本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鴨茅狀摩擦禾 種子質(zhì)量 種子休眠 種子處理 去殼技術(shù)　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鴨茅狀摩擦禾[Tripsacum dactyloids (L.) L.]是一種多年生暖季型叢生禾草,是草產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量最好的牧草之一,被稱作“禾草之王”。鴨茅狀摩擦禾主要用于飼草料生產(chǎn),還可用于控制土壤侵蝕,生產(chǎn)生物能源。此外,鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子可作為谷物來(lái)源生產(chǎn)面粉和食用油等。生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中存在的種子產(chǎn)量不高、種子質(zhì)量差以及種子休眠引起的建植困難等一系列問(wèn)題限制了鴨茅狀摩擦禾的推廣種植。論文研究的目的是探究鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子休眠的機(jī)理,確定可以有效破除種子休眠并提高種子質(zhì)量的技術(shù)與方法,同時(shí)在不破壞穎果的條件下解決種子的去殼難題。論文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子的種殼和種皮均延緩了穎果內(nèi)部組織的水分和氧氣的吸收,從而延緩了種子的萌發(fā)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)萌發(fā),帶殼種子比裸露穎果消耗了更多氧氣。種皮是影響鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子休眠和阻礙種子萌發(fā)的最關(guān)鍵因素。無(wú)論種殼存在與否,擦破種皮處理可以完全破除后熟種子批的休眠。足夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(8-12周)的冷濕層積處理也可以完全破除種子休眠。對(duì)冷濕層積處理的種子進(jìn)行后干燥處理會(huì)導(dǎo)致休眠逆轉(zhuǎn),而擦破種皮處理可以解除休眠逆轉(zhuǎn)。殺菌劑克菌丹(Captan)和福美雙(Thiram)拌種處理中涉及的各化學(xué)成分對(duì)種子具有明顯的植物毒性,從而降低了發(fā)芽率,因此不適合用于鴨茅狀摩擦禾的種子處理。殺菌劑唑菌胺酯(Pyraclostrobine)和氟唑菌酰胺(Fluxapyroxad)無(wú)論是單獨(dú)拌種還是以混劑形式拌種均可達(dá)到發(fā)芽率和霉菌控制的最佳效果。鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子物理機(jī)械特性及壓縮去殼試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,四倍體品種"Meadowcrest"種子尺寸和重量均大于二倍體品種"Pete",兩個(gè)品種的穎果重量各占完整種子重量的1/4和1/3,完整種子長(zhǎng)度約為穎果長(zhǎng)度的兩倍。種殼含水率顯著低于穎果含水率。種子破裂力大小與壓縮方向有關(guān),軸向壓縮時(shí)完整種子的破裂力僅為穎果破裂力的一半。種子尺寸、水分和破裂力共同決定了機(jī)械式軸向壓縮可以有效分離鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子的種殼并獲得無(wú)損傷的穎果,有效分離率為84-87%。在批量壓縮前進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)度分選分級(jí)處理并以不同壓縮位移壓縮能夠?qū)⒎N子有效分離率提高至95%�；诖�,論文提出了一種適用于鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子的新的去殼工藝流程,并對(duì)壓縮去殼裝置整機(jī)及關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)控制種子鼓風(fēng)機(jī)清選中的氣流速度可以分離沒(méi)有活性的空癟種子,從而提高種子批質(zhì)量。完整種子、擦破種皮帶殼種子和裸露穎果三種測(cè)試種子形態(tài)的最佳清選氣流速度分別為9、10和12 m/s。對(duì)Westrup LA-LS風(fēng)篩式清選設(shè)備風(fēng)選系統(tǒng)的氣流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行模擬分析后表明,在吸風(fēng)道風(fēng)量調(diào)節(jié)閥傾角設(shè)定準(zhǔn)確的條件下,可以確保鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子達(dá)到最佳清選效果。前吸風(fēng)道的調(diào)節(jié)確保輕雜被去除即可,后吸風(fēng)道風(fēng)量調(diào)節(jié)閥對(duì)應(yīng)完整種子、擦破種皮帶殼種子和裸露穎果的最適宜傾角分別為36°、270和90。雖然不同鴨茅狀摩擦禾種子批間質(zhì)量差異大,但采用合適的種子理技術(shù)和方法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)休眠的徹底破除,保證所有有活性的種子都能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)芽。
[Abstract]:Tripsacum [Tripsacum dactyloids (L.) L.] is a perennial warm season bunchgrass, is one of the best forage grass product quality, known as the "king of grass". Tripsacum is mainly used for forage production, can also be used to control soil erosion, production of bio energy. In addition, Gama Wo seeds can be used as sources for the production of corn flour and edible oil. The seed yield in the production process is not high, cause a series of problems of planting Limited Tripsacum planting seed dormancy and seed of poor quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Tripsacum seed dormancy. Sure can effectively break the seed dormancy and improve the techniques and methods of seed quality, and solve the problems in the seed shell does not destroy the caryopsis conditions. This study found that Tripsacum dactyloides seed species Shell and seed coat were delayed caryopsis internal organization of moisture and oxygen absorption, thus delaying the seed germination. For seed germination, consume more oxygen than naked caryopsis. The seed coat is the impact of Tripsacum seed dormancy and the key factors hindering seed germination. Both kinds of shell with or scrape the seed coat treatment can completely break dormancy ripening of seed batch. Enough long time (8-12 weeks) of cold wet stratification can completely break the seed dormancy. The cold wet stratification of seed drying after treatment may result in dormancy reversal, and dormancy scraping seed coat treatment can be reversed. Kranddan (Captan) and fungicides thiram (Thiram) relates to the chemical composition of seed processing plant has obvious toxicity on the seed germination rate, so as to reduce, therefore not suitable for seed treatment Tripsacum. Triazole fungicide Pyraclostrobin (Pyraclostrobine) and fluorine Pyraoxystrobin amide (Fluxapyroxad) either alone or in the form of dressing mixture can reach the best effect of seed germination rate and mildew control. Experiment results show that the compression and shell Tripsacum dactyloides seed physical and mechanical properties, the tetraploid cultivar "Meadowcrest" seed size and weight were higher than diploid varieties "Pete", two varieties of Caryopsis weight each accounted for 1/4 of the weight of intact seeds and 1/3, complete the seed length is about two times the length of the shell. Caryopsis water content was significantly lower than that of the caryopsis water content. The seed size and the direction of compression rupture force, rupture force axial compression of intact seeds is only half of the caryopsis rupture the seed size, moisture and rupture force determines the mechanical axial compression shell can effectively separate Tripsacum dactyloides seeds and without damage to the caryopsis, the isolation rate was 84-87 effective In front of the length of batch compression. Grading and deal with different compression compression displacement can be effectively separated the seed rate increased to 95%. based on this, the paper puts forward a suitable Tripsacum seed new shell process, and the compression shell unit and key flow mechanism design. By controlling the speed of seed cleaning blower can be selected separation of empty seeds have no activity, so as to improve the quality of seed lots. Intact seeds, seed shell and bare scrape belt Qing three test best caryopsis seed morphology of the flow speed respectively 9,10 and 12 m/s. of the Westrup LA-LS wind screen type cleaning air cleaning equipment air separation system the field simulation analysis show that the suction air flow regulating valve angle accurately set conditions, can ensure the Tripsacum seeds to achieve the best cleaning effect. The adjustable suction duct The light impurity removal can be that day, after the suction valve corresponding to intact seeds, seed shell and scrape the belt naked caryopsis most suitable angle of 36 degrees, 270 and 90. while the difference in quality between different batches of Tripsacum seeds, but completely get rid of by using appropriate techniques and methods to seed science the seed dormancy, ensure that all activity are able to germinate in a short period of time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S543.9

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