本文關(guān)鍵詞：免耕播種機(jī)偏轉(zhuǎn)側(cè)滑式防堵開(kāi)溝器研究　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 免耕播種機(jī) 偏轉(zhuǎn)側(cè)滑 防堵開(kāi)溝器 種床特性

【摘要】：在我國(guó)一年兩熟區(qū)播種小麥時(shí),地表秸稈覆蓋量大、土壤緊實(shí),對(duì)免耕播種機(jī)提出更高的要求。當(dāng)前,我國(guó)免耕播種機(jī)主要是通過(guò)動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈防堵、切斷秸稈殘茬、創(chuàng)造出種床環(huán)境,但其所需的動(dòng)力較大、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、土壤破壞嚴(yán)重,不適于我國(guó)中小型免耕播種機(jī)的作業(yè),也不利于作物生長(zhǎng)。因此,本文針對(duì)我國(guó)中小型免耕播種機(jī)作業(yè)的需要,研制了可創(chuàng)造良好種床環(huán)境且具有耐磨減阻、防堵性能的滑動(dòng)式開(kāi)溝器。主要結(jié)論和研究成果如下：(1)通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的滑動(dòng)式開(kāi)溝器進(jìn)行田問(wèn)試驗(yàn),確定鏟尖不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)(入土角、刃口曲線、入土隙角、刃口厚度)與種床環(huán)境(土壤容重、種溝截面積、表層秸稈擾動(dòng)量)及作業(yè)能耗等指標(biāo)的關(guān)系。通過(guò)多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型綜合評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)種床特性、作業(yè)能耗的影響,得到滑動(dòng)式開(kāi)溝器的最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)：入土角55。、凹線型刃口曲線、入土隙角4。及較小的刃口厚度。(2)通過(guò)仿真分析和田間試驗(yàn),得到滑動(dòng)式開(kāi)溝器在開(kāi)溝作業(yè)時(shí)的關(guān)鍵受力和磨損部位為鏟尖頂端和刃口,且鏟尖頂端的磨損最為嚴(yán)重。在鏟尖磨損特性分析和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上,提出鏟尖可替換要求—由于鏟尖各部分的磨損是不可避免的,將鏟尖磨損嚴(yán)重的頂端和刃口分別設(shè)計(jì)為可替換結(jié)構(gòu),從而減少開(kāi)溝器結(jié)構(gòu)的磨損;提出刃口減少對(duì)土壤擾動(dòng)、磨損和降低阻力的要求一設(shè)計(jì)的刃口曲線的前段圓弧所在圓的直徑比后段圓弧的大,減少土壤對(duì)刃口表面正壓力,進(jìn)而減小作業(yè)阻力和磨損。所設(shè)計(jì)刃口曲線的方程分別為：前段刃口的曲線方程(x-225)2+(y-389.7)2=202500、后段刃口的曲線方程(x-18.51)2+(y-140.59)2=14400。(3)在對(duì)秸稈覆蓋形式和堵塞方式分析的基礎(chǔ)上,明確適于滑動(dòng)式開(kāi)溝器作業(yè)的秸稈覆蓋條件。通過(guò)滑動(dòng)式開(kāi)溝器鏟柄對(duì)表層秸稈的擾動(dòng)和受力分析,明確秸稈的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,建立秸稈堵塞模型。對(duì)模型中影響秸稈滑動(dòng)的因素進(jìn)行分析,得出在鏟柄前端堆集的秸稈會(huì)滑到種帶兩側(cè)并產(chǎn)生側(cè)滑效果,側(cè)滑受表層秸稈覆蓋情況的影響較大。(4)在秸稈堵塞模型分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出秸稈側(cè)滑防堵的思路；設(shè)計(jì)了秸稈偏轉(zhuǎn)側(cè)滑防堵裝置。根據(jù)產(chǎn)生側(cè)偏效果的要求,合理設(shè)計(jì)了“鏟柄—彈簧—側(cè)偏板”的結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)偏轉(zhuǎn)側(cè)滑防堵裝置的工作原理分析和鏟柄對(duì)秸稈的擾動(dòng)試驗(yàn),確定偏轉(zhuǎn)板的寬度和高度分別為80mm、150mm;選擇回位彈簧的參數(shù)：線徑1mm、外徑10mm、長(zhǎng)度26mm。(5)在以上理論和試驗(yàn)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,確定免耕播種機(jī)偏轉(zhuǎn)側(cè)滑式防堵開(kāi)溝器的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵參數(shù),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：開(kāi)溝作業(yè)后的土壤擾動(dòng)量滿足作業(yè)要求;對(duì)土壤水穩(wěn)團(tuán)聚體的破壞不明顯,減少對(duì)種床土壤的破壞,有利于作物生長(zhǎng)；鏟尖的磨損主要集中于鏟尖頂端的可替換板處,且減少對(duì)上端刃口的磨損量；在秸稈全量粉碎覆蓋的條件下,秸稈擾動(dòng)寬度和清除率分別為15.9cm、74.47%,未出現(xiàn)堵塞現(xiàn)象。所設(shè)計(jì)的該免耕防堵開(kāi)溝器,滿足中小型免耕播種機(jī)的作業(yè)要求。
[Abstract]:In China a year planting areas of two crops of wheat, straw covered a large amount of soil compaction, put forward higher requirements for no tillage planter. At present, no tillage planter in China is mainly realized by straw blocking power driving device, cutting stubble, create a bed environment, but the required the power of large, complex structure, soil destruction, not suitable for small and medium-sized planter work, is not conducive to the growth of crops. Therefore, we need to work for small and medium-sized planter, is developed to create a good environment and a bed with wear-resistant drag reduction, anti sliding opener blocking performance the main conclusions are as follows: (1) sliding opener through the design of different structural parameters of field experiment, determine the shovel tip of different structural parameters (penetration angle, blade curve, ground clearance angle blade, thickness) and bed environment (soil bulk density, A channel section area, surface disturbance and straw) operation energy consumption index. The multi-objective optimization model of comprehensive evaluation on clinical characteristics, effect of energy consumption, the optimal structure parameters of sliding type opener: penetrating angle 55., concave linear cutting edge, edge thickness in 4. and smaller clearance angle. (2) through the simulation analysis and field tests, by sliding the opener key in ditching the force and wear parts for the top edge and shovel, shovel and the wear top is the most serious. On the basis of shovel tip wear characteristics analysis and structural optimization on the proposed shovel tip can replace the requirements due to wear shovel tip of each part is inevitable, the wear of the shovel tip top and edge were designed as replaceable structure, thereby reducing the wear of the opener structure; put forward edge to reduce soil disturbance, and reduce the wear resistance A design of the cutting edge curve of anterior arc the diameter ratio after arcs, reduce the blade surface pressure soil, then reduce the work resistance and wear. The design of cutting edge curve equation respectively: front edge curve equation (x-225) 2+ (y-389.7) 2=202500 curve equation after the blade (x-18.51) 2+ (y-140.59) 2=14400. (3) based on straw mulching and clog mode analysis, clearly suitable for operations in sliding opener of straw mulching conditions. By sliding the opener shank on the surface of straw disturbance and stress analysis, clear straw movement pattern. The establishment of the straw blocking model. The influence factors of straw sliding model is analyzed, the front part of the shovel shaft heap of straw will slide with both sides are affected by surface sideslip sideslip effect, the straw cover larger. (4) in the straw block Based on the model analysis, put forward the idea of anti blocking straw sideslip; design of straw sideslip anti blocking device. According to the deflection produced side effect, reasonable design of the structure of the shovel handle spring side plate ". Through the analysis of working principle of anti slip deflection and a shovel handle blocking device disturbance test on straw the determination of deflection plate width and height are respectively 80mm, 150mm; select the parameters of the return spring: diameter 1mm, diameter 10mm, length 26mm. (5) based on the above theoretical and experimental analysis, determine the overall structure and key parameters of blocking the opener of no tillage planter deflection and sideslip prevention. In the field experiment. The experimental results show that the soil disturbance after ditching operations to meet the operational requirements of soil water stable aggregates; the damage is not obvious, reduce the bed soil destruction, is conducive to crop growth; shovel tip wear mainly On top of the shovel plate can be replaced, and reduce the amount of wear on the upper edge of the cover; grinding conditions in the straw, straw disturbance width and clearance rate were 15.9cm, 74.47%, was not blocked. The design of anti blocking tillage opener, to meet the operational requirements of small and medium and no tillage seeding machine.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S223.2

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