本文選題：項(xiàng)目管理 + 項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)家固定資產(chǎn)的增加主要依靠的是工程項(xiàng)目,工程項(xiàng)目也是我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要措施,工程項(xiàng)目的實(shí)現(xiàn)有利于增加社會(huì)效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,增加國(guó)民收入,維持社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,保證我國(guó)的長(zhǎng)治久安。近幾年,建筑業(yè)不斷改革,社會(huì)分工不斷細(xì)化,受到商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與項(xiàng)目環(huán)境的影響,大型工程項(xiàng)目越來(lái)越復(fù)雜化,面對(duì)這種復(fù)雜化現(xiàn)象,傳統(tǒng)的工程項(xiàng)目管理方式已經(jīng)不符合大型工程項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展需要,因此對(duì)大型工程項(xiàng)目的管理模式應(yīng)符合實(shí)際變化,具有創(chuàng)新意識(shí),滿足大型工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜化的發(fā)展要求。在工程項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中,影響項(xiàng)目實(shí)施和操作的因素眾多,各因素之間的關(guān)系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。由物力、財(cái)力、人力、技術(shù)等要素構(gòu)成的項(xiàng)目系統(tǒng)處于動(dòng)態(tài)變化之中,這些因素之間的相關(guān)程度和系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性使得工程項(xiàng)目的復(fù)雜水平上升,不確定性增強(qiáng)。傳統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)目管理理論無(wú)法滿足現(xiàn)階段管理實(shí)踐的需要,從復(fù)雜性視角研究項(xiàng)目管理就成為一個(gè)新的解決思路,如何更為系統(tǒng)、深入的分析項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性,如何通過(guò)有效控制項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性以達(dá)到影響項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的就成為擺在管理者面前的一個(gè)理論和實(shí)踐問(wèn)題。目前,在學(xué)術(shù)研究領(lǐng)域關(guān)于工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性以及項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性測(cè)度方法的研究尚處于起步階段,這種理論滯后于實(shí)踐需求的狀況亟需學(xué)者從復(fù)雜性的視角研究工程項(xiàng)目管理的問(wèn)題。本文針對(duì)工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),結(jié)合科學(xué)變革的時(shí)代背景,對(duì)工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性開(kāi)展了研究并提出了工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性管理的新模式。本文基于先前對(duì)于項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性研究的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和理論,從靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)的視角探究影響工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性因素以及復(fù)雜程度的測(cè)量方法。首先,基于靜態(tài)視角探究項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性影響因素。復(fù)雜性影響因素并非獨(dú)立存在,而是各因素之間相互影響。先前對(duì)于項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性影響因素的分析都是簡(jiǎn)單的將各因素作為獨(dú)立變量進(jìn)行測(cè)量,而忽略對(duì)于各因素之間關(guān)聯(lián)程度的探索�；陟o態(tài)視角,本文通過(guò)矩陣分析,測(cè)算影響因素之間距離的方法研究財(cái)務(wù)、成本、時(shí)間、環(huán)境和技術(shù)之間的聯(lián)系程度,從而說(shuō)明工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性程度不僅僅受單獨(dú)因素的影響,同時(shí)還受到因素之間交互影響。其次,從動(dòng)態(tài)視角探究項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性影響因素。項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性影響因素在不同時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)中的影響程度存在顯著差異,僅僅基于靜態(tài)視角對(duì)于復(fù)雜性影響因素進(jìn)行衡量,會(huì)在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)失真現(xiàn)象。因此,應(yīng)該基于動(dòng)態(tài)視角對(duì)復(fù)雜性影響因素進(jìn)行測(cè)量和研究。本文基于動(dòng)態(tài)視角和進(jìn)化樹(shù)算法,探究項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性影響因素動(dòng)態(tài)演化,了解影響因素在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施中的變化程度和演化過(guò)程,更加有效和準(zhǔn)確的了解項(xiàng)目的復(fù)雜性。最后,從子項(xiàng)目和項(xiàng)目整體分析復(fù)雜性。對(duì)于大型工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性的研究不能僅僅局限于總體程度,同時(shí)也應(yīng)該關(guān)注于子項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性的探究,進(jìn)而了解項(xiàng)目整體復(fù)雜性的程度。先前的研究對(duì)于項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性的研究較少關(guān)注于子項(xiàng)目的復(fù)雜性,大多直接集中于整體復(fù)雜性程度,導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加和管理失效。本文基于馬爾科夫鏈——熵方法,首先通過(guò)馬爾科夫鏈原理衡量不同時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)中子項(xiàng)目在項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性中的重要程度,對(duì)子項(xiàng)目的復(fù)雜程度進(jìn)行排名,然后通過(guò)熵方法測(cè)算整體項(xiàng)目的復(fù)雜性數(shù)值。本文通過(guò)構(gòu)建相關(guān)性矩陣模型,系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹(shù)方法,以及馬爾科夫鏈——熵模型,從大型工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性靜態(tài)影響因素之間的聯(lián)系、復(fù)雜性動(dòng)態(tài)影響因素之間的變化以及工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性衡量的角度對(duì)工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性進(jìn)行了分析,并通過(guò)案例研究對(duì)方法的使用進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。相關(guān)矩陣模型通過(guò)對(duì)五元素框架的研究,從系統(tǒng)的角度說(shuō)明,是這些元素的相互作用和相互影響使得項(xiàng)目變得更加復(fù)雜。系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹(shù)方法通過(guò)對(duì)復(fù)雜性的分析,能夠?qū)?fù)雜性進(jìn)行分類(lèi),追溯復(fù)雜性進(jìn)化的歷史,并預(yù)測(cè)復(fù)雜性進(jìn)化的未來(lái)。馬爾科夫鏈——熵模型揭示了系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)本質(zhì)并進(jìn)而確定項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性水平,同時(shí),可以比較不同項(xiàng)目之間的相對(duì)復(fù)雜程度。本文所使用的三種定量方法,從不同的角度對(duì)項(xiàng)目管理作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行進(jìn)行了考量。作為一種補(bǔ)充和借鑒,通過(guò)定量研究的方法能夠從更加客觀和直觀的角度來(lái)衡量大型工程項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜性。為項(xiàng)目管理的決策者提供參考,同時(shí)也為項(xiàng)目管理的理論研究提供一個(gè)新的視角。
[Abstract]:The increase of the national fixed assets mainly depends on the engineering projects. The project is also an important measure to adjust the industrial structure of the economic development mode in China. The realization of the project is conducive to increasing the social and economic benefits, increasing the national income, maintaining the steady development of the social economy and ensuring the long-term stability of our country. In recent years, the construction of the project has been built. With the continuous reform of the construction industry and the continuous refinement of the social division of labor and the influence of the commercial competition and the project environment, the large-scale engineering projects are becoming more and more complex. In the face of this complex phenomenon, the traditional engineering project management methods have not met the needs of the development of large projects. Therefore, the management mode of large projects should be in accordance with the actual changes. In the process of engineering project implementation, there are many factors affecting the implementation and operation of the project, and the relationship between the factors is complex. The project system consists of material, financial, manpower, technology and other factors in the dynamic change, and the degree of correlation between these factors. The dynamic nature of the system increases the complexity of the project and the uncertainty is enhanced. The traditional project management theory can not meet the needs of the management practice at the present stage. The study of project management from the perspective of complexity becomes a new solution. How to more systematically and deeply analyze the complexity of the project and how to pass the effective control item In order to achieve the goal of affecting project risk, it is a theoretical and practical problem facing the managers. At present, the research on the complexity of engineering projects and the measure method of project complexity in the field of academic research is still in its infancy. In view of the development trend of engineering project complexity and the background of scientific change, this paper studies the complexity of engineering projects and puts forward a new model for the complexity management of engineering projects. This paper is based on the related literature and theory of the previous research on the complexity of the project, from static and dynamic. The angle of state explores the factors that affect the complexity of the project and the measurement methods of the complexity. First, the influence factors of the complexity of the project are explored based on the static perspective. The influence factors of the complexity are not independent, but the interaction between the factors. Based on the static perspective, this paper studies the relationship between the financial, cost, time, environment and technology, which shows that the degree of complexity of the project is not only influenced by the individual factors, based on the static perspective. Meanwhile, it is also influenced by the interaction between factors. Secondly, the influence factors of the complexity of the project are explored from the dynamic perspective. The impact of the factors on the complexity of the project complexity has significant difference in the different time nodes. We should measure and study the factors that affect the complexity based on the dynamic perspective. Based on the dynamic perspective and the evolutionary tree algorithm, this paper explores the dynamic evolution of the factors affecting the complexity of the project, understanding the change degree and evolution process of the influencing factors in the project implementation, and more effectively and accurately understanding the complexity of the project. Finally, subproject and The complexity of the project is complex. The study of the complexity of large project projects should not only be limited to the overall degree, but also should pay attention to the complexity of the sub project, and then understand the degree of the overall complexity of the project. In this paper, based on Markov chain theory, this paper uses Markov chain theory to measure the importance of different time node neutrons in the complexity of the project, ranking the complexity of the sub projects, and then calculates the overall project by entropy method. By constructing the correlation matrix model, the phylogenetic tree method, and the Markov chain entropy model, this paper divides the complexity of the project from the connection of the static influence factors of the complexity of the large engineering project complexity, the change of the complexity dynamic factors and the angle of the engineering project complexity. Analysis and verification of the use of the method through case study. Through the study of the five element framework, the correlation matrix model shows that the interaction and interaction of these elements make the project more complex. The phylogenetic tree method can classify the complexity by analyzing the complexity and tracing back to the complexity. The history of complex evolution and the prediction of the future of complexity evolution. The Markov chain, the entropy model, reveals the dynamic nature of the system and then determines the level of the complexity of the project. At the same time, it can compare the relative complexity between different projects. The three quantitative methods used in this paper have been used as one of the project management from different angles. As a supplement and reference, the quantitative research method can be used to measure the complexity of large project projects from a more objective and visual angle. It provides a reference for the decision-makers of project management, and also provides a new perspective for the theoretical research of project management.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU71;F224

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