本文選題：風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn) + 風(fēng)沙躍移運(yùn)動(dòng)　； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：目前針對(duì)非平坦地形上風(fēng)沙流中躍移沙粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征研究尚不完善,多數(shù)風(fēng)沙輸運(yùn)模型和風(fēng)沙流運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究都是基于平坦地形進(jìn)行的,相關(guān)研究成果如何準(zhǔn)確合理的應(yīng)用于自然界中的復(fù)雜地形條件,仍有許多問題亟待解決。本文選用自然沙漠地形中最具代表性的新月形沙丘的二維剖面作為復(fù)雜地形的代表模型,通過研究躍移沙粒在坡面上的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,為深入開展復(fù)雜地形形態(tài)下風(fēng)沙流運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)值模擬和理論分析工作提供基礎(chǔ);同時(shí)針對(duì)風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)中所關(guān)注的一些微觀和宏觀內(nèi)容,結(jié)合已有的平坦地形條件下的沙粒運(yùn)動(dòng)特征結(jié)果,采用PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometer)測(cè)量近地表沙粒運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)和PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)測(cè)量空中沙粒運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的相結(jié)合的方式,對(duì)坡面地形上沙粒的速度分布,粒徑分布及顆粒的湍流強(qiáng)度等物理量進(jìn)行了風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,給出了坡面地形下沙粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律;通過Mu-level檢測(cè)函數(shù)對(duì)多種地形下近壁面湍流猝發(fā)猝發(fā)頻率進(jìn)行檢測(cè)分析。本論文的主要研究成果如下:1.利用PDA對(duì)迎風(fēng)坡和背風(fēng)坡上的躍移沙粒速度進(jìn)行測(cè)量,并總結(jié)了躍移沙粒在坡面上的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,給出了迎風(fēng)坡和背風(fēng)坡上沙粒速度及其水平分量和垂向分量的概率分布分布函數(shù),坡面上沙粒平均速度與坡面上不同位置的關(guān)系,沙粒沖擊速度和起跳速度的關(guān)系;總結(jié)了沙粒沖擊角和起跳角的分布規(guī)律,背風(fēng)坡沙粒湍流強(qiáng)度沿高度的變化規(guī)律。2.利用PIV對(duì)背風(fēng)坡區(qū)域內(nèi)空中沙粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征進(jìn)行了測(cè)量和分析,總結(jié)了空中沙粒的平均速度分別隨來流風(fēng)速和高度的變化規(guī)律,給出了相應(yīng)的關(guān)系式;總結(jié)了空中沙粒的平均粒徑分別隨來流風(fēng)速和高度的變化規(guī)律;針對(duì)空中沙粒的速度和粒徑概率分布進(jìn)行了分析,并給出了向上運(yùn)動(dòng)沙粒和向下運(yùn)動(dòng)沙粒平均速度和平均粒徑與來流風(fēng)速之間的關(guān)系;通過對(duì)背風(fēng)坡區(qū)域內(nèi)床面起沙率的結(jié)果分析,給出了床面起沙率以及起沙顆粒的平均粒徑與來流風(fēng)速的關(guān)系式。3.利用一維熱線測(cè)速儀對(duì)四種常見地貌形態(tài)下近壁面的流場(chǎng)特性進(jìn)行了測(cè)量、統(tǒng)計(jì)并分析,利用Mu-level采樣函數(shù)對(duì)近壁面的湍流猝發(fā)頻率進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),總結(jié)了近壁面流場(chǎng)中流體雷諾應(yīng)力和湍流強(qiáng)度的變化規(guī)律,并統(tǒng)計(jì)并比較分析了不同地貌形態(tài)下近壁面流場(chǎng)中的湍流猝發(fā)頻率。本論文利用PDA和PIV兩種測(cè)量設(shè)備相結(jié)合的方式,給出了坡面地形下從迎風(fēng)坡到背風(fēng)坡的沙粒運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律及坡面不同位置對(duì)躍移沙粒運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。本文中所得到的坡面上沙粒沖擊和起跳初速度分布函數(shù),沙粒的角度分布函數(shù)以及背風(fēng)坡區(qū)域的床面起沙率可以直接應(yīng)用于復(fù)雜地形條件的風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)值模擬研究;本文中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的躍移沙粒運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律可以直接用于復(fù)雜地形條件下風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)理論分析研究,為更好地研究復(fù)雜地形下風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)資料。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on the movement characteristics of leaping sand particles in wind-sand flow on uneven terrain is not perfect. Most of the research on wind-sand transport model and wind-sand flow movement are based on flat terrain. There are still many problems to be solved how to apply the related research results to the complex terrain conditions in nature. In this paper, the two dimensional section of the crescent dune, which is the most representative of the natural desert terrain, is chosen as the representative model of complex terrain. It provides the foundation for further numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of wind-sand flow under complex topography, and also aims at some microscopic and macroscopic contents concerned in wind-sand movement. Combined with the results of sand movement in flat terrain, the velocity distribution of sand particles on slope terrain is measured by using PDA(Phase Doppler method and PIV(Particle Image velocimetric method. The particle size distribution and turbulence intensity of particles were studied by wind tunnel experiments, and the motion law of sand particles in slope terrain was given, and the frequency of turbulence burst near the wall was detected and analyzed by Mu-level detection function. The main research results of this thesis are as follows: 1. PDA was used to measure the velocity of leeward and leeward sand particles, and the movement of leeward sand particles on the slope was summarized. The probability distribution function of sand particle velocity and its horizontal and vertical components on upwind and leeward slopes, the relationship between average sand velocity and different positions on slope surface, and the relationship between sand impact velocity and take-off velocity are given. The distribution of impact angle and take-off angle of sand is summarized, and the variation rule of sand turbulence intensity along the height of leeward slope is discussed. The motion characteristics of sand particles in the leeward slope are measured and analyzed by PIV. The variation of the average velocity of sand particles with the incoming wind speed and height is summarized, and the corresponding relationship is given. The variation of the average particle size with the wind speed and height of the incoming flow is summarized, and the distribution of the velocity and the particle size probability of the sand particles in the air are analyzed. The relationship between the average velocity and average particle size of sand particles moving upward and downward and the wind speed of incoming flow are given, and the results of sand rise rate on bed surface in leeward slope region are analyzed. The relationship between the sand rise rate on the bed surface and the mean particle size of the sediment particles and the wind speed of the incoming flow is given. The characteristics of flow field near the wall of four common landforms were measured by one dimensional hot-wire velocimeter. The frequency of turbulence burst near the wall was detected by Mu-level sampling function. The variation of Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity in the near wall flow field is summarized, and the turbulent burst frequency in the near wall flow field under different geomorphology is analyzed and statistically analyzed. In this paper, the movement of sand particles from upwind slope to leeward slope and the influence of different positions on the movement of leeward sand particles in slope terrain are given by combining PDA and PIV. The initial velocity distribution function of sand impact and take-off on slope, the angle distribution function of sand and the sand rise rate in leeward slope can be directly applied to the numerical simulation of sand movement in complex terrain. In this paper, the movement law of leaping sand particles can be directly used in the theoretical analysis and study of wind-sand movement under complex terrain, which provides experimental data for better study of wind-sand movement under complex terrain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P931.3

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