本文選題：耗散控制設(shè)計(jì) + 后選擇弱測量　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：量子關(guān)聯(lián)雖然導(dǎo)致量子態(tài)的各種創(chuàng)新的應(yīng)用,但是也對環(huán)境噪音的反應(yīng)非常敏感。在常規(guī)的量子信息處理和各種量子技術(shù)中,量子態(tài)的制備需要隔絕外界的噪音。雖然在這個(gè)方向上的努力已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了單粒子或少粒子量子態(tài)的精確制備和控制,但是對于復(fù)雜的量子系統(tǒng)的制備和控制依然困難。在這種主流的研究思路之外,兩種非常規(guī)的量子態(tài)制備和量子信息處理方式在最近的十年內(nèi)開始得到更多人的關(guān)注。一是耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)的觀念,一是弱作用過程的研究。耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)考慮把系統(tǒng)外的環(huán)境也看作一種資源,用來設(shè)計(jì)穩(wěn)定的量子態(tài)。雖然有噪音的影響,我們依然可以通過耗散通路的設(shè)計(jì),獲得純的糾纏態(tài)和具有高度量子關(guān)聯(lián)的量子態(tài)。這些年,這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的基本想法和關(guān)鍵機(jī)制已經(jīng)被廣泛的討論,并且取得了顯著的成功。在弱作用過程下,作用的時(shí)間短暫,作用的強(qiáng)度非常弱,導(dǎo)致量子態(tài)的變化也非常小,但是也使得耗散過程可以被忽略,使得制備的量子態(tài)純度很高。一種弱作用過程加后選擇的想法最近得到了很多關(guān)注,稱為后選擇弱測量。這種觀念可以看成是在傳統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測量方案的基礎(chǔ)上加上后選擇。但是到了今天,這種觀念已經(jīng)突破了測量的范疇,成為量子態(tài)制備和精密測量的一個(gè)重要方案。在本論文中,我們對耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)在光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用做了非常有意義的探討,我們利用腔和遂穿誘導(dǎo)透明設(shè)計(jì)了兩種性能良好的量子器件,并且對熱態(tài)的后選擇問題做了開創(chuàng)性的研究。通過這些研究,可以看出耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)和后選擇弱測量尤其非常獨(dú)特的量子系統(tǒng)制備和控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為了實(shí)驗(yàn)量子光學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域,也激發(fā)了許多原創(chuàng)性的理論研究。由于力學(xué)振子系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)宏觀系統(tǒng),所以它所能產(chǎn)生的量子關(guān)聯(lián)對于我們理解各種量子基礎(chǔ)問題尤為重要。在光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生糾纏甚至強(qiáng)糾纏引起了很多人的關(guān)注。在本文中,我們用耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)的觀念討論了一個(gè)四模光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)糾纏問題�；谝郧暗奈恼轮杏懻搯栴}的思路,我們首次把耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)的思想用到常溫下的光力系統(tǒng)。在已有的工作中,光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)的兩體糾纏的對數(shù)負(fù)性在零溫時(shí)小于0.7,在常溫時(shí)根本沒有。王穎丹等人的工作給出產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)糾纏的方法,但是他們的工作是在零溫下討論的。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),該系統(tǒng)在常溫下也可以獲得顯著的糾纏,這與以前的光力學(xué)糾纏的工作是非常不同的。而且糾纏隨著溫度升高的變化方式也和以前的研究區(qū)別很大。同時(shí),這個(gè)系統(tǒng)也是量子力學(xué)無關(guān)子空間的一個(gè)典型案例。隨后我們利用同樣的四模光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)討論了不同波長的相干光轉(zhuǎn)移的問題。在不同的頻率光之間轉(zhuǎn)移信息是量子網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的基本問題。在現(xiàn)有的方案中,基于光力學(xué)系統(tǒng)的量子態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移如果要獲得高的轉(zhuǎn)換效率,需要兩個(gè)目標(biāo)腔模的驅(qū)動(dòng)光的強(qiáng)度較大,同時(shí)也要求兩個(gè)腔模的耗散幾乎相等。這一方面不利于調(diào)控,過強(qiáng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)光會導(dǎo)致力學(xué)振子的加熱,破壞轉(zhuǎn)換效率,另一方面對于兩個(gè)腔的設(shè)計(jì)要求較高。我們首次提出了藍(lán)帶邊驅(qū)動(dòng)的耗散控制設(shè)計(jì)的想法。雖然多了一個(gè)控制模式,卻可以使得相干光轉(zhuǎn)移的耦合強(qiáng)度極大的降低,并且兩個(gè)目標(biāo)腔的耗散可以非常不同。尤為重要的,在這里我們揭示了模式消除的想法,可以用到許多其他的量子控制問題中。腔既可以增大也可以減少量子系統(tǒng)的耗散,同時(shí)可以極大的增強(qiáng)光與量子系統(tǒng)的耦合強(qiáng)度。而隧穿誘導(dǎo)透明就是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)共同的耗散通道,使得兩個(gè)臨近的量子態(tài)模式發(fā)生干涉,導(dǎo)致透明現(xiàn)象。在本文中,我們同時(shí)用這兩種方法設(shè)計(jì)了兩種量子器件,都是作用于中紅外區(qū)的,一種可以延遲光傳播的時(shí)間,另一種可以對兩種頻率的光進(jìn)行開關(guān)控制。這兩種設(shè)計(jì)都已經(jīng)申請專利。后選擇弱測量從一出現(xiàn)就引起了廣泛的爭議,但是其獨(dú)特的弱作用反常放大能力得到了認(rèn)可,并且被廣泛研究。在現(xiàn)有的工作中,利用后選擇弱測量來放大克爾介質(zhì)中的單光子非線性,這個(gè)想法最近得到了極大的發(fā)展。但是在現(xiàn)有的工作中,他們只是討論了相干光作為探針的現(xiàn)象。在我們的工作中,我們用一個(gè)熱態(tài)指針來探究單光子交叉克爾效應(yīng),做了非常詳細(xì)的討論,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)熱態(tài)指針和相干光指針的放大現(xiàn)象非常不同,熱態(tài)指針的放大效果更加顯著。我們把弱效應(yīng)推廣到熱態(tài)指針誘導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)效應(yīng)上。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),對于強(qiáng)效應(yīng),傳統(tǒng)弱值解釋是不成立的。同時(shí),我們也給出了后選擇誘導(dǎo)的縮小效應(yīng)和大概率的放大現(xiàn)象。這些結(jié)論都超出了以前的研究范圍。熱光交叉克爾效應(yīng)進(jìn)一步揭示出后選擇弱放大的虛放大效應(yīng)是一種純粹的經(jīng)典效應(yīng),并且和最近的平衡弱測量技術(shù)結(jié)合起來,我們給出了虛放大的一般機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Although quantum correlation leads to a variety of innovative applications of quantum states, it is also very sensitive to the response of environmental noise. In conventional quantum information processing and various quantum technologies, the preparation of Quantum States needs to isolate outside noise. Although efforts in this direction have led to the precise preparation of single particles or small particles of quantum state. And control, but the preparation and control of complex quantum systems is still difficult. In addition to this mainstream research idea, two non conventional quantum state preparation and quantum information processing methods have been paid more attention in the last ten years. One is the concept of dissipative control design, one is the study of the weak action process. The system design considers the environment outside the system as a resource to design a stable quantum state. Although there is noise, we can still obtain a pure entangled state and a highly quantum connected quantum state through the design of a dissipative path. These years, the basic ideas and key mechanisms in this field have been widely discussed. In the process of weak action, the time of the action is short and the strength of the action is very weak, and the change of the quantum state is very small, but the dissipative process can be ignored and the purity of the quantum state is very high. The idea of adding after the weak action process has recently gained a lot of attention, called the post selection. This concept can be viewed as a post selection based on the traditional standard measurement scheme. But today, this concept has already broken through the category of measurement and has become an important scheme for quantum state preparation and precision measurement. In this paper, we have done the application of dissipative control design in the photodynamic system. In a very meaningful way, two quantum devices with good performance are designed with cavity and tunneling induced transparency, and a pioneering study of the post selection problem of hot states is made. Through these studies, we can see the advantages of the dissipation control design and the subsequent selection of the weak measurement, especially the very unique quantum system preparation and control. The system has become a hot field in the field of experimental quantum optics and has also aroused many original theoretical studies. Since the mechanical oscillator system is a macro system, the quantum correlation it can produce is particularly important for us to understand all kinds of quantum basic problems. In this paper, we use the concept of dissipative control design to discuss the steady state entanglement of a four mode photomechanical system. Based on the idea of discussing the problem in the previous article, we used the idea of dissipative control design for the first time to use the light system at normal temperature. In the existing work, the two body of the photodynamic system. The logarithmic negativity of the entanglement is less than 0.7 at zero temperature and is not at all at normal temperature. The work of Wang Yingdan et al. Gives a method of strong entanglement for producing production, but their work is discussed at zero temperature. We find that the system can also get significant entanglement at normal temperature, which is very different from the previous work of photomechanical entanglement. It is also a typical case of quantum mechanics without the sub space. Then we use the same four mode photodynamic system to discuss the problem of coherent optical transfer at different wavelengths. The transfer information between different frequencies is a quantum network. In the existing scheme, in the existing scheme, if the quantum state transfer based on the photodynamic system is to obtain high conversion efficiency, the intensity of the driving light of the two target cavity modes is larger and the dissipation of the two cavity modes is almost equal. This is not conducive to the regulation and the excessive driving light will cause the heating of the mechanical vibrator. The conversion efficiency, on the other hand, is higher for the design of the two cavity. We first proposed the idea of the blue band edge driven dissipative control design. Although one control mode, the coupling intensity of coherent optical transfer can be greatly reduced, and the dissipation of the two target chambers can be very different. It is particularly important that I am here. We have revealed the idea of pattern elimination, which can be used in many other quantum control problems. The cavity can both increase and reduce the dissipation of quantum systems, and can greatly enhance the coupling intensity of light and quantum systems. And tunneling induced transparency is a common dissipative channel that makes two adjacent quantum modes. In this paper, we have designed two kinds of quantum devices using these two methods, all of which are in the middle infrared region, one can delay the time of light propagation, and the other can switch the light of two frequencies. These two designs have been applied for patent. It has been widely disputed, but its unique weak function of abnormal amplification has been recognized and widely studied. In the present work, the idea of using the weak measurement to put single photon nonlinearity in the Da's medium has been greatly developed recently. But in the present work, they only discuss the coherent light. In our work, in our work, we use a hot pointer to explore the single photon cross Kerr effect. We have made a very detailed discussion. We found that the amplification of the hot pointer and the coherent light pointer is very different, and the amplification effect of the hot state pointer is more significant. We extend the weak effect to the strong effect of the hot state pointer. We find that the traditional weak value interpretation is unfounded for strong effects. At the same time, we also give the reduction effect of the post selection and the magnification of the large probability. These conclusions are beyond the previous research. The thermal cross Kerr effect further reveals that the virtual amplification effect of the post selective weak amplification is a pure channel. Canonical effect, and combined with the recent balanced weak measurement technique, we give the general mechanism of virtual amplification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O413

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