發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-18 10:37

【摘要】：厭氧氨氧化是Anammox菌體將NH4+和NO2-轉(zhuǎn)化為N2的過(guò)程。與傳統(tǒng)生物脫氮技術(shù)相比,厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)具有脫氮效率高、不需外加碳源、不需曝氣、污泥產(chǎn)量低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到國(guó)內(nèi)外研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。但是,Anammox細(xì)菌具有倍增緩慢難以富集和環(huán)境敏感等缺點(diǎn),這使其工業(yè)應(yīng)用推廣受到了限制。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本論文以Anammox菌體為研究對(duì)象,探尋了Anammox菌體的鐵還原代謝途徑；并通過(guò)探索群體感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象對(duì)Anammox菌體生理特性的影響,開(kāi)發(fā)了通過(guò)外源添加Anammox菌體顆粒污泥反應(yīng)器(Anammox Granular Sludge Reactor, AGSR)上清液提高Anammox菌體氮去除能力、加速厭氧氨氧化啟動(dòng)的方法；分析了群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)在維持菌體顆粒穩(wěn)定和保持儲(chǔ)存菌種活性中的作用。本論文的研究成果如下：(1)Anammox菌體具有鐵還原能力,在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,Anammox菌體鐵還原的最適反應(yīng)條件為pH=7時(shí),以甲酸鹽為電子供體,Fe(Ⅲ)-NTA為電子受體進(jìn)行反應(yīng)。其中,約有80%的鐵還原酶定位于Anammox菌體的膜組分,20%鐵還原酶活性存在于可溶性組分。菌體內(nèi)厭氧氨氧化體鐵還原活性占總體活性的51%。Anammox菌體在氮代謝同時(shí)鐵還原反應(yīng)中,氮代謝過(guò)程不會(huì)受到影響,但是其還原產(chǎn)生的Fe2+含量?jī)H為鐵還原組的7.02%。(2) AGSR上清液中含有群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)C12-HSL。利用含C12-HSL的AGSR上清液制備反應(yīng)器進(jìn)水,能將厭氧氨氧化啟動(dòng)進(jìn)程從80天縮短到66天。同時(shí),Anammox細(xì)菌的氮負(fù)荷率(Nigrogen Loading Rate, NLR)也提高到對(duì)照組的1.6倍。此外,AGSR上清液還能促進(jìn)反應(yīng)器中菌體的胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS)分泌和Anammox菌體的富集,同時(shí)影響菌群演化。(3)群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)能影響Anammox菌體的氮代謝活性,并通過(guò)調(diào)控EPS分泌影響Anammox菌體顆粒的強(qiáng)度、粒徑和穩(wěn)定性。利用香草醛和豬腎�；笇�(duì)群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行抑制,Anammox菌體的厭氧氨氧化活性(Specific Anammox Activity, SAA)從178.48 mg N/g VSS·d分別降低到156.66和156.51 mg N/g VSS·d。酶粗提物活性從2.33 μmol cytochrome c/min/mg protein降低到1.63和1.47 μmol cytochrome c/min/mg protein。抑制群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)會(huì)造成菌體顆粒穩(wěn)定性、粒徑及強(qiáng)度的下降。這種穩(wěn)定性的下降主要是由于EPS中的蛋白(Protein, PN)及多糖(Polysaccharide, PS)含量降低和PN/PS比例變化造成的。(4)群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)有助于Anammox菌體在儲(chǔ)藏條件下活性和血紅素c (Heme c)含量的保持。分別在絮狀和顆粒狀A(yù)nammox菌體中外源添加10mg/LC12-HSL和1g/L豬腎�；�,并于室溫(20℃)條件下儲(chǔ)存90天,加入C12-HSL的Anammox絮狀菌體活性比不加入外源物質(zhì)儲(chǔ)存后菌體活性高6.13%,而加入豬腎�；溉コ后w感應(yīng)信號(hào)的Anammox顆粒狀菌體活性?xún)H為對(duì)照組菌體活性的86.24%。加入C12-HSL的Anammox絮狀菌體的酶粗提物活性提高了27.73%,而加入豬腎�；傅腁nammox菌體顆粒的酶粗提物活性?xún)H為對(duì)照組菌體活性的86.44%。群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)還有助于Anammox菌體中Heme c含量的保持。加入C12-HSL信號(hào)儲(chǔ)存的絮狀A(yù)nammox菌體中Heme c含量比對(duì)照組高27.03%。而加入豬腎�；负蟮腁nammox顆粒狀菌體中Heme c的含量?jī)H為對(duì)照組菌體中Heme c含量的59.65%。
[Abstract]:The anaerobic ammoxidation is the process of converting NH4 + and NO2-into N2 by the Anammox cells. Compared with the traditional biological denitrification technology, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology has the advantages of high denitrification efficiency, no need of external carbon source, no need of aeration, low sludge yield and the like, and is widely concerned by the researchers at home and abroad. however, that Anammox bacteria have the disadvantage of being slow to accumulate and sensitive to the environment, which limit their industrial application. In the light of the above-mentioned problems, the paper, taking the Anammox thalli as the research object, explored the iron reduction and metabolic pathway of the Anammox thalli, and developed the Anammox Granular Saudge Reactor by adding the Anammox thalli granular sludge reactor through the study of the effect of the population induction on the physiological characteristics of the Anammox thalli. The method for improving the nitrogen removal capacity of the Anammox cell and accelerating the initiation of the anaerobic ammoxidation is carried out on the AGSR), and the effect of the population induction signal in the maintenance of the cell particle stability and the preservation of the activity of the storage strain is analyzed. The results of this paper are as follows: (1) The Anammox thalli has the ability of iron reduction. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimum reaction conditions for the reduction of the Anammox thalli are pH = 7, and the acid salt is the electron donor, and the Fe (鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2410623