本文關(guān)鍵詞： 隨機(jī)噪聲 高斯性 平穩(wěn)性 功率譜密度 相似性 線(xiàn)性　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：陸地地震勘探是資源勘探的重要手段。面對(duì)復(fù)雜的地表和近地表地質(zhì)條件、越來(lái)越深以及空間越來(lái)越復(fù)雜的勘探目標(biāo),給地震勘探提出更高的要求。在陸地地震勘探的整個(gè)過(guò)程(采集、處理、解釋)中,地震資料處理是至關(guān)重要一環(huán),特別是處理過(guò)程中隨機(jī)噪聲的壓制效果直接影響著后續(xù)一系列處理,包括速度分析,偏移成像以及反演等。然而,野外采集地震數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),檢波器接收到的地震記錄中含有大量隨機(jī)噪聲信息,特別是勘探目標(biāo)比較復(fù)雜時(shí),信號(hào)很弱而噪聲很強(qiáng),記錄整體信噪比較低,如何在低信噪比條件下有效壓制隨機(jī)噪聲對(duì)地震勘探而言就顯得尤為重要。由于信噪比較低,信號(hào)能量較弱,為了能有效的壓制隨機(jī)噪聲就需要對(duì)地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的時(shí)空特性有較系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)和研究,從而指導(dǎo)隨機(jī)噪聲壓制方法選擇、改進(jìn)以及壓制策略。目前,對(duì)于隨機(jī)噪聲特性還未進(jìn)行過(guò)科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的研究,這直接影響地震記錄信噪比的有效提高以及隨機(jī)噪聲消減技術(shù)的發(fā)展。有效的改進(jìn)隨機(jī)噪聲消減技術(shù)是建立在對(duì)地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲特性準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上。因此,關(guān)于地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲特性的研究具有重要的實(shí)際意義。本文主要針對(duì)陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲,對(duì)其時(shí)域、空間域以及時(shí)空域特性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)系統(tǒng)的研究。主要對(duì)隨機(jī)噪聲的高斯性、平穩(wěn)性、線(xiàn)性特性、功率譜特性和相似性進(jìn)行綜合分析。對(duì)比不同采集環(huán)境(草原、沙漠、山地、林帶)下,隨機(jī)噪聲時(shí)空分布特性的差異,分析采集環(huán)境與隨機(jī)噪聲時(shí)空特性的關(guān)系。研究中,分析采集環(huán)境復(fù)雜程度和噪聲時(shí)長(zhǎng)等因素對(duì)于隨機(jī)噪聲特性的影響。最后,結(jié)合隨機(jī)噪聲生成機(jī)制和采集環(huán)境的特點(diǎn),對(duì)研究結(jié)果的合理性進(jìn)行綜合論證。具體研究成果如下:將高階統(tǒng)計(jì)量同Shapiro-Wilk檢驗(yàn)法相結(jié)合來(lái)判斷地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的高斯性。首先對(duì)地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的峰度值和偏度值高階統(tǒng)計(jì)量的特性進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)噪聲在高階統(tǒng)計(jì)量分布方面同高斯隨機(jī)過(guò)程之間存在明顯差異。在此基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用Shapiro-Wilk檢驗(yàn)法對(duì)隨機(jī)噪聲的高斯性進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的判斷。結(jié)果表明,隨機(jī)噪聲的高斯性受到采集環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的影響。采集環(huán)境越簡(jiǎn)單,隨機(jī)噪聲的非高斯性越明顯;采集環(huán)境越復(fù)雜,隨機(jī)噪聲的非高斯性越弱。通過(guò)對(duì)不同地區(qū)隨機(jī)噪聲記錄的高斯性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)非高斯隨機(jī)噪聲記錄占比普遍很高。因此,陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是非高斯隨機(jī)過(guò)程。本文首次將基于時(shí)頻分析和替代數(shù)據(jù)的平穩(wěn)性檢驗(yàn)方法引入到陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的平穩(wěn)性判斷中,并對(duì)不同時(shí)長(zhǎng)隨機(jī)噪聲的平穩(wěn)性進(jìn)行判斷。檢驗(yàn)方法的基本思想是通過(guò)比較隨機(jī)噪聲序列同替代數(shù)據(jù)在時(shí)頻特性上的差異,從而對(duì)隨機(jī)噪聲序列的平穩(wěn)性進(jìn)行判斷分析。通過(guò)對(duì)不同地區(qū)隨機(jī)噪聲的平穩(wěn)性進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,研究結(jié)果表明,陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲不是平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)過(guò)程,其特性隨著隨機(jī)噪聲時(shí)長(zhǎng)和采集環(huán)境特點(diǎn)發(fā)生變化。復(fù)雜環(huán)境中的隨機(jī)噪聲非平穩(wěn)性較強(qiáng),而簡(jiǎn)單環(huán)境中的隨機(jī)噪聲平穩(wěn)性較好。同時(shí),對(duì)短時(shí)長(zhǎng)和長(zhǎng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)隨機(jī)噪聲的平穩(wěn)性進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果顯示,短時(shí)長(zhǎng)隨機(jī)噪聲的平穩(wěn)性要好于長(zhǎng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)隨機(jī)噪聲的平穩(wěn)性。后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲平穩(wěn)性結(jié)論相一致。選用Thomson譜估計(jì)方法對(duì)陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的功率譜特性進(jìn)行研究。傳統(tǒng)上,通常認(rèn)為陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲在時(shí)空域是滿(mǎn)足白噪特性的。研究結(jié)果表明,陸地地震勘探從功率譜特性上看并不是白噪過(guò)程。隨機(jī)噪聲的功率譜特性隨著采集環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的不同而發(fā)生變化,對(duì)于沙漠地區(qū)、草原地區(qū)等簡(jiǎn)單的地理環(huán)境而言,陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的能量主要集中在低頻處,可以認(rèn)為是低頻、窄帶色噪聲;對(duì)于林帶地區(qū)、山地地區(qū)等復(fù)雜的地理環(huán)境而言,隨機(jī)噪聲中高頻成分相對(duì)豐富,頻帶較寬,可以近似認(rèn)為是寬頻色噪聲。同時(shí),對(duì)陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的時(shí)空相似性進(jìn)行科學(xué)分析。研究結(jié)果表明,陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的相似性主要受采集環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的影響。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單采集環(huán)境而言,隨機(jī)噪聲表現(xiàn)出一定的相似性;而對(duì)于復(fù)雜采集環(huán)境而言,隨機(jī)噪聲的時(shí)空相似性較差。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文結(jié)合采集環(huán)境特點(diǎn)和隨機(jī)噪聲平穩(wěn)性研究結(jié)論,對(duì)隨機(jī)噪聲相似性統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的合理性進(jìn)行必要的論證。采用延時(shí)矢量方差法和量化延時(shí)矢量方差方法,對(duì)陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的線(xiàn)性特性進(jìn)行研究,并對(duì)不同地區(qū)隨機(jī)噪聲的線(xiàn)性特性進(jìn)行綜合判斷。研究結(jié)果表明,隨機(jī)噪聲不能簡(jiǎn)單的歸為線(xiàn)性或非線(xiàn)性隨機(jī)過(guò)程。隨機(jī)噪聲的線(xiàn)性特性同采集環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)密切相關(guān)。當(dāng)采集環(huán)境相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單時(shí),隨機(jī)噪聲的線(xiàn)性特性較好,可以近似認(rèn)為是線(xiàn)性隨機(jī)過(guò)程;當(dāng)采集環(huán)境復(fù)雜時(shí),隨機(jī)噪聲中有非線(xiàn)性成分存在,簡(jiǎn)單的線(xiàn)性模型已經(jīng)無(wú)法表征出隨機(jī)噪聲的特性,這時(shí)隨機(jī)噪聲應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是非線(xiàn)性隨機(jī)過(guò)程的產(chǎn)物。本文對(duì)陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲的高斯性、平穩(wěn)性、線(xiàn)性、功率譜特性和相似性進(jìn)行科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的研究。在研究中,對(duì)不同典型地理環(huán)境下采集到的隨機(jī)噪聲的特性進(jìn)行判斷,同時(shí)對(duì)不同地區(qū)隨機(jī)噪聲在特性方面的差異進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到關(guān)于陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲特性的總體認(rèn)識(shí)。研究結(jié)果表明,傳統(tǒng)上對(duì)于隨機(jī)噪聲特性的認(rèn)識(shí)有一定的片面性,存在一定的局限性。隨機(jī)噪聲的特性是同采集環(huán)境密切相關(guān)的,不同時(shí)長(zhǎng)隨機(jī)噪聲在特性方面也存在一定的差異。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)一系列的理論分析和正演實(shí)驗(yàn),論證本文研究結(jié)果的正確性和可靠性。綜上,本文的研究成果是對(duì)陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲特性的一種新認(rèn)識(shí),是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)理論的一種有益的補(bǔ)充,為改進(jìn)隨機(jī)噪聲消減技術(shù)和隨機(jī)噪聲建模領(lǐng)域的研究提供理論依據(jù),具有較好的實(shí)際意義和應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Land seismic exploration is an important means of resource exploration. In the face of complex surface and near surface geological conditions, more and more deep space and increasingly complex exploration targets for seismic exploration and put forward higher requirements. In the whole process of land seismic exploration (acquisition, processing, interpretation), seismic data processing is the most important link in particular, the random noise in the process of suppression effect directly affects a series of processing, including velocity analysis, migration imaging and inversion. However, the field acquisition of seismic data, with a large number of random noise information detector received seismic records, especially the exploration target is complicated, and the noise signal is very weak the record is very strong, the overall low SNR, how in the condition of low SNR effectively suppress random noise of seismic exploration is very important. Because of low SNR signals The amount is weak, in order to effectively suppress random noise of seismic exploration requires the spatial and temporal characteristics of random noise recognition and a systematic study, so as to guide the random noise suppression methods, and improved suppression strategy. At present, the random noise characteristics has been done on the science of system, which directly affect the signal-to-noise of seismic records the ratio of effective improvement and development of random noise reduction technology. The improved random noise reduction technology effectively is based on the random noise characteristics of an accurate understanding of the seismic exploration. Therefore, study on seismic random noise characteristics has important practical significance. This paper focuses on the land seismic random noise, the time domain, research with the system in spatial domain and space-time domain. The main characteristics of the random noise of Gauss, stability, linear characteristics, spectrum characteristics and similarity Comprehensive analysis. Comparison of different acquisition environment (grassland, desert, mountain, forest), differences in the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of random noise, analysis of the relationship between acquisition environment and random noise. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the study, analysis of the influence of acquisition environment complexity and noise factors such as long to random noise characteristics. Finally, combined with the characteristics of random noise generation mechanism and acquisition environment, the rationality of the results of the comprehensive discussion. The specific research results are as follows: high order statistics with the Shapiro-Wilk test method to determine the combination of Gauss seismic random noise. Firstly, seismic random noise value and kurtosis skewness characteristics of high order statistics analysis, found the random noise in high order statistic distribution of significant differences between the same Gauss stochastic process. On this basis, use the Shapiro-Wilk test for random noise The accurate judgment of Gauss Gauss. The results show that the random noise is affected by the acquisition environment characteristics. Acquisition environment is simple, non Gauss random noise is more obvious; acquisition environment more complex, non Gauss random noise is weak. Through the analysis and comparison of the results of Gauss test for different regions of random noise the record, Gauss found that non random noise recorded very high proportion of common land. Therefore, seismic random noise should be considered non Gauss random process. In this paper, for the first time based on the stationary test side frequency analysis and surrogate data method is introduced to determine the stability of the land seismic random noise, and judge of long stationary random noise. The basic idea of different test methods are compared with the data in the random noise sequence instead of time-frequency characteristics of the differences of random noise sequence We can analyze the stationarity. Through statistical analysis of stationary random noise in different regions, the results show that the land seismic random noise is a stationary stochastic process, the characteristics of random noise with long time and collecting environmental characteristics change. The random noise in complex environment nonstationarity and stationarity, simple random noise the environment is good. At the same time, the comparative analysis of stationary random noise, long short long and long time results show that stationary stationary random noise in a short time is long long of random noise is consistent with the experimental results. The subsequent land seismic random noise stationarity. Conclusion using Thomson spectrum estimation spectrum the characteristics of power of a terrestrial seismic random noise is studied. Traditionally, usually think land seismic random noise in time-space domain is to meet the characteristics of white noise The research results show that the power spectral characteristics of land seismic exploration from the point of view is not white noise. The random noise power spectrum characteristics of different features with the collection of environmental changes, the desert area, simple geographical environment of grassland areas such as land, seismic random noise energy is mainly concentrated in the low frequency, can that is the low frequency, narrow band noise; for forest area, mountainous area and complex geographical environment, relatively rich in high frequency random noise, wide frequency band, can be considered as the broadband noise. At the same time, the spatio-temporal land seismic random noise similarity was analyzed. The results show that similarity land seismic random noise is mainly affected by the acquisition environment characteristics. For the simple acquisition environment, random noise showed some similarities; and for the acquisition of complex Environment, time and space of random noise similarity is poor. On this basis, combining with the conclusion acquisition environment characteristics and random noise stability research, the rationality of the similarity of the statistical result of random noise. The necessary arguments by delay vector variance method and quantified delay vector variance method, to study the characteristics of linear random land seismic exploration the noise characteristics of different regions, and the linear random noise comprehensive judgment. The results show that the random noise can not be simply classified as linear or nonlinear stochastic process. Closely related to characteristics of linear characteristics of random noise with the acquisition environment. When the acquisition environment is relatively simple, good linear characteristics of random noise, can be regarded as the is a linear stochastic process; when the acquisition environment is complex, there are nonlinear random noise, a simple linear model has been unable to represent The characteristics of random noise, the random noise should be considered to be the result of nonlinear stochastic process. In this paper, Gauss, on the land of seismic random noise stationarity, linearity, power spectral characteristics and research of the scientific system of similarity. In the study, characteristics of the random noise of different typical physical environment to the acquisition of at the same time to judge, on different areas of random noise in the characteristics of the comparative analysis, have overall understanding about the land seismic random noise characteristics. The results show that the traditional understanding of the characteristics of random noise has certain one sidedness and limitations. The property of random noise is the same acquisition environment the same random noise also exist certain differences in characteristics. On this basis, through a series of theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of this research forward. The correctness and reliability of the results. In conclusion, the research results of this paper is a kind of new understanding of land seismic random noise characteristics, is a useful supplement to the traditional theory, for the improvement of random noise and random noise reduction technology in the field of modeling provides a theoretical basis, practical significance and good application prospect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.4

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王云專(zhuān);蘭金濤;龍玉沙;;基于S變換的隨機(jī)噪聲壓制方法[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2010年02期

2 陸文凱;;基于離散余弦變換的地震隨機(jī)噪聲壓制技術(shù)[J];石油地球物理勘探;2011年02期

3 謝金娥;劉志成;呂秋玲;;一種優(yōu)化預(yù)測(cè)濾波壓制隨機(jī)噪聲的方法[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2012年03期

4 黃英;文曉濤;賀振華;;地震圖像隨機(jī)噪聲的非局部均值去噪法[J];斷塊油氣田;2013年06期

5 石顯新;楊秋芬;侯彥威;;二維物理小波標(biāo)架去除探地雷達(dá)信號(hào)隨機(jī)噪聲[J];電波科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年06期

6 王忠仁,馬中高,李敏,劉學(xué)偉,孫建國(guó);三維疊后隨機(jī)噪聲衰減技術(shù)[J];石油物探;1999年04期

7 吳亞?wèn)|,符溪,文鵬飛,王宏語(yǔ),譚紹泉,任富新,姜維財(cái);奇異值分解壓制隨機(jī)噪聲的方法及應(yīng)用[J];新疆石油地質(zhì);2003年02期

8 劉偉;曹思遠(yuǎn);王征;車(chē)慧翠;孫文艷;;隨機(jī)噪聲的多尺度多方向域壓制方法研究[J];石油物探;2011年03期

9 劉洋;劉財(cái);王典;李勤學(xué);馮fE;王建民;;時(shí)變中值濾波技術(shù)在地震隨機(jī)噪聲衰減中的應(yīng)用[J];石油地球物理勘探;2008年03期

10 劉財(cái),王典,劉洋,王培茂,李勤學(xué);二維多級(jí)中值濾波技術(shù)在隨機(jī)噪聲消除中的應(yīng)用初探[J];石油地球物理勘探;2005年02期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前6條

1 余景鋒;江為為;;地震隨機(jī)噪聲壓制方法研究[A];中國(guó)地球物理2013——第二十二專(zhuān)題論文集[C];2013年

2 劉志鵬;陳小宏;;頻域特征圖像法壓制隨機(jī)噪聲研究[A];中國(guó)地球物理·2009[C];2009年

3 鄧小英;楊頂輝;關(guān)昕;;基于支持向量回歸的隨機(jī)噪聲消減和零漂去除[A];中國(guó)地球物理·2009[C];2009年

4 薛亞茹;陳小宏;;基于方向可導(dǎo)濾波器的隨機(jī)噪聲壓制方法[A];中國(guó)地球物理學(xué)會(huì)第二十四屆年會(huì)論文集[C];2008年

5 張貴霞;田鋼;;隨機(jī)噪聲形成機(jī)制的數(shù)學(xué)模擬研究[A];1999年中國(guó)地球物理學(xué)會(huì)年刊——中國(guó)地球物理學(xué)會(huì)第十五屆年會(huì)論文集[C];1999年

6 林春;王緒本;;基于Curvelet變換塊閾值法的地震隨機(jī)噪聲衰減[A];中國(guó)地球物理·2009[C];2009年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 李光輝;陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲建模與分析[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

2 王冬梅;陸地地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲時(shí)空特性研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

3 王金芳;隱馬爾可夫模型平滑估計(jì)理論及其在壓制地震資料隨機(jī)噪聲中的應(yīng)用[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 黃梅紅;方向可控濾波在地震隨機(jī)噪聲壓制中的應(yīng)用[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

2 蘭金濤;基于廣義S變換的隨機(jī)噪聲壓制方法研究[D];東北石油大學(xué);2011年

3 韓佳君;Curvelet變換組合法壓制地震隨機(jī)噪聲研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

4 劉艷芳;基于Bandelet變換的地震隨機(jī)噪聲去除[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

5 鄧添予;基于固定點(diǎn)算法的地震信號(hào)隨機(jī)噪聲盲分離方法應(yīng)用研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2010年

6 何東超;LS-SVM模型在陸地地震隨機(jī)噪聲建模及壓制中的應(yīng)用[D];吉林大學(xué);2015年

7 喬美玉;基于EMD的粒子濾波在地震勘探隨機(jī)噪聲壓制中的應(yīng)用[D];吉林大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：1530085