本文選題：月球鉆探 + 取心鉆頭��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國探月三期工程核心目標是實現(xiàn)月球次表層月壤鉆進采樣并返回,鉆進采樣器搭載的鉆具是整個工程的執(zhí)行末端,鉆具與月壤直接接觸,其外部結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計對分系統(tǒng)鉆進負載、鉆頭溫度、取樣率等方面有決定性影響。鉆具的外部結(jié)構(gòu)包含鉆桿排屑結(jié)構(gòu)、鉆頭排屑結(jié)構(gòu)、鉆頭取樣口結(jié)構(gòu)和鉆頭巖石切削結(jié)構(gòu)等幾個部分。本論文以月壤的螺旋排屑過程建模為基礎(chǔ),對鉆具結(jié)構(gòu)進行設(shè)計優(yōu)化研究,并通過模擬月壤鉆取實驗及離散單元仿真進行驗證。資料顯示月壤是一種流動性較差粉體物質(zhì),同時處于月表沒有水和大氣的環(huán)境中。在月球表層回轉(zhuǎn)鉆進采樣過程中月壤碎屑需要通過鉆頭與鉆桿的螺旋排屑結(jié)構(gòu)排出鉆進區(qū)域,若排屑不暢會導致鉆具負載增加甚至卡鉆。本文首先分析了月壤在鉆具螺旋槽內(nèi)的流動特征,定義了鉆具的理想排屑狀態(tài)。建立月壤碎屑流動的通量平衡關(guān)系,利用排屑槽內(nèi)月壤的運動學及力學分析建立起月壤流動狀態(tài)與鉆具結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系模型,定義排屑能力系數(shù)來表征鉆具在指定鉆進規(guī)程下的月壤碎屑移除能力。為提高模型精度,對影響月壤排屑流動的鉆具回轉(zhuǎn)動力學因素,擬流體粘滯效應(yīng)等進行了分析,并設(shè)定了相應(yīng)的修正系數(shù)。在月壤螺旋排屑模型的基礎(chǔ)上,對鉆桿結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,通過鉆桿對模擬月壤的排屑實驗對排屑模型及構(gòu)型參數(shù)進行驗證。另外還給出了鉆桿排屑軸向力與扭矩的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,并在復雜鉆進規(guī)程實驗中進行了驗證。為從細觀角度觀測月壤在排屑槽內(nèi)的流動狀態(tài),對月壤進行了離散元建模并參數(shù)匹配,離散元仿真結(jié)果為排屑流動假設(shè)及排屑模型理論提供支撐。在傳統(tǒng)探月鉆具設(shè)計中,鉆具排屑負載主要集中于鉆頭與鉆桿連接處,該位置月壤滯流嚴重,本文提出實現(xiàn)了鉆頭鉆桿共體設(shè)計,將排屑能力設(shè)計作為鉆頭構(gòu)型設(shè)計的重點,以提升鉆具整體性能。依據(jù)月壤在螺旋槽內(nèi)的排屑模型,利用空間微分幾何建模方法設(shè)計了曲面基體和空間螺旋曲線包絡(luò)的排屑通道,該排屑通道與鉆桿結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)一致,其設(shè)計排屑能力與鉆桿相匹配。通過多種典型構(gòu)型鉆頭鉆進負載實驗進行對比,鉆進對象包括小粒徑模擬月壤及臨界尺度模擬月壤。利用離散元仿真,定性觀察了小尺度月壤及臨界尺度月壤在不同構(gòu)型鉆頭排屑槽內(nèi)的流動及受力狀態(tài),對負載偏差進行了解釋。鉆頭取樣口結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計對其取樣能力的影響是一個復雜的難題,具有較強的隨機性,本文對鉆頭取樣口結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化時,目標取樣區(qū)土體的失效形式進行了分析,給出了取樣率的預測模型,并通過取樣實驗進行了驗證。利用離散元仿真方法研究了鉆具對月壤周向?qū)永硇畔⒌挠绊�。本文還研究了在曲面螺旋鉆頭構(gòu)型的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)月巖鉆進的工程方案,提出CBN磨粒鎳基電鑄及硬質(zhì)合金切削具鑲嵌兩種方法,分析了兩種方法在巖石鉆進特性上的差異,并通過模擬月巖鉆進實驗進行了對比驗證。
[Abstract]:The core goal of the three phase of our lunar exploration project is to realize the lunar subsurface lunar soil drilling sampling and return. The drilling tools carried by the drilling sampler are the end of the whole project. The drilling tools are directly exposed to the lunar soil. The external structure design has a decisive influence on the drilling load, the bit temperature, the sampling rate and so on. The external structure package of the drill tool. In this paper, the design optimization of the drilling tool structure is studied based on the modeling of the spiral chipping process of the lunar soil. The data shows that the lunar soil is a flow. In the course of rotary drilling of the moon surface, the debris of the lunar soil needs to discharge the drilling area through the spiral cuttings structure of the drill and drill rod during the lunar surface rotation drilling and sampling. The flow characteristics of the drilling tools are defined. The flux equilibrium relationship of the lunar soil debris flow is established. The relationship model between the flow state of the lunar soil and the structural parameters of the drilling tools is established by using the kinematic and mechanical analysis of the lunar soil in the chute trough, and the cuttings capacity coefficient is defined to characterize the lunar soil debris under the specified drilling regulation. In order to improve the accuracy of the model, the dynamics factor of drilling tool rotation and the viscous effect of the fluid are analyzed, and the corresponding correction coefficient is set up. On the basis of the lunar spiral cuttings model, the structure parameters of the drill rod are optimized and the drilling rod is used to exhaust the chip experiment of the simulated lunar soil. The model and the configuration parameters are verified. In addition, the conversion relation between the axial force and the torque of the drill rod is also given, and the verification is carried out in the complicated drilling regulation experiment. In order to observe the flow state of the lunar soil in the chip slot from the meso angle, the discrete element modeling and parameter matching are carried out on the lunar soil, and the discrete element simulation results are the assumption of the chip flow hypothesis. In the traditional lunar exploration tool design, the drilling tool chip load is mainly concentrated on the connection between the drill and the drill rod. The position of this position is very serious. This paper puts forward the design of the drill rod in this paper. The design of the cuttings capacity is the key point of the bit configuration design to improve the overall performance of the drill. The chip removal model in the spiral groove is designed by space differential geometry modeling method, which is consistent with the structure parameters of the drill rod, and the chip ability of the design is matched with the drill rod. The drilling object includes the small particle diameter model through a variety of typical configuration bits drilling in negative load experiment. The simulated lunar soil and critical scale simulated lunar soil. Using the discrete element simulation, the flow and stress state of the small scale lunar soil and the critical scale lunar soil in the cuttings groove of different configuration bits are qualitatively observed. The load deviation is explained. The structure design of the bit sampling port is a complicated problem and has a strong random problem. In this paper, the failure form of the soil in the target sampling area is analyzed in this paper when the structure of the bit sampling mouth is changed. The prediction model of the sampling rate is given and verified by the sampling experiment. The influence of the drilling tool on the bedding information of the lunar soil is studied by the method of discrete element simulation. The configuration of the spiral bit is also studied in this paper. On the basis of the project, two methods of CBN abrasive nickel based electroforming and cemented carbide cutting tool inlay are put forward. The difference between the two methods in rock drilling characteristics is analyzed, and the comparison and verification of the simulated lunar rock drilling experiments are carried out.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P184;V476.3

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