光子數(shù)可分辨探測(cè)及其量子探測(cè)層析研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-21 20:08
【摘要】：在單光子水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)光子數(shù)可分辨(PNR)探測(cè)是量子光學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究前沿和熱點(diǎn),尤其在量子態(tài)制備和量子過程(Quantum process)研究中是不可或缺的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在量子信息研究中,諸多量子中繼和線性光學(xué)量子計(jì)算方案也都是以PNR探測(cè)為基礎(chǔ)的。在近紅外通信波段,門控蓋革模式下的InGaAs/InP雪崩光電二極管(APD)是最常用的單光子探測(cè)器件,但是由于門控脈沖產(chǎn)生的尖峰信號(hào)的影響,人們很難獲得關(guān)于雪崩信號(hào)的原始信息,以至于無法實(shí)現(xiàn)PNR探測(cè)的功能。此外,對(duì)于PNR探測(cè)器的性能評(píng)測(cè),除了傳統(tǒng)的探測(cè)效率、暗計(jì)數(shù)和后脈沖等參數(shù)外,更重要的是完整描述PNR探測(cè)過程的量子特征,從而區(qū)別于簡(jiǎn)單的基于光強(qiáng)的經(jīng)典光電探測(cè)過程。量子探測(cè)層析技術(shù)(QDT)由J.S.Lundeen等科學(xué)家于2009年在Nature Phys.上首次提出,通過完整描述探測(cè)器的正值算符測(cè)度(POVM)矩陣來描述探測(cè)器的量子特征。QDT的出現(xiàn)為PNR探測(cè)器能否可以真正應(yīng)用于量子光學(xué)的實(shí)際系統(tǒng)中提供了可靠的評(píng)估依據(jù)。本文主要圍繞基于InGaAs/InPAPD的PNR探測(cè)技術(shù)開展研究工作。利用自平衡尖峰信號(hào)抑制技術(shù),高保真地采集雪崩信號(hào),通過分析雪崩信號(hào)峰值幅度的分布實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于InGaAs/InPAPD的直接型PNR探測(cè)。在自平衡尖峰信號(hào)抑制技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)展出了雙平衡尖峰信號(hào)抑制技術(shù)的新方案,進(jìn)一步壓縮尖峰信號(hào)的同時(shí)提高了雪崩信號(hào)的信噪比,有效的提升了 PNR探測(cè)的核心性能指標(biāo)。自主研制了 200 MHz多通道近紅外單光子探測(cè)器樣機(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于InGaAs/InPAPD的時(shí)分復(fù)用型PNR探測(cè),并利用量子探測(cè)層析技術(shù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)上重新構(gòu)建了探測(cè)器的POVM矩陣。時(shí)分復(fù)用型PNR探測(cè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果、理論模型模擬結(jié)果和利用重新構(gòu)建的POVM矩陣推算的結(jié)果具有很好的吻合度,充分表明QDT準(zhǔn)確、可靠的還原了時(shí)分復(fù)用的PNR探測(cè)過程。由重新構(gòu)建的POVM計(jì)算得到的Wigner函數(shù)在原點(diǎn)的負(fù)值表明此基于InGaAs/InPAPD多通道探測(cè)器的時(shí)分復(fù)用的PNR探測(cè)技術(shù)方案,具備光子量子態(tài)的探測(cè)能力,實(shí)現(xiàn)了真正的量子探測(cè)。本論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1.利用自平衡尖峰信號(hào)抑制技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于InGaAs/InP APD的直接型PNR探測(cè);提出雙平衡尖峰信號(hào)抑制技術(shù)的新方案,雪崩信號(hào)的信噪比進(jìn)一步提高至 11.2dB。2.自主研制了多通道200 MHz近紅外單光子探測(cè)器樣機(jī),4個(gè)通道的最高探測(cè)效率均高于25%,在探測(cè)效率為10%時(shí)的暗計(jì)數(shù)均小于1× 10-5/脈沖。3.利用多通道單光子探測(cè)器實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)分復(fù)用型PNR探測(cè),并在實(shí)驗(yàn)上使用QDT重新構(gòu)建了 PNR探測(cè)器的POVM矩陣。利用重新構(gòu)建的POVM矩陣推算得到的探測(cè)器輸出分布的還原度高達(dá)99.99%。與重新構(gòu)建的POVM矩陣對(duì)應(yīng)的Wigner函數(shù)在原點(diǎn)的負(fù)值驗(yàn)證了 PNR探測(cè)器的量子特性,表明該P(yáng)NR探測(cè)器具備光子量子態(tài)的探測(cè)能力。
[Abstract]:The realization of photon number discernible (PNR) detection at the single photon level is the research frontier and hotspot in the field of quantum optics, especially in the preparation of quantum states and the study of quantum process (Quantum process). In the study of quantum information, many quantum relay and linear optical quantum computing schemes are also based on PNR detection. In the near infrared communication band, the InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) in gate mode is the most commonly used single photon detector, but it is difficult to obtain the original information about the avalanche signal because of the effect of the spike signal produced by the gated pulse. It is impossible to realize the function of PNR detection. Besides the traditional parameters such as detection efficiency, dark count and post-pulse, it is more important to describe the quantum characteristics of the PNR detection process. Therefore, it is different from the simple classical photoelectric detection process based on light intensity. Quantum detection chromatography (QDT) was developed by J.S.Lundeen and other scientists in Nature in 2009. It is proposed for the first time that the quantum characteristics of the detector can be described by describing the positive operator measure (POVM) matrix of the detector completely. It provides a reliable evaluation basis for whether the PNR detector can be used in the real system of quantum optics. This paper focuses on PNR detection technology based on InGaAs/InPAPD. Using the self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, the avalanche signal is collected with high fidelity, and the direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized by analyzing the distribution of the peak amplitude of the avalanche signal. On the basis of self-balancing peak signal suppression technique, a new scheme of double balance peak signal suppression technique is developed, which further compresses the peak signal and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal. Effectively improves the core performance of PNR detection. A 200 MHz multi-channel near-infrared single-photon detector prototype is developed, and the time-division multiplexed PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized. The POVM matrix of the detector is reconstructed experimentally by quantum detection chromatography. The experimental results of time-division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection, the simulation results of theoretical model and the results calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix have a good agreement, which fully shows that QDT can accurately and reliably restore the TDM PNR detection process. The negative value of the Wigner function calculated by the reconstructed POVM at the origin indicates that this TDM PNR detection scheme based on the InGaAs/InPAPD multi-channel detector has the ability to detect the quantum states of photons and realizes the real quantum detection. The main innovations of this thesis are as follows: 1. Direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InP APD is realized by using self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, and a new scheme of double-balanced peak signal suppression technique is proposed. The signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal is further improved to 11.2dB.2. A multi-channel 200 MHz near-infrared single-photon detector prototype has been developed. The highest detection efficiency of the four channels is higher than 25 and the dark count is less than 1 脳 10 ~ (-5) / pulse 路3 when the detection efficiency is 10. Time division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection is realized by using multi-channel single-photon detector, and the POVM matrix of PNR detector is reconstructed by using QDT in experiments. The reduction degree of the output distribution calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix is as high as 99.9999. The negative value of the Wigner function corresponding to the reconstructed POVM matrix at the origin verifies the quantum properties of the PNR detector, which indicates that the PNR detector has the ability to detect photon quantum states.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O431.2
[Abstract]:The realization of photon number discernible (PNR) detection at the single photon level is the research frontier and hotspot in the field of quantum optics, especially in the preparation of quantum states and the study of quantum process (Quantum process). In the study of quantum information, many quantum relay and linear optical quantum computing schemes are also based on PNR detection. In the near infrared communication band, the InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) in gate mode is the most commonly used single photon detector, but it is difficult to obtain the original information about the avalanche signal because of the effect of the spike signal produced by the gated pulse. It is impossible to realize the function of PNR detection. Besides the traditional parameters such as detection efficiency, dark count and post-pulse, it is more important to describe the quantum characteristics of the PNR detection process. Therefore, it is different from the simple classical photoelectric detection process based on light intensity. Quantum detection chromatography (QDT) was developed by J.S.Lundeen and other scientists in Nature in 2009. It is proposed for the first time that the quantum characteristics of the detector can be described by describing the positive operator measure (POVM) matrix of the detector completely. It provides a reliable evaluation basis for whether the PNR detector can be used in the real system of quantum optics. This paper focuses on PNR detection technology based on InGaAs/InPAPD. Using the self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, the avalanche signal is collected with high fidelity, and the direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized by analyzing the distribution of the peak amplitude of the avalanche signal. On the basis of self-balancing peak signal suppression technique, a new scheme of double balance peak signal suppression technique is developed, which further compresses the peak signal and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal. Effectively improves the core performance of PNR detection. A 200 MHz multi-channel near-infrared single-photon detector prototype is developed, and the time-division multiplexed PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized. The POVM matrix of the detector is reconstructed experimentally by quantum detection chromatography. The experimental results of time-division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection, the simulation results of theoretical model and the results calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix have a good agreement, which fully shows that QDT can accurately and reliably restore the TDM PNR detection process. The negative value of the Wigner function calculated by the reconstructed POVM at the origin indicates that this TDM PNR detection scheme based on the InGaAs/InPAPD multi-channel detector has the ability to detect the quantum states of photons and realizes the real quantum detection. The main innovations of this thesis are as follows: 1. Direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InP APD is realized by using self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, and a new scheme of double-balanced peak signal suppression technique is proposed. The signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal is further improved to 11.2dB.2. A multi-channel 200 MHz near-infrared single-photon detector prototype has been developed. The highest detection efficiency of the four channels is higher than 25 and the dark count is less than 1 脳 10 ~ (-5) / pulse 路3 when the detection efficiency is 10. Time division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection is realized by using multi-channel single-photon detector, and the POVM matrix of PNR detector is reconstructed by using QDT in experiments. The reduction degree of the output distribution calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix is as high as 99.9999. The negative value of the Wigner function corresponding to the reconstructed POVM matrix at the origin verifies the quantum properties of the PNR detector, which indicates that the PNR detector has the ability to detect photon quantum states.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O431.2
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