納米通道水輸運(yùn)與離子篩選的微觀力學(xué)機(jī)理
[Abstract]:Nano-channel water transport and ion screening are widely used in various fields such as seawater desalination, bionics, fabrication of micro-nano devices and so on. The microscopic mechanism of water transport and ion screening has been studied in physics, chemistry, mechanics, life science, etc. Material science and other disciplines are of great significance. In this paper, the micromechanical mechanisms of water transport and ion screening in nanochannels are systematically studied, focusing on three key mechanical problems: boundary slip, contact angle hysteresis and size effect. Based on the theory of molecular dynamics, a theoretical model for boundary slip of complex surfaces is proposed. The concept of equivalent potential well depth is introduced to characterize the effect of solid-liquid interaction mechanism on boundary slip. The boundary slip behavior of nanoscale flow on a chemically complicated surface and a geometric complex surface was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The extended molecular kinetic slip model can predict the nonlinear variation of slip velocity on complex wall under large shear stress, and explain the effect of wall configuration on the interface flow more intuitively from the microscopic scale. Based on the contact angle hysteresis mechanism, the directional transport of droplets between non-parallel smooth and sawtooth walls is studied. The repeated opening and closing of the wall exerts continuous stretching and extrusion on the droplets to provide power for droplet transport. The asymmetric serrated configuration hinders the droplet's backward movement and makes the droplet gain a net displacement during each opening and closing period. With the help of the ratchet effect on the sawtooth wall, not only the reverse motion of the droplets away from the tip on the hydrophobic wall is restrained, but also the transport efficiency of the droplets to the tip is improved effectively. It is proved that the pinning of contact line is not an inevitable stage in the process of droplet transport. The transport of droplets to the tip can be realized by the accumulation of net displacement to the tip during the complete opening and closing period. Based on the coupling effect of helical nanowires and nanotubes, a nano-screw pump was designed and used for the directional transport of water. By studying the mechanism of water transport in nano-screw pump with different geometric parameters, it is found that there are three modes of water transport in nano-screw pump: cluster, pseudo-continuous and linear continuity. The effects of blade speed, vane wettability and diameter of screw pump on the transport mechanism were studied. The results show that the flow rate increases with the decrease of helix wettability. The weak hydrogen bond in the hydrophobic small diameter helical pump due to space limitation intensifies the nonlinear transport of water molecules. The nanometer screw pump is extended to desalination field. High efficiency ion separation is realized based on size effect by reducing blade pitch to create limited space. The mechanism of water transport in the screw pump can be explained by the synergistic effect of the limited resistance and the helical pitch determined by the water transport mode. The water transmittance can be effectively optimized by increasing the diameter of the screw pump pipe and reducing the number of pitch contained in the screw blade. The complete filtration of salt ions and the realization of high flow rate at the same time prove that the nano-screw pump is not only an ideal nano-device for desalination of seawater, but also can be applied to other more general separation operations based on size effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:O363.2
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