本文關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)基因食品消費行為研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品 感知風(fēng)險 購買意愿 支付意愿 陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好

【摘要】：自從被批準(zhǔn)商業(yè)化應(yīng)用以來,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物就在全世界范圍內(nèi)迅速推廣,取得了舉世矚目的成就。種植面積從1996年的170萬公頃增長到2015年的1.79億公頃,累積擴展了100多倍。然而,在轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的同時,國際上圍繞其安全性的爭論亦愈演愈烈。支持者認(rèn)為,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)能夠為人類提供更多優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效的產(chǎn)品,降低了生產(chǎn)成本,同時減輕了對環(huán)境的污染。反對者認(rèn)為,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)會給人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來不可逆的影響,同時引起人們在倫理道德方面的擔(dān)憂。《國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要(2006-2020)》提出,發(fā)展新的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物品種被認(rèn)定是一個很重要的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展項目。但來自國際農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)應(yīng)用服務(wù)組織(ISAAA)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的種植面積自2013年以來已經(jīng)連續(xù)兩年有所下降,從2013年的420萬公頃下降到2014年的390萬公頃,2015年再次下降到370萬公頃。目前被批準(zhǔn)商業(yè)化種植的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物只有轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花和木瓜,轉(zhuǎn)基因主糧的商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)在我國完全沒有實現(xiàn),已經(jīng)獲取植物轉(zhuǎn)基因安全證書的轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲水稻面臨著證書的失效。種種情況表明,現(xiàn)階段我國轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展與推廣面臨著很大的不確定性。作為鑒定市場上產(chǎn)品成功與否的重要因素,消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度和購買行為可以有效地反映其對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的認(rèn)可度,從而進(jìn)一步影響轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的發(fā)展與產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程。那么,現(xiàn)階段我國消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度如何?他們是否了解與轉(zhuǎn)基因食品相關(guān)的風(fēng)險和收益?他們是否愿意購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品?他們愿意為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品支付的最高價格是多少?他們所陳述的購買意愿與實際的購買行為是否一致?這些都是本文所要研究的主要問題。在系統(tǒng)梳理國內(nèi)外有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品消費行為的文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文以消費者行為理論、信息不對稱理論、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量屬性理論、感知風(fēng)險理論為依據(jù),采用問卷調(diào)查法、歸納法、計量經(jīng)濟分析等方法對消費者的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品消費行為展開研究。首先,基于對相關(guān)理論的歸納,設(shè)計出本研究的理論分析框架;其次,通過對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)的分析,探討消費者對我國食品安全現(xiàn)狀的感知,以及對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的感知風(fēng)險和感知收益,并構(gòu)建結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型來分析消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的感知風(fēng)險與感知收益之間的相互影響及外在因素對兩者的影響;再次,在微觀數(shù)據(jù)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,探討消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的購買意愿及影響因素。并以轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油為例,了解并分析消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油的支付意愿及影響因素;然后,探討消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好的關(guān)系,并進(jìn)一步分析影響兩者關(guān)系的因素;最后,根據(jù)研究所得出的結(jié)論,提出相關(guān)政策建議,以期為相關(guān)部門的決策提供依據(jù)。本文所得出的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)樣本區(qū)域內(nèi)高達(dá)90.27%的被調(diào)查者明確表示聽說過轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,但只有18.3%的被調(diào)查者愿意接受轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,被調(diào)查者接受程度最高的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是抗病蟲害的轉(zhuǎn)基因水果或蔬菜。33.07%的被調(diào)查者認(rèn)為發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有意義,21.26%的被調(diào)查者選擇支持發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。同時,15.47%的被調(diào)查者贊同轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用,接近60%的被調(diào)查者不支持我國政府進(jìn)口大量的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,53.98%的被調(diào)查者不清楚我國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的標(biāo)識政策。(2)通過分析被調(diào)查者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的感知風(fēng)險和感知收益可知,那些認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品能夠給人體健康和環(huán)境帶來危害的被調(diào)查者比重遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于那些不認(rèn)為有此風(fēng)險的被調(diào)查者;認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品能給人類和環(huán)境帶來收益的被調(diào)查者比重較低;與此同時,有很大比例的被調(diào)查者不清楚與轉(zhuǎn)基因食品相關(guān)的風(fēng)險和收益。結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的回歸結(jié)果顯示,影響消費者感知風(fēng)險的因素是其性別、個人月收入、家庭人口數(shù)和家庭是否有特殊人群。影響消費者感知收益的因素是其性別、年齡和轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識。(3)樣本區(qū)域內(nèi)70.86%的被調(diào)查者不愿意購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,29.14%的被調(diào)查者表示愿意購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。影響消費者選擇購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的因素是其性別、年齡、個人月收入、家庭是否有特殊人群、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識以及對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的感知風(fēng)險和感知收益。其中,女性、年輕人、個人收入水平較低者、家庭無特殊人群的消費者愿意購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識了解越多的消費者越傾向于購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,對其感知風(fēng)險越高的消費者越不愿意購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品感知收益越高的消費者對其購買意愿越高。(4)通過分析被調(diào)查者對5升裝轉(zhuǎn)基因菜籽油的支付意愿可知,樣本區(qū)域內(nèi)的大部分被調(diào)查者不愿意為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品支付任何的溢價,只有在比非轉(zhuǎn)基因食品價格低的情況下才愿意購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。被調(diào)查者對5升裝轉(zhuǎn)基因菜籽油的平均支付意愿約為市場價格的20%左右。年輕人、受教育水平較低者、家庭中無特殊人群的消費者更愿意為轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油支付較高的價格。對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有較低感知風(fēng)險和較高感知收益的消費者也愿意為轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油支付較高的價格。(5)本文將消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好的關(guān)系分為四類,即陳述愿意購買實際也購買者,陳述愿意購買而實際未購買者,陳述不愿意購買而實際購買者,陳述不愿意購買而實際也未購買者。分析結(jié)果顯示,被調(diào)查者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好的一致性高達(dá)62.88%,53.49%的被調(diào)查者不愿意購買而實際也并未購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油,9.39%的被調(diào)查者愿意并實際購買了轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油。以不愿意而實際也未購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油的被調(diào)查者為基礎(chǔ)類別,運用無序多分類logistics模型分析消費者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,愿意并實際購買轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油的消費者主要受其性別、受教育程度、收入、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識及感知風(fēng)險的影響。陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好存在差異的消費者,即愿意購買而實際未購買者及不愿意購買而實際購買者,其性別、年齡、收入、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識及感知風(fēng)險是影響兩者關(guān)系的主要因素�？傮w來講,女性、受教育水平較高者、擁有較多轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識的人、對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品感知風(fēng)險較高者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油的陳述性偏好與顯示性偏好的一致性較高,其所陳述的購買意愿與實際的購買行為一致。
[Abstract]:Since the commercialized application has been approved, genetically modified crops have been popularized worldwide and achieved remarkable achievements. The planting area has increased from 1 million 700 thousand hectares in 1996 to 179 million hectares in 2015, which has accumulated more than 100 times. However, with the rapid development of genetically modified technology, the international debate around its security is becoming more and more intense. Proponents believe that transgenic technology can provide more high-quality, high-yield and efficient products for humans, reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution. The opponents believe that transgenic technology will bring irreversible effects on human health and the ecological environment, and cause people's ethical concerns. The outline of the national medium and long term plan for science and technology development (2006-2020) put forward that the development of new genetically modified crop varieties is recognized as a very important agricultural development project. But from the international agricultural biotechnology application service organization (ISAAA) data show that transgenic crops in the planting area of our country since 2013 has two consecutive years of decline, from 4 million 200 thousand hectares in 2013 dropped to 3 million 900 thousand hectares in 2014, again in 2015 dropped to 3 million 700 thousand hectares. Currently approved commercial cultivation of GM crops only cotton and transgenic papaya, commercial production of genetically modified staple food in China did not realize, transgenic plants have access to the security certificate transgenic rice face certificate failure. The situation shows that the development and promotion of transgenic technology and products in China are facing great uncertainty at this stage. As an important factor to identify whether the product is successful or not, consumers' attitudes towards GM foods and their purchase behavior can effectively reflect their recognition degree of genetically modified foods, which will further affect the development and industrialization of genetically modified foods. So, how to present consumer attitudes toward genetically modified food? Whether they understand the risks and benefits associated with genetically modified food? Whether they are willing to buy genetically modified food? How much is the highest price they are willing to pay for genetically modified food? Purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of their stated whether these are the main problems? This paper is to study. Based on combing the domestic and foreign related genetically modified food consumer behavior literature, based on the consumer behavior theory, information asymmetry theory, product quality attribute theory, perceived risk theory, using the method of questionnaire research, induction method, econometric analysis method of genetically modified food consumption behavior of consumers. First of all, the theory summarized based on the theoretical framework of this study design; secondly, through the analysis of the survey data, to investigate the consumers' perception of the status quo of China's food safety, as well as on genetically modified food perceived risk and perceived benefits, and construct the structural equation model to analyze the interaction between consumers of genetically modified food the perceived risk and perceived benefits and effects of external factors on the two; again, based on micro data analysis, study on consumer willingness to buy genetically modified food and its influencing factors. Taking transgenic edible oil as an example, analyze the factors of consumer willingness to pay for transgenic edible oil and influence; then discusses the consumers of genetically modified edible oil and shows the relationship between the stated preference preference, and further analysis the influence factors of the relationship between the two; finally, according to the conclusions, puts forward relevant policy suggestions, provide according to relevant departments for decision-making. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the sample area up to 90.27% of the respondents explicitly heard of genetically modified food, but only 18.3% of the respondents are willing to accept genetically modified food, respondents to the highest degree of acceptance of genetically modified food is insect resistant transgenic fruits or vegetables. 33.07% of the respondents believed that the development of genetically modified foods was meaningful, and 21.26% of the respondents chose to support the development of genetically modified foods. Meanwhile, 15.47% of the respondents agreed with the commercialized application of GM food. Nearly 60% of respondents did not support our government's import of large quantities of GM food, and 53.98% of respondents did not know the labeling policy of GMF in China. (2) through the analysis of genetically modified food respondents perceived risk and perceived benefits that those who believe that genetically modified food can bring harm to human health and the environment of the respondents is higher than those who do not think there is the risk of the respondents; believe that genetically modified food can bring benefits to human beings and the environment of the respondents the proportion is low; at the same time, a large proportion of the respondents do not know the risks and benefits associated with genetically modified food. The regression results of structural equation models show that the factors that affect consumers' perceived risk are gender, personal income, family size and family members. The factors that affect the perceived benefit of consumers are their sex, age and knowledge of genetically modified foods. (3) 70.86% of the respondents in the sample area were reluctant to buy genetically modified foods, and 29.14% of the respondents expressed their willingness to buy genetically modified foods. The factors that affect consumers' purchase of GM foods are gender, age, personal monthly income, family specific populations, knowledge of genetically modified foods and perceived risk and perceived benefits of genetically modified foods. Among them, women, young people, lower individual income levels, and consumers who have no special families are willing to buy genetically modified foods. The more consumers who know more about GM foods, the more likely they are to buy GM foods. The more consumers with higher perceived risk are, the more unwilling consumers are to buy GM foods. The higher the perceived benefit of GM foods is, the higher the consumers' willingness to purchase GM foods. (4) through the score
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.7;F126.1

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