本文選題：輕度認(rèn)知障礙　切入點(diǎn)：老年患者　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),一般來(lái)說(shuō),人類的智力水平是逐漸呈下降趨勢(shì)的,輕度認(rèn)知障礙,簡(jiǎn)稱MCI,是多發(fā)于老年人的一種認(rèn)知功能障礙,它介于正常老化和老年癡呆的中間狀態(tài),輕度認(rèn)知障礙如果不加以及時(shí)的控制,較容易轉(zhuǎn)為老年癡呆癥。老年MCI患者的核心癥狀是認(rèn)知功能的減退,可以累及記憶、運(yùn)算能力、運(yùn)用、空間能力的一項(xiàng)或以上,但由于其日常生活能力正常,早期通常不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)和有效的控制,導(dǎo)致病情的拖延,或轉(zhuǎn)為老年癡呆,給患者和家人造成嚴(yán)重的后果。本文通過(guò)對(duì)成都市相關(guān)醫(yī)院的神經(jīng)內(nèi)科專家的問(wèn)詢和醫(yī)院內(nèi)的老年MCI患者的MMSE量表和Moca量表的篩查,后又赴河北省石家莊市社區(qū)養(yǎng)老院對(duì)老人進(jìn)行MMSE量表和Moca量表的篩查,并篩查出老年MCI患者,此外還對(duì)相關(guān)患者、家屬、醫(yī)生進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)研,并引入認(rèn)知神經(jīng)心理學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的篩查,通過(guò)量表分析總結(jié)得出老年MCI患者的生理、心理特征并運(yùn)用spss統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的分析總結(jié),得出老年患者認(rèn)知方面的具體障礙,并以此為下一步的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐提供依據(jù)。通過(guò)聽(tīng)取醫(yī)院專家的建議,了解到老年MCI患者認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)展開(kāi),從老年患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的不同方面展開(kāi)設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院和機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)設(shè)備進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,結(jié)合實(shí)際具體問(wèn)題具體分析,找到問(wèn)題和不足,在引入科學(xué)的認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練方法的同時(shí),制定總結(jié)老年認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)原則,根據(jù)老年患者的實(shí)際情況以app搭載平臺(tái)電腦的方式設(shè)計(jì)一款電子訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)品—認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練儀,并建立醫(yī)、患(家屬)間互聯(lián)互通的網(wǎng)絡(luò),并開(kāi)發(fā)相關(guān)輔具,從不同方面訓(xùn)練并提高老年患者的認(rèn)知能力,最后經(jīng)過(guò)近一個(gè)半月的堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練,對(duì)老年患者再次進(jìn)行MMSE量表的篩查和隨訪,并對(duì)最終結(jié)果再次進(jìn)行了 spss分析,確定經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練后,老年患者的認(rèn)知能力有了進(jìn)一步的改善,從而證實(shí)了其產(chǎn)品的有效性,該系列產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)也從一定程度上起到了預(yù)防和延緩AD的作用,并希望通過(guò)此產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)引起社會(huì)和患者家屬對(duì)老年MCI人群的重視。
[Abstract]:As we get older, generally speaking, the level of human intelligence is gradually decreasing. Mild cognitive impairment, or MCI, is a kind of cognitive impairment that is more common in the elderly. It is between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mild cognitive impairment, if not controlled in time, is more likely to become Alzheimer's. The core symptom of elderly MCI patients is cognitive impairment, which can involve one or more of memory, arithmetic, application, and spatial abilities. However, due to their normal daily life ability, the early stage is usually not easily detected and effectively controlled, leading to delay in the condition, or to Alzheimer's disease, The results are serious to the patients and their families. Through the inquiry of the experts of neurology in the related hospitals of Chengdu and the screening of the MMSE scale and the Moca scale of the elderly MCI patients in the hospital, Later, he went to Shijiazhuang Community Nursing Home in Hebei Province to screen the MMSE and Moca scales for the elderly, and screened out the elderly patients with MCI. In addition, they also investigated the related patients, family members and doctors. Furthermore, the cognitive neuropsychology method was introduced to screen further, and the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly patients with MCI were summed up by the scale analysis, and the data were analyzed and summarized by using the spss statistical software. The specific cognitive barriers of elderly patients are obtained, and the basis for the next design practice is provided. By listening to the advice of hospital experts, we know that the design of cognitive training for elderly patients with MCI should be carried out as a system. From different aspects of cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients, through the investigation and study of the related equipment of the existing hospitals and institutions, combined with the concrete analysis of actual specific problems, to find out the problems and deficiencies, At the same time of introducing scientific cognitive training methods, the design principles of the cognitive training products for the elderly are formulated and summarized. According to the actual situation of the elderly patients, an electronic training product-Cognitive training instrument is designed by using the app platform computer. And set up a network of doctors and patients (family members), and develop related accessories to train and improve the cognitive ability of elderly patients from different aspects. Finally, after nearly a month and a half of persistent training, The elderly patients were screened and followed up with the MMSE scale again, and the final results were analyzed by spss again. It was confirmed that after cognitive training, the cognitive ability of the elderly patients was further improved, which confirmed the effectiveness of their products. The design of this series of products has also played a role in preventing and delaying AD to a certain extent, and it is hoped that the development of this product will arouse the attention of the society and the family of patients to the elderly MCI population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R749.1

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