超環(huán)面全息光柵的優(yōu)化設計與制作技術研究
[Abstract]:The toroidal holographic grating has been playing an important role in the fields of ultra-ultraviolet and soft X-ray band high resolution spectrometer since it was invented. The toroidal holographic grating has many advantages, such as dispersion, focusing imaging, aberration correction, ghost-free, low stray light and so on. In this paper, a series of in-depth studies on the optimization method and fabrication technology of toroidal holographic gratings have been carried out. Firstly, the geometric aberration theory of the optical path function and the ray-tracing point diagram theory of toroidal holographic gratings have been deduced based on Fermat's principle. The traditional optical path function theory optimization function is improved, and a new optical path function optimization function of toroidal holographic grating is established by introducing the weight idea; the root-mean-square optimization function of the point sequence diagram is established according to the ray-tracing point sequence diagram of toroidal holographic grating; the geometric aberration theory of toroidal holographic grating and the theoretical design of ray-tracing point sequence diagram are combined A new optimum design method, balanced aberration optimum design method, is proposed, which combines genetic algorithm with local optimum design method to optimize the grating. The optimization efficiency is improved and the spectral performance of the grating is further improved. The results show that the balanced aberration optimization method is more suitable to optimize the parameters of the toroidal holographic grating fabricated by the spherical wave exposure system, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of high resolution toroidal holographic grating. Secondly, it is necessary to carry out the leveling process in the manufacturing process of toroidal holographic grating. Under the guidance of theory, the process of rotary coating method of toroidal holographic grating is analyzed from the point of view of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics; the approximate curvature radius function of the grating surface in the process of homogenizing is established; the homogenizing model of toroidal holographic grating in the non-lubricating state is established; and the homogenizing model is induced and polynomial by combining experiments. Fitting gives the laboratory coefficients needed to establish a complete homogenizing model; validating the established homogenizing model by experiment, and comparing and analyzing the homogenizing model under different process parameters; discussing and deducing the homogenizing model of concave sphere and plane grating suitable for lubricating and non-lubricating conditions. A series of models are in agreement with the experimental data, which can guide the leveling process to a certain extent. Thirdly, in order to analyze the influence of various parameter errors on the spectral performance of toroidal holographic gratings during fabrication and use, the spectral performance evaluation function of toroidal holographic gratings is established, which can be used to evaluate the spectral performance of toroidal holographic gratings. The image height, image width and spectral comprehensive performance of the ray-tracing dot-map of toroidal holographic grating are evaluated; the effects of parameters errors, recording parameters errors, substrate surface errors and leveling parameters errors in different stages of fabrication and use of the grating on the spectral performance of the grating are analyzed in depth; and the error compensation between the parameters is simulated. The method of compensating a single error at a certain stage by other parameters is analyzed, and the parameters and compensation methods which have great influence on the spectral performance in the process of developing and using the grating are determined. The defects easily appeared in the rotary coating leveling process were analyzed, and the causes and solutions of the defects were studied. Combined with the fabrication process of toroidal holographic grating, the design of spherical wave exposure light path and the real-time monitoring technology of asymmetric exposure development, the toroidal surface used in wide-band monochromator was introduced. The fabrication method of holographic grating provides theoretical guidance and experimental basis for the fabrication of toroidal holographic grating.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:O438.1
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