在當今動態(tài)變化的環(huán)境中,施工建設單位必須學會在適當時間制定戰(zhàn)略并成功實施,針對組織的持續(xù)調查研究對此問題提供了思路。盡管施工建設單位在確定項目的成本和設計-招標-建造（DBB）項目招標價格估算中投入了大量的時間和精力,但成本超支仍是建筑行業(yè)中普遍存在的問題。在合同關系中,如果項目所有者的成本同時也是客戶的成本,交易雙方交換合同價格。但問題在于成本不止有生產(chǎn)成本,還有項目所有者產(chǎn)生的交易成本,交易成本（TC）是由于項目合同而產(chǎn)生的成本,它的隱性性質使得從業(yè)者難以識別和控制,很大程度上提高了建筑項目的總成本�？傊�,項目具有不確定性,由于第二方機構負責項目運營也使項目在承包過程面臨很大不確定性。項目涉及多個利益相關者,如設計師、顧問、承包商和客戶等,由于合同未能實現(xiàn)也增加了額外成本的風險。施工建設單位經(jīng)常將項目外包,他們需要了解交易成本增加的原因才能相應地做出是否“制造”或“購買”合同服務的重大決策。借鑒交易成本經(jīng)濟學（TCE）理論,本文重點關注公共部門建筑行業(yè),涉及不同性質和規(guī)模的建筑項目的DBB合同服務。許多研究學者已應用交易成本經(jīng)濟學理論（TCE）解決這一問題,并在多個國家出版了書籍,... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：196 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
    1.1 Background Information
    1.2 Rationale of the Study
        1.2.1 Importance of Construction Industry in Developing Countries
        1.2.2 Importance of Research in Pakistan
    1.3 Problem Statement
    1.4 Research Objectives
    1.5 Research Questions
    1.6 Significance of the Study
    1.7 Research Scope
    1.8 Organization of the Research
2 Literature Review
    2.1 Introduction
        2.1.1 Projects and Project Organizations
        2.1.2 Project Contracting Arrangements
        2.1.3 Cost of Contracting and Economics
    2.2 Cost Escalation as a Global Phenomenon in Construction Industry
    2.3 Neoclassical Economic Theory
        2.3.1 Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) as a Theoretical Perspective
        2.3.2 Transaction Cost Economics in Construction Projects
    2.4 Cause of TC Escalation in Construction Projects
    2.5 Uncertainty and Classification of Ex-post Transaction Cost
        2.5.1 Definition of Uncertainty
        2.5.2 Classification of Ex-post Transaction Cost
    2.6 Differentiation of Uncertainty and Risk in Literature
    2.7 Uncertainty as a Risk in Literature
        2.7.1 Taxonomy of Risk in Construction Projects
        2.7.2 Identification of Risk Factors that Influence on TC
    2.8 Uncertainty as an Opportunity in Literature
        2.8.1 Classification and Identifications of Uncertainty Factors
        2.8.2 Uncertainty as an Opportunity Used by Previous Studies
    2.9 Theoretical Framework of the Study
3 Research Methodology
    3.1 Methodology (Conceptual)
        3.1.1 Research Philosophy
        3.1.2 Research Logic for Theory Development
        3.1.3 Methodological Research Approaches (Qualitative or Quantitative)
    3.2 Methodology (Operational)
        3.2.1 Literature Review for Questionnaire Development
        3.2.2 Pilot Study
        3.2.3 Questionnaire Design and Sampling
        3.2.4 Data Collection Method
    3.3 Data Analysis Instruments Used in Research
        3.3.1 Factor Analysis
        3.3.2 Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM)
        3.3.3 Spearmen's Rank Correlations and RII
4 Critical Causes of Transaction Cost Escalation
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Research Methodology
        4.2.1 Semi-Structured Interview
        4.2.2 Questionnaire Survey
    4.3 Data Analysis
        4.3.1 Respondents'General Information
        4.3.2 Analysis and Ranking of Causes of Transaction Costs
    4.4 Factor Analysis
    4.5 Discussion
    4.6 Explanation of of the Causes found in Different Countries
    4.7 Conclusion
    4.8 Chapter Summary
5 Analysis of Risk associated with the Transactions Cost
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Conceptual Model and Hypothesis Development
    5.3 Hypothesis Development
        5.3.1 Internal Risk and its Linkage to the TC
        5.3.2 External risk and its linkage to the TC escalation
    5.4 Research Methodology
        5.4.1 Initial List of Survey Questionnaire
        5.4.2 Pilot Study and Questionnaire Design
        5.4.3 Data Sampling and Collection Procedure
    5.5 Data Analysis
        5.5.1 Measurement Model Assessment
        5.5.2 Structural Model Assessment
    5.6 Discussion
    5.7 Conclusion
    5.8 Chapter Summary
6 Opportunities to Control the Transaction Cost
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Research Methodology
    6.3 Data Analysis and Results
        6.3.1 Ranking of the Uncertainty Factors
        6.3.2 Spearmen's Rank Correlation
        6.3.3 Identification of General Uncertainty Factors Influencing TC
        6.3.4 Ranking of Main Groups'Contribution to Overall Uncertainty
        6.3.5 Comparison of Project Managers'and Consultants'Views
    6.4 Discussion
        6.4.1 Competitive Bidding
        6.4.2 Incomplete Project Design
        6.4.3 Delay Payments to Contractor
        6.4.4 Managing Conflict
        6.4.5 Delay in Obtaining Site Access
        6.4.6 Force Majeure
        6.4.7 Demand for Speedy Work
        6.4.8 Impractical Tender Estimation
        6.4.9 Failure of Owner to Undertake Responsibilities
        6.4.10 Failure to Detect Contractor's Characteristics
    6.5 Conclusion
    6.6 Chapter Summary
7 Discussion and Conclusion
    7.1 Research Problem, Objective and Findings
    7.2 Practical Implications
    7.3 Theoretical Implications
    7.4 Study Limitations and Future Research
        7.4.1 Limitation of the Study
        7.4.2 Recommendations for Future Research
Innovative Points of the Thesis
References
Appendix A-Cost Escalation Issues in Developing Countries
Appendix B-The Summary of Transaction Cost Escalation Causes
Appendix C-Details of loading
Appendix D-The Questionnaire Used in the Survey
Appendix E-The Questionnaire Used in the Survey
Appendix F-The Questionnaire Used in the Survey
Research Projects and Publications during Ph.D. Period
Acknowledgement
Curriculum Vitae


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]Managing project risks and uncertainties[J]. Mike Mentis.  Forest Ecosystems. 2015(01)



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