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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)核層微細血管的自適應(yīng)光學成像研究　出處：《中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 自適應(yīng)光學 液晶波前校正器 視網(wǎng)膜微細血管成像 多視場自適應(yīng)光學 眼視光學

【摘要】：內(nèi)分泌疾病,如糖尿病、高血壓等在早期就會在10μm以下直徑的視網(wǎng)膜微細血管上出現(xiàn)血管瘤、棉絮斑等癥狀,對視網(wǎng)膜微細血管的成像檢查可以及時對內(nèi)分泌病變做早期診斷。但是觀測視網(wǎng)膜時必須放大瞳孔,引入強烈的人眼像差,使醫(yī)學臨床所用的檢眼鏡只能看清直徑15?m以上的微細血管圖像。只有結(jié)合自適應(yīng)光學技術(shù),通過實時探測并且校正人眼的像差,才能得到3μm的高分辨成像效果。但是,視網(wǎng)膜為10層半透明組織結(jié)構(gòu),10μm以下直徑的微細血管位于數(shù)十微米厚的內(nèi)核層中,而人眼結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)各異,內(nèi)核層微細血管的快速定位成為非常棘手的問題,另外,微細血管成像對比度低、自適應(yīng)成像視場小也是亟需解決的問題。本論文針對人眼的光學特性,對自適應(yīng)成像光路系統(tǒng)做了創(chuàng)新性設(shè)計。提出了以視覺細胞層作為基準位置,對內(nèi)核層微細血管進行定位成像的方法;統(tǒng)計了不同人眼的微細血管層公共區(qū)域;利用模型眼對人眼進行仿真,得到了人眼有效焦距和人眼軸長之間的關(guān)系,能夠準確計算出內(nèi)核層像面位置,解決了人眼結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)各異的問題。設(shè)計了微細血管定位成像實驗:1)利用視標引導(dǎo)方式對視網(wǎng)膜進行橫向定位,確定了視標位于眼前1D位置可保持人眼盯視標的準確性和穩(wěn)定性;2)利用電控位移臺改變成像相機位置和照明光源位置,對視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)核層的微細血管進行縱向定位;3)對視網(wǎng)膜微細血管成像光路進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,包括照明光源的光路設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)時序的設(shè)計等,討論了系統(tǒng)焦深對微細血管成像的影響。設(shè)計并搭建了視網(wǎng)膜自適應(yīng)光學系統(tǒng),對視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)核層中的微細血管進行成像,獲得了直徑小于10μm的微細血管圖像,并且通過圖像處理方法將微細血管圖像的對比度提高到0.35。為解決自適應(yīng)成像視場小、視網(wǎng)膜檢測覆蓋率低的問題,設(shè)計了多視場自適應(yīng)光學視網(wǎng)膜成像系統(tǒng);計算了液晶波前校正器的像素數(shù)并設(shè)計了多視場在液晶波前校正器上的排列方式;設(shè)計了多視場哈特曼波前探測器,并利用兩個視場進行了模擬驗證,確定了多視場哈特曼波前探測器的精度可以滿足實驗要求。本研究將推動視網(wǎng)膜微細血管成像早日應(yīng)用于臨床診斷。
[Abstract]:Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and so on in the early stage in the retinal microvascular diameter below 10 渭 m appear on the hemangioma, cotton spots and other symptoms. Imaging of retinal microvessels can make early diagnosis of endocrine lesions in time, but when observing retina, we must dilate pupil and introduce strong aberration of human eyes. Make the ophthalmoscope used in medical clinic only see the diameter 15? Only by combining with adaptive optics and real time detecting and correcting the aberration of human eyes can we get a high resolution imaging effect of 3 渭 m. The retina is composed of 10 layers of translucent tissue with a diameter of less than 10 渭 m, which is located in the nuclear layer of tens of microns thick, and the parameters of the human eye structure are different. In addition, the low contrast of microvascular imaging and the small adaptive imaging field of view are also the problems that need to be solved. This paper aims at the optical properties of human eyes. An innovative design of adaptive imaging optical path system is presented, and a method of locating and imaging the fine vessels in the inner kernel layer is proposed, which takes the visual cell layer as the reference position. The common area of microvascular layer in different human eyes was counted. By using the model eye to simulate the human eye, the relationship between the effective focal length of the human eye and the length of the human eye axis is obtained, and the location of the image plane of the kernel layer can be accurately calculated. The problem of different structure parameters of human eyes was solved. Experiment 1: 1 of microvascular localization was designed to locate the retina laterally using the method of visual standard guidance. The accuracy and stability of human eye staring can be maintained by determining that the visual marker is located at the 1D position of the eye. 2) changing the position of imaging camera and illuminating light source by using electronic control displacement table to locate the fine vessels in the inner layer of retina longitudinally; 3) the optical path of retinal microvascular imaging is optimized, including the design of illumination light source, the design of system timing and so on. The effect of system focal depth on microvascular imaging is discussed. A retinal adaptive optical system is designed and built to image the microvessels in the inner layer of the retina. The microvascular image with diameter less than 10 渭 m was obtained, and the contrast of the image was raised to 0.35 by image processing. In order to solve the problem of small field of view in adaptive imaging. In order to solve the problem of low retinal detection coverage, a multi-field adaptive optical retinal imaging system is designed. The number of pixels of the liquid crystal wavefront corrector is calculated and the arrangement of multi-view field on the liquid crystal wavefront corrector is designed. A multi-field Hartman wavefront detector is designed and simulated with two fields of view. The accuracy of the multi-field Hartmann wavefront detector is determined to meet the experimental requirements. This study will promote the application of retinal microvascular imaging in clinical diagnosis at an early date.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O439

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本文編號：1395474