本文選題：導(dǎo)管 + 管胞�。� 參考：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：水分是植物細(xì)胞的重要成分,也是植物光合、呼吸作用的原料和各種生理生化反應(yīng)和物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸?shù)慕橘|(zhì),水分必須從植物根部沿著體內(nèi)木質(zhì)部通道運(yùn)輸?shù)焦趯硬拍軈⑴c這些反應(yīng)。深入研究植物內(nèi)水分傳輸機(jī)理對(duì)有效地提高植物水分利用效率具有重要意義。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)植物體內(nèi)水分傳輸?shù)难芯恐饕峭ㄟ^(guò)植物學(xué)解剖和觀測(cè)試驗(yàn),由于植物體內(nèi)輸水管道尺寸微小、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,單憑傳統(tǒng)的植物生理學(xué)手段很難從微觀角度探析植物體內(nèi)部復(fù)雜的流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象和傳輸機(jī)理。因此,本文以植物木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管和管胞輸水微結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象,從流體力學(xué)的角度分析植物體內(nèi)水分傳輸機(jī)理。采用流體建模、數(shù)值模擬與試驗(yàn)研究相結(jié)合的研究方法,探析體內(nèi)復(fù)雜流場(chǎng)分布情況以及各種組織結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)植物流阻特性的影響,為更深入地研究植物體內(nèi)水分運(yùn)移的機(jī)理提供重要的理論依據(jù)。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)分析了植物木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管和管胞等輸導(dǎo)組織的結(jié)構(gòu)特征和水動(dòng)力特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)影響植物導(dǎo)管和管胞水分流動(dòng)性能的沿程阻力因素和局部阻力因素進(jìn)行分析,并研究了管道直徑大小和截面形狀對(duì)導(dǎo)管和管胞流動(dòng)性能的影響。(2)為研究木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管、管胞中微結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)特性的影響,對(duì)管壁增厚、端壁梯狀穿孔板和塞-緣結(jié)構(gòu)具緣紋孔等結(jié)構(gòu)分別建立了伯努利流體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,分析結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與流阻系數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,并通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬研究了植物體內(nèi)水分傳輸?shù)膲航�、速度和流量等流�?chǎng)分布情況,以及不同的木質(zhì)部結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)流阻特性的影響規(guī)律。(3)針對(duì)管胞紋孔水分流動(dòng)過(guò)程中紋孔膜的受力變形問(wèn)題,考慮水分流動(dòng)和紋孔膜受力變形的耦合作用,基于雙向同步求解方法對(duì)紋孔內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)和紋孔膜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行聯(lián)合求解,分析了不同的入口壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)下紋孔內(nèi)流場(chǎng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性以及紋孔膜的應(yīng)力和變形情況,并討論了流固耦合作用對(duì)紋孔流量的影響。(4)根據(jù)流體力學(xué)相似性原理,搭建了植物組織輸水模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。采用選擇性激光燒結(jié)快速成型加工方法(Selective Laser Sintering,SLS),對(duì)導(dǎo)管、管胞內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行整體成型加工,通過(guò)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)分析管壁增厚、穿孔板和紋孔等結(jié)構(gòu)的流動(dòng)阻力特性,并將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。
[Abstract]:Water is an important component of plant cells, and it is also the raw material of photosynthesis, respiration and various physiological and biochemical reactions and the medium of material transport. Water must be transported from the root of the plant to the canopy along the xylem channel of the body to participate in these reactions. It is very important to study the mechanism of water transport in plants to improve water use efficiency. For a long time, water transport in plants has been studied mainly through botany anatomy and observation experiments. Because of its small size and complex structure, It is difficult to analyze the complex flow phenomenon and transport mechanism of plant body from microcosmic point of view by traditional plant physiology. Therefore, the mechanism of water transport in plants was analyzed from the point of view of hydrodynamics, taking the microstructures of xylem ducts and tracheids as the research objects. By using the method of fluid modeling, numerical simulation and experimental study, the distribution of complex flow field in the body and the influence of various tissue structures on the flow resistance characteristics of plants are analyzed. It provides an important theoretical basis for the further study of the mechanism of water migration in plants. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the structural and hydrodynamic characteristics of the ducts and tracheids in plant xylem were analyzed. The factors affecting the water flow performance of plant ducts and tracheids were analyzed, and the effects of diameter and section shape of pipes on the flow properties of ducts and tracheids were studied. (2) in order to study xylem ducts, The effect of microstructures in tracheids on the characteristics of internal flow field was studied. Bernoulli fluid dynamics models were established for the thickening of tube wall, the perforation plate of end-wall ladder and the ribbed hole of stop-edge structure, respectively, and the relationship between the structural parameters and the flow resistance coefficient was analyzed. The distribution of pressure drop, velocity and flow rate of water transport in plant was studied by numerical simulation. And the influence of different xylem structure on convection resistance. (3) considering the coupling effect of water flow and pore membrane deformation in the process of water flow in tracheid pore. Based on the bidirectional synchronous solution method, the internal flow field and the membrane structure of the grooves are solved jointly. The dynamic characteristics of the internal flow field and the stress and deformation of the perforated membrane driven by different inlet pressures are analyzed. The effect of fluid-solid coupling on the pore flow rate was discussed. (4) according to the principle of hydrodynamics similarity, a plant tissue water conveyance simulation device was set up. Selective laser sintering rapid prototyping (SLS) was used to process the internal structure model of tube and tracheid. The flow resistance characteristics of tube wall thickening, perforated plate and perforated hole were analyzed by simulation experiment. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q945

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