本文關(guān)鍵詞：獼猴桃種間高密度遺傳圖譜的構(gòu)建及果實(shí)性狀QTLs定位　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(武漢植物園)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 獼猴桃屬 遺傳圖譜 QTLs SSR標(biāo)記 SNP標(biāo)記

【摘要】：獼猴桃作為二十世紀(jì)馴化栽培最成功的一種水果,由于其豐富的維生素C含量及營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)深受消費(fèi)者的喜愛。由于獼猴桃屬植物具有雌雄異株及豐富的倍性變異的特征,使得獼猴桃的傳統(tǒng)育種效率較低。對(duì)目標(biāo)性狀開發(fā)出連鎖的標(biāo)記進(jìn)行標(biāo)記輔助選擇可以有效的提高育種的效率及準(zhǔn)確性。為了定位出果實(shí)相關(guān)的目標(biāo)性狀,本研究采用父本中華獼猴桃‘桂海4號(hào)’和母本山梨獼猴桃‘MT570001’的雜交后代,開展果實(shí)大小及糖、酸含量的QTLs定位研究。主要結(jié)果如下：(1)利用RAD測(cè)序的方法,在174個(gè)Fl代植株中構(gòu)建了中華獼猴桃和山梨獼猴桃兩張遺傳圖譜。母本山梨獼猴桃‘MT570001’圖譜包含29個(gè)連鎖群共2426個(gè)標(biāo)記,圖譜長(zhǎng)度2651.3 cM,平均圖距1.09 cM,每個(gè)連鎖群的長(zhǎng)度為67.3cM至122.5 cM；中華獼猴桃‘桂海4號(hào)’圖譜共有4214個(gè)SNP標(biāo)記分布在29個(gè)連鎖群上,總長(zhǎng)度為3142.4 cM,平均圖距為0.75 cM,連鎖群的長(zhǎng)度在72.4 cM至151.7 cM之間。(2)通過掃描獼猴桃全基因中的SSR位點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)二堿基重復(fù)最多(72.1%),AG/TC (44.2%)是基因組中頻率最高的堿基重復(fù)。在群體中開發(fā)了61個(gè)基因組SSR,結(jié)合公開發(fā)表的49個(gè)SSR一起整合到SNP圖譜中,成功的定位到中華獼猴桃的28個(gè)連鎖群上,山梨獼猴桃的17個(gè)連鎖群上,使得中華獼猴桃圖譜長(zhǎng)度增加了95 cM,山梨獼猴桃圖譜長(zhǎng)度增加了67 cM。在群體中篩選出11個(gè)性別連鎖的SSR標(biāo)記,并同花表型性狀'sex-f'共同定位在25號(hào)染色體的亞末端。(3)通過對(duì)果實(shí)相關(guān)的12個(gè)性狀進(jìn)行QTLs檢測(cè)。在山梨獼猴桃圖譜中共檢測(cè)到44個(gè)QTLs位點(diǎn),2013年檢測(cè)到21個(gè),2015年檢測(cè)到23個(gè),解釋表型變異5.3%-13.9%,在中華獼猴桃圖譜中共檢測(cè)到57個(gè)QTLs位點(diǎn),其中2013年檢測(cè)到31個(gè)位點(diǎn),2015年定位到26個(gè)位點(diǎn),解釋表型變異5.9%-12.2%。本研究結(jié)果不僅豐富了獼猴桃屬的遺傳學(xué)研究,也為闡明獼猴桃屬雌雄異株及果實(shí)品質(zhì)的遺傳機(jī)制提供了理論基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)為果實(shí)品質(zhì)的遺傳改良及早期性別鑒定中提供了分子元件。
[Abstract]:Kiwifruit was one of the most successful fruit domesticated in 20th century. Because of its rich vitamin C content and nutrition, the kiwifruit plants have the characteristics of dioecious and rich ploidy variation. The traditional breeding efficiency of kiwifruit is low. The development of linkage markers for target traits can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of breeding. In this study, the progenies of male Chinese kiwifruit 'Guihai 4' and female parent Actinidia chinensis' MT570001'were used to develop fruit size and sugar. QTLs localization of acid content. The main results are as follows: 1) using RAD sequencing method. Two genetic maps of Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia chinensis were constructed in 174 fl plantlets. The MT570001'map of Actinidia chinensis, a female parent, contained 2426 markers in 29 linkage groups. The length of the map was 2651.3 cm, the average distance was 1.09 cm, and the length of each linkage group ranged from 67.3 cm to 122.5 cm. There were 4214 SNP markers on 29 linkage groups, the total length was 3142.4 cm, and the average map distance was 0.75 cm in the 'Guihai 4' map of Actinidia chinensis. The length of linkage group ranged from 72.4 cm to 151.7 cm.) by scanning the SSR site in the whole gene of kiwifruit, we found that the two base repeats were at most 72.1 cm). AG/TC 44.2) is the most frequent base repeats in the genome. 61 genome SSRs were developed in a population and integrated into the SNP map with 49 published SSR. Successfully located on 28 linkage groups of Actinidia chinensis and 17 linkage groups of Actinidia chinensis, the length of map of Actinidia chinensis increased 95 cm. The map length of Actinidia chinensis increased by 67 cm. Eleven sex-linked SSR markers were screened in the population. The phenotypic trait of coflorescence, sex-f', is located at the subterminal of chromosome 25. A total of 44 QTLs loci were detected in kiwifruit atlas by QTLs analysis of 12 traits related to fruit. 21 were detected in 2013 and 23 in 2015. 57 QTLs loci were detected in the map of Actinidia chinensis. 31 loci were detected in 2013 and 26 loci were located in 2015, explaining the phenotypic variation of 5.9-12.2. The results of this study not only enrich the genetic research of Actinidia. It also provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the genetic mechanism of the dioecious plants and fruit quality of Actinidia, and provides a molecular element for the genetic improvement of the fruit quality and early sex identification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(武漢植物園)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S663.4

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