本文選題：中國鴨嘴龍超科化石　切入點：白堊紀　出處：《中國地質大學(北京)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：中國的陸相白堊系十分發(fā)育;其出露情況也相對較好。許多白堊紀恐龍化石在中國被發(fā)現(xiàn),特別是鴨嘴龍超科的化石材料�；谝寻l(fā)表的文獻資料和在近十年的野外發(fā)掘工作中獲得的新標本,筆者在本文中對中國鴨嘴龍類的形態(tài)學、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育學、個體發(fā)育學、生物地理學和生物地層學信息進行全面深入的評估。根據(jù)從河南省西峽盆地周家溝村中三冬期馬家村組中段獲取的新材料,新的基干鴨嘴龍類恐龍Zhanghenglong yangchengensis被命名和描述。筆者利用模型聚類分析對源自于鴨嘴龍超科系統(tǒng)發(fā)育特征的測量屬性數(shù)據(jù)集進行統(tǒng)計學分割。在一些測量屬性中,數(shù)據(jù)集的分割模式幾乎與基干鴨嘴龍類和鴨嘴龍科之間的分類學分隔相吻合。這些測量屬性被用于定量地分析Zhanghenglong的測量數(shù)據(jù),以評估該類群的分類學地位。內(nèi)蒙古二連地區(qū)的上白堊統(tǒng)二連達巴蘇組是一套由淺灰色細砂巖、粗砂巖和砂礫巖夾帶雜色泥巖和粉砂巖組成的陸相碎屑沉積物。它產(chǎn)數(shù)量豐富且種類繁多的恐龍化石以及一些微體化石。筆者系統(tǒng)地總結和闡述了二連達巴蘇組的地層序列、沉積體系以及古生物化石的形態(tài)特征與組合面貌。以松遼盆地上白堊統(tǒng)的微體古生物化石和其地層學時代為標尺,二連達巴蘇組的地質時代也被修訂。一具不完整且部分關節(jié)的Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis幼年骨骼在內(nèi)蒙古阿巴嘎旗哈沙圖高勒流域的二連達巴蘇組地層中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。該屬種的解剖學信息和鑒定特征因而得以補充和修訂。骨學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)G.mongoliensis的髂骨(腸骨)保留了從基干鴨嘴龍類向鴨嘴龍科進化的過渡形態(tài)。為了證實這一推論,筆者對全球鴨嘴龍類屬種髂骨的外側輪廓坐標數(shù)據(jù)進行二維幾何形態(tài)測量分析(相對彎曲分析)。在以第一和第二主成分為橫縱軸的二變量圖中,代表G.mongoliensis髂骨標本的三個坐標點均落入了非鴨嘴龍科鴨嘴龍形類的95%置信橢圓和鴨嘴龍科的95%置信橢圓之間的重疊區(qū)域。由于Godefroit et al.(2008)對漁亮子組烏拉嘎骨層的鴨嘴龍科化石的初步鑒定存在著問題,產(chǎn)自于該骨層的鴨嘴龍亞科材料在本文中被重新評估。筆者修訂了已建立的鴨嘴龍亞科Wulagasaurus dongi的鑒定特征和系統(tǒng)學位置。此外,混入該類群的賴氏龍亞科標本被剔除。通過詳盡的形態(tài)學和統(tǒng)計學對比,一系列Edmontosaurus和Shantungosaurus之間的近裔共性被識別。這些特征證實了前述兩個屬之間的緊密親緣關系�；诒疚慕⒌南到y(tǒng)發(fā)育布局,Edmontosaurini及其屬種的系統(tǒng)古生物學信息被修訂。為了確定鴨嘴龍超科各屬種之間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關系,本人對由59個特征和346個種級別的分類單元組成的數(shù)據(jù)矩陣執(zhí)行最大簡約性分析。Iter PCR程序識別了初始分析的不穩(wěn)定類群。替換的支序分析將不穩(wěn)定類群排除出數(shù)據(jù)矩陣,并產(chǎn)生了具有較高解析度的嚴格合意樹。該嚴格合意樹與通過初始分析得到的簡化嚴格合意樹完全一致�；谟商鎿Q分析產(chǎn)生的嚴格合意樹布局和鴨嘴龍類屬種的生物地理學信息,筆者采用概率算法對鴨嘴龍類各支系的起源地和遷徙模式進行推測。筆者針對Shantungosaurus giganteus的不完整肱骨生長系列開展了個體發(fā)育學研究。定性的骨學對比和定量的簡化主軸回歸分析均發(fā)現(xiàn)了肱骨的三角胸嵴在個體發(fā)育過程中的顯著形態(tài)學變化。本人基于組織學特征從S.giganteus的14個肱骨標本中識別出6個個體發(fā)育階段。處于成年早期階段的肱骨標本ZCDM HP0128的肱骨頸橫截面保留了至少12個年度生長輪。筆者應用生長輪間隔法反向推算出該橫截面丟失的早期年度生長輪的數(shù)量,并借助于生長曲線擬合法選取了S.giganteus最佳的生長模式和骨齡框架。具有最小赤池信息準則值的最佳生長曲線被用于估算該類群的初始性成熟年齡和最大生長速率。
[Abstract]:The Chinese continental Cretaceous are well developed; the exposed situation is relatively good. Many Cretaceous dinosaur fossils have been found in Chinese, especially hadrosauroidea fossil materials. Published in the literature and in the nearly ten years of field excavations in new samples based on the author of China hadrosaurs class the morphology, phylogeny, ontogeny, biogeography and biostratigraphic information to conduct a comprehensive in-depth assessment. According to the new material obtained from the Henan basin of Xixia Province Zhou Jia Gou Village three winter majiacun middle section of the new stem base such a dinosaur Zhanghenglong yangchengensis was named and described. The author uses the model of cluster analysis set the statistical segmentation from attribute data to hadrosauroidea phylogenetic characteristics. In some measure, data partition mode almost a duck The classification of credit between mouth dragon and hadrosauridae every match. These measurement attributes are used for quantitative analysis of the Zhanghenglong measurement data, to assess the taxonomic status of the two groups. The Inner Mongolia area even the upper Cretaceous Dabasu group is a set of two even by light gray fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel sediments of continental clastic rocks with variegated mudstone and siltstone. It consists of abundant and diverse dinosaur fossils and some microfossils. The author systematically summarizes and describes the stratigraphic sequence of Dabasu group two, sedimentary system and fossils. The morphological characteristics and the assemblage in the upper Cretaceous in Songliao Basin microfossils and the time scale Dabasu stratigraphy, geological age group of two was also revised. Even an incomplete and partial joint Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis young bones in Inner Mongolia The two Dabasu even hashatu gol basin formation was found. Anatomical information and identification characteristics of the species can thus be supplemented and amended. Osteologic study found that G.mongoliensis bone (iliac) retained from the backbone to the hadrosauridae hadrosaurs evolutionary transition form. In order to confirm this inference, the lateral coordinate data of the author the global species hadrosaurs ilium analyzed two dimensional geometric morphometrics (relative bending analysis). In the first and second principal component variables for two axis in three coordinate points on behalf of G.mongoliensis specimens were in non bone of hadrosaurs class 95% hadrosaur shape and 95% confidence ellipse hadrosauridae confidence the overlap region between the elliptic. Because Godefroit (2008 et al.) preliminary identification of yuliangzi formation of Wulaga bone layer hadrosauridae fossil problems produced Hadrosaurinae material on the bone layer was re evaluated in this paper. The author has revised the identification characteristics and established system of hadrosaurinae Wulagasaurus dongi the position. In addition, the mixed groups of specimens were removed. Lambeosaurus subfamily through morphology and detailed statistics on the ratio between Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus, a series of recent origin common recognition. These features confirmed between the two genera are closely related. The layout of system development based on the established Edmontosaurini system and its species paleontology information is revised. In order to determine the relationship between the hadrosauroidea species development, I of the data matrix composed of classification unit 59 characteristics and the 346 levels of the implementation of unstable groups of maximum parsimony analysis of the.Iter PCR program to identify the initial analysis. Cladistic analysis will replace instability Fixed groups excluded from the data matrix, and has high resolution of the strict consensus tree. The strict consensus tree and the initial analysis of the simplified strict consensus tree completely consistent. Produced by substitution analysis of strict consensus tree layout and hadrosaurs organisms of the genus geographical information based on the study, the author uses the probabilistic algorithm of the hadrosaurs from the origin and migration patterns were estimated. According to the Shantungosaurus giganteus incomplete growth studies carried out series of ontogeny. Simplified qualitative and quantitative comparison of spindle Osteologic regression analysis were found significant changes in morphology during ontogeny of the deltopectoral crest. On the basis of the histological features identified 6 individual developmental stages from 14 specimens of humerus S.giganteus. In the early stage of adult humeral neck transverse humeral specimens of ZCDM HP0128 鎴潰淇濈暀浜嗚嚦灝，

本文編號：1645061