本文關鍵詞：數(shù)字骨科技術在骨科輔助治療中的應用研究　出處：《新疆大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 數(shù)字化骨科 3D打印 虛擬現(xiàn)實 有限元

【摘要】：數(shù)字化骨科學是臨床骨科與計算機技術緊密結合的新興交叉學科,具體包含虛擬仿真手術、虛擬現(xiàn)實與可視化技術、骨科有限元分析技術、3D打印技術等,被廣泛應用于骨科輔助治療方面,具有巨大的應用前景及意義。本文主要研究了三個方面的內容。1、研究了骨骼的3D打印模型精度誤差。從骨骼的DICOM醫(yī)學數(shù)字圖像到骨骼的3D打印模型,引起誤差的原因主要有掃描層距、擬合參數(shù)、打印層厚累積、材料自身性能等。分析結果表明減小CT掃描層距可提高三維重建模型精度;在Mimics中三維重建時,擬合參數(shù)的選擇也會對三維重建模型的精度產生影響;3D打印加工工藝對骨骼的3D打印模型有很大影響,不同的材料對精度的影響不同,應該根據(jù)骨骼模型的用途選擇合適的加工工藝。2、研究了虛擬現(xiàn)實技術、3D打印技術在骨折輔助治療中的應用。利用CT數(shù)據(jù)DICOM醫(yī)學圖像,對Pilon骨折進行三維重構,通過對每層mask進行細致的編輯實現(xiàn)骨折碎塊的分離,建立骨折碎塊三維模型,并對其進行處理以獲取高質量的三維模型。(1)在虛擬現(xiàn)實系統(tǒng)中,利用各個骨折碎塊三維模型完成術前策劃;(2)采用3D打印加工工藝打印出重構的三維模型,利用3D打印模型進行術前策劃。通過術前策劃,手術醫(yī)生能夠直觀地觀察到手術部位,提前規(guī)劃手術方案,為治療提供可靠的依據(jù)。術前策劃具有重要的參考價值,尤其是在選擇合適的手術入路及接骨板方面。相比虛擬現(xiàn)實系統(tǒng)中進行術前策劃,3D打印模型進行術前策劃更方便、直觀。3、研究了人體脊柱-椎間融合釘棒系統(tǒng)中椎間融合材料的力學性能。建立脊柱-椎間融合釘棒系統(tǒng)有限元模型、人體脊柱有限元模型,其中有限元模型中椎間融合材料分別為自體顆粒骨、PEEK椎間融合器、空白,分析PEEK椎間融合器、自體顆粒骨的應力變化,并與正常人體脊柱對比,驗證在站姿狀態(tài)下,自體顆粒骨的力學性能與PEEK椎間融合器的力學性能相近,椎間融合材料采用自體骨進行腰椎后路手術時,自體骨能起到有效的力學支撐。
[Abstract]:Digital orthopedics is a new interdisciplinary subject which closely combines clinical orthopedics and computer technology, including virtual simulation surgery, virtual reality and visualization technology, orthopedic finite element analysis technology and 3D printing technology. Has been widely used in orthopedic adjuvant treatment, has a huge application prospects and significance. This paper mainly studied three aspects of content .1. The accuracy error of 3D printing model of bone was studied. From DICOM medical digital image of bone to 3D print model of bone, the main causes of error were scanning interval, fitting parameters and printing layer thickness accumulation. The analysis results show that the accuracy of 3D reconstruction model can be improved by decreasing CT scan slice distance. In Mimics 3D reconstruction, the choice of fitting parameters will also affect the accuracy of 3D reconstruction model. The 3D printing process has great influence on the 3D printing model of bone. Different materials have different effects on the accuracy. The appropriate processing technology .2 should be selected according to the use of the bone model. The application of virtual reality (VR) technique and 3D printing technique in adjuvant treatment of fracture was studied. Three-dimensional reconstruction of Pilon fracture was carried out by using CT data DICOM medical images. Through the careful editing of each layer of mask to achieve the separation of fracture fragments, the three-dimensional model of fracture fragments is established, and processed to obtain high-quality three-dimensional model. 1) in the virtual reality system. Three dimensional model of each fracture fragment was used to complete the preoperative planning. 2) 3D printing process was used to print out the reconstructed 3D model, and 3D printing model was used to plan before operation. Through preoperative planning, the surgeon could observe the operation position intuitively. Preoperative planning has important reference value, especially in choosing appropriate surgical approach and bone plate. Compared with virtual reality system, preoperative planning is more important than virtual reality system. 3D printing model is more convenient and intuitionistic to plan before operation. The mechanical properties of intervertebral fusion material in human spinal / intervertebral fusion screw rod system are studied. The finite element model of spinal / intervertebral fusion screw rod system is established. The finite element model of human spine, in which the material of intervertebral fusion is autologous granular bone peek fusion cage, blank, analysis of PEEK interbody fusion cage, autologous granular bone stress changes. Compared with normal human spine, the mechanical properties of autologous granular bone were similar to that of PEEK fusion cage under standing posture, and the intervertebral fusion material was used for posterior lumbar vertebrae surgery with autologous bone. Autogenous bone can play an effective mechanical support.
【學位授予單位】：新疆大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R68;TP391.73;TP391.9

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