reaction, and the expression of the protein expression in the digestive tract is up-regulated, causing the activation of the immune state in the digestive tract, and the downregulation of the protein expression in the digestive tract and the function of the metabolites of the peroxide and lipid leads to the redox level in the digestive tract. Test five vitamin C on the anti stress effect of vitamin C on the digestive tract of broilers to study the effect of vitamin C on the stress state of the digestive tract. 240 meat roosters were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, each treated with 6 repetitions, and each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON), gluten diet (WG), and oxidized gluten diet (OG) were fed. And OG+0.4% vitamin C diet (AOG). The results showed that compared with the oxidative gluten group, the addition of Vc treatment group significantly improved the fecal state of broilers, significantly increased the pH value of the feces and reduced the water content in the feces (P0.05). At the same time, the Vc diet significantly improved the growth performance of Broilers and the apparent digestibility of protein (P0.05) after the digestive tract stress, and the oxidation of the crude protein (P0.05). Compared with the gluten treatment group, the concentration of GSSG and MDA in the ileum of AOG treatment group decreased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion: vitamin C improves digestive tract function of broilers under the stress of digestive tract, thus alleviates the inhibitory effect of digestive tract stress on growth performance of broilers. Vitamin C can relieve the oxidative stress by inhibiting oxidative stress in the alimentary tract and relieving the oxidative gluten. The effect of induced digestive stress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S831.5
，
本文編號(hào)：2122569
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of stress on digestive tract structure and function were studied by Maillard reaction and oxidation reaction modified as isoprotein, and the effects of stress on digestive tract structure and function were studied. At the same time, stress evaluation system was established and stress relieving agent was added to alleviate digestive stress. The test of a high glycosylation end product induced digestive tract stress in broilers was designed to study the effects of gluten AGE on the structure and function of digestive tract in broilers. 180 meat roosters were divided into 3 treatments, each of which was treated with 6 repetitions, and 10 chickens were repeated each. The control diet (CON), raw gluten diet (WG) and gluten A were fed. GE diet (AGE). The results showed that the AGE treatment group significantly reduced the 21 day old broilers' BW, ADG and ADFI, and significantly increased the feed conversion rate (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the fecal pH value in the three treatment groups, and there was no significant difference between the fecal moisture content and the intestinal morphology histology. However, the apparent digestibility of the crude protein in the AGE treatment group was significantly lower than the corresponding value of the control group (P0.05). For 35 day old broilers, the BW of the AGE treatment group in the three treatment groups was the lowest, and the FCR value was the highest. Conclusion: the mallard reaction product of gluten protein decreased the growth performance of broilers, and.AGE was a stressor in the digestive tract of broilers, which could affect the function of the digestive tract and did not change the intestinal form. Test the broilers induced by two oxidized gluten. The effects of digestive stress on the structure and function of digestive tract in broilers were investigated. 180 meat roosters were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, each of which was treated 6 repetitions, each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON), the raw gluten diet (WG) and the aerobic gluten diet (OG) were fed respectively. The results showed that the dietary gluten diet was significant Reducing the BW and ADG of 21 day and 35 day old broilers and significantly increasing the feed conversion rate (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal pH value of the oxidative gluten treatment group was significantly decreased (P0.05), the water content in the feces was significantly increased (P0.05), and the experimental animals showed diarrhea symptoms. Three kinds of rations had no significant effect on the morphology and structure of the broilers. Compared with the control diet, the apparent digestibility (P0.05) of crude protein was significantly reduced in the broilers fed with OG treatment. Conclusion: the oxidative gluten protein is one of the stress sources of the digestive tract in broilers, causing the digestive tract in the broilers to be in the stress state and the diarrhea symptoms. The oxidation gluten can reduce the growth performance of Broilers and can induce the digestive tract work. The change of energy, but did not change the ileum tissue structure. Test three broiler digestive tract stress biomarkers screening this study aims to screen the serum of broilers under stress, the differentially expressed proteins in the crop and the crop and the ileum, to predict or determine the stress state of the digestive tract more accurately. 180 meat cocks are random. It was divided into 3 treatment groups, each treated with 6 repetitions, each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON), the original gluten diet (WG) and the oxidized gluten diet (OG). The results showed that the redox balance in the crop and the ileum was destroyed in the digestive tract, and showed a certain degree of inflammatory immune state, and the oxidation in the serum. State and inflammatory state were not affected by stress state. Except growth performance, fecal apparent state, fecal P H value, fecal water content, and apparent protein apparent digestibility, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG, LPO, MDA, IL-10 and TNF- alpha in digestive tract were significantly changed. Protein histology analysis showed that the crop under digestive tract stress state The expression of M GST and PLA2 decreased in the ileum and the expression of antibacterial peptide 1, antibacterial peptide 2 and IL-18 decreased. Conclusion: the biomarkers reflecting the stress state of digestive tract in broilers include growth performance, stool apparent score, fecal pH value, initial water content of feces, apparent digestibility of crude protein, oxidation state index and inflammation in digestive tract tissue The index of immune state. According to the index data, the degree of injury of broiler was collected and the index was measured, the index was measured and the biomarker was divided into two levels. The study on the stress mechanism of digestive tract in four broilers was studied by using iTRAQ method, mass spectrometry and software analysis to explore the changes of digestive tract function under stress condition. The 120 meat roosters were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, each of which was treated with 6 repetitions, each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON) and the oxidized gluten diet (OG) were fed respectively. The results showed that 4385 proteins were identified in the digestive tract tissues of the broilers, of which 76 protein differential expressions were found between the control group and the stress group. The expression of 53 proteins was up-regulated, and 23 protein expression levels were down regulated by.KEGG pathway analysis. 1 metabolic pathways in the crop and ileum were significantly regulated. Conclusion: the gap junction pathway of epithelial cells is regulated by significant difference under the stress state of the digestive tract, regulating the dysfunction of water and ion transport in the cells. The changes in the contractility of the epithelial cells of the digestive tract may be the cause of the inflammatory reaction, and the expression of the protein expression in the digestive tract is up-regulated, causing the activation of the immune state in the digestive tract, and the downregulation of the protein expression in the digestive tract and the function of the metabolites of the peroxide and lipid leads to the redox level in the digestive tract. Test five vitamin C on the anti stress effect of vitamin C on the digestive tract of broilers to study the effect of vitamin C on the stress state of the digestive tract. 240 meat roosters were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, each treated with 6 repetitions, and each repeated 10 chickens. The control diet (CON), gluten diet (WG), and oxidized gluten diet (OG) were fed. And OG+0.4% vitamin C diet (AOG). The results showed that compared with the oxidative gluten group, the addition of Vc treatment group significantly improved the fecal state of broilers, significantly increased the pH value of the feces and reduced the water content in the feces (P0.05). At the same time, the Vc diet significantly improved the growth performance of Broilers and the apparent digestibility of protein (P0.05) after the digestive tract stress, and the oxidation of the crude protein (P0.05). Compared with the gluten treatment group, the concentration of GSSG and MDA in the ileum of AOG treatment group decreased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion: vitamin C improves digestive tract function of broilers under the stress of digestive tract, thus alleviates the inhibitory effect of digestive tract stress on growth performance of broilers. Vitamin C can relieve the oxidative stress by inhibiting oxidative stress in the alimentary tract and relieving the oxidative gluten. The effect of induced digestive stress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S831.5
，
本文編號(hào)：2122569
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