發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 08:16

【摘要】：染化廢水中存在著類持久性有機(jī)污染物(類POPs),其成份復(fù)雜,類型多樣,是導(dǎo)致染化廢水難生物降解的主要物質(zhì)。在現(xiàn)有的研究中,微生物對(duì)染化廢水中不同類型類POPs的去除機(jī)制尚不明確,且缺乏微生物對(duì)類POPs去除的強(qiáng)化作用手段。本研究主要以染化廢水中典型類POPs微生物強(qiáng)化去除為研究目標(biāo),系統(tǒng)地研究了假單胞菌屬對(duì)不同類POPs的去除作用機(jī)制,探討了強(qiáng)化去除類POPs的技術(shù)。首先,對(duì)類POPs陽(yáng)離子染料甲基紫(MV)和非離子污染物苊(ACE)進(jìn)行了假單胞菌屬生化去除,發(fā)現(xiàn)類POPs主要以生物吸附去除作用為主。對(duì)于甲基紫而言,細(xì)胞壁和膜對(duì)甲基紫的吸附作用占到80%以上。緊密附著型胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)占到10%左右；而細(xì)胞壁和膜對(duì)苊的吸附作用占到70%以上,細(xì)胞內(nèi)部物質(zhì)的吸附作用占到10-25%。該研究表明,對(duì)于陽(yáng)離子型和非離子型類POPs物質(zhì),去除作用機(jī)理主要是生物吸附作用。生物吸附甲基紫起主要作用的物質(zhì)是蛋白質(zhì),而生物吸附苊起主要作用的物質(zhì)是脂類物質(zhì)。其次,對(duì)陰離子染料活性藍(lán)13(RB13)和污染物五氯酚(PCP)共存體系進(jìn)行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者都以生物降解去除為主。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PCP的存在對(duì)生物脫色RB13有抑制作用。通過(guò)生物降解RB13的過(guò)程分析,研究結(jié)果認(rèn)為,Michaelis-Menten方程中的動(dòng)力學(xué)常數(shù)Vmax和Km,在無(wú)PCP存在時(shí)分別為4.2mg/L·h及90.82 mg/L,而在20 mg/L PCP存在時(shí)則分別為0.58 mg/L·h和20.61mg/L。研究表明在多種類POPs污染物共存體系中,存在生物降解的電子競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用。對(duì)于陰離子型類POPs物質(zhì),生物去除的作用機(jī)理主要是生物降解作用。最后,針對(duì)陰離子型類POPs物質(zhì)生物降解效率低的問(wèn)題,研究了強(qiáng)化生物吸附和降解技術(shù)的方法。針對(duì)吸附去除的強(qiáng)化,制備了假單胞菌干菌,并進(jìn)行了改性。制備得到的改性干菌,在中性和酸性條件下都能較好地吸附去除陰離子型類POPs。同時(shí)探明了在不同pH值條件下,干菌與污染物之間的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)、等溫吸附模型及可能的吸附機(jī)理。針對(duì)降解去除的強(qiáng)化,通過(guò)引入氧化還原介體(AQS)設(shè)法提高其生物降解效率。研究考察了AQS對(duì)生物降解RB13和PCP的促進(jìn)作用原理。當(dāng)AQS最佳投加量為0.3 mmol/L,在有10 mg/L PCP存在的體系中,對(duì)于脫色和脫氯分別提高了4倍和2倍。同時(shí)對(duì)AQS進(jìn)行了固定化,在序批式反應(yīng)過(guò)程中,連續(xù)使用10輪以上,均能取得95%以上的生物脫色效果,表明制備得到的AQS-PVA小球具有較好的抗脫附性及運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:There are persistent organic pollutants (pops) in dyeing wastewater, which are the main substances that lead to the difficult biodegradation of dyeing wastewater. In the existing studies, the removal mechanism of different types of pops in dyeing wastewater by microorganisms is not clear, and there is a lack of means to enhance the removal of pops by microorganisms. In this study, the removal mechanism of different pops by Pseudomonas was systematically studied, and the technology of enhanced removal of pops was discussed. Firstly, pseudomonas was used to remove pops cationic dye methyl violet (MV) and acenaphthene (ACE). For methyl violet, the adsorption of methyl violet by cell wall and membrane accounted for more than 80%. Close adhesion extracellular polymers (TB-EPS) accounted for about 10%, while cell walls and membranes accounted for more than 70% of acenaphthene adsorbed. The results show that the removal mechanism is mainly biosorption for cationic and Nonionic pops-like substances. Protein is the main substance of biosorption of methyl violet, while acenaphthene is mainly adsorbed by acenaphthene. Secondly, the coexistence of reactive blue 13 (RB13) and PCP was studied. It was found that the presence of PCP inhibited biological decolorization of RB13. The kinetic constants Vmax and Km in the Michaelis-Menten equation were found to be 4.2 mg / L and 90.82 mg / L in the absence of PCP, respectively, and 0.58 mg / L and 20.61 mg / L in the presence of 20 mg / L PCP, respectively. It is shown that there is electronic competition in biodegradation in the coexistence system of multiple pops pollutants. For anionic pops-like substances, biodegradation is the main mechanism of bioremoval. Finally, aiming at the low biodegradation efficiency of anionic pops, the methods of enhanced biosorption and degradation were studied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was prepared and modified to enhance adsorption removal. The prepared modified dry bacteria can effectively adsorb and remove anionic POPslike under neutral and acidic conditions. At the same time, the adsorption kinetics, isothermal adsorption model and possible adsorption mechanism between dry bacteria and pollutants at different pH values were investigated. In order to improve the biodegradation efficiency, the redox medium (AQS) was introduced to enhance the biodegradation efficiency. The effects of AQS on biodegradation of RB13 and PCP were investigated. When the optimal dosage of AQS was 0.3 mmol / L, in the system with 10 mg / L PCP, decolorization and dechlorination were increased by 4 times and 2 times, respectively. At the same time, AQS was immobilized. In the process of sequential batch reaction, more than 95% biological decolorization effect could be obtained by continuous use of more than 10 rounds of batch reaction, which indicated that the prepared AQS-PVA pellets had good desorption resistance and operational stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X788;X172

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