本文關(guān)鍵詞：寬溫度范圍對(duì)變形鏡工作性能的影響研究　出處：《中國科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 自適應(yīng)光學(xué) 變形鏡 低溫變形 有限元法

【摘要】：由于傳統(tǒng)自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)都是安裝在望遠(yuǎn)鏡下面的庫德房內(nèi),所以來自星體的光線要經(jīng)過一系列的反射鏡才能入射到庫德房內(nèi),這樣就會(huì)增加系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性并且使得接受到的光線變暗。用自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)代替部分反射鏡,可以減小系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性,提高成像光斑的亮度。這時(shí),自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的性能會(huì)受到環(huán)境溫度的影響,特別是變形鏡的像差校正能力。由于望遠(yuǎn)鏡一般在晚上工作,所以自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的工作溫度隨四季環(huán)境變化較大,其最低溫度為-10℃,最高溫度為20℃。自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的光學(xué)儀器一般是在室溫環(huán)境下工作的,所以低溫環(huán)境下的性能有待研究,特別是作為自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)核心器件的變形鏡。低溫變形鏡的研究勢(shì)在必行。簡單介紹了自適應(yīng)光學(xué)、低溫自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)和變形鏡,分析了目前國內(nèi)外低溫變形鏡的研究現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響低溫變形鏡性能的兩個(gè)主要因素是低溫初始鏡面變形和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的低溫性能。另外,分析了各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)低溫變形鏡的特點(diǎn),最終選擇分立式連續(xù)表面變形鏡最為研究對(duì)象。從理論上分析了分立式連續(xù)表面變形鏡低溫鏡面的主要原因:鏡面變形是由變形鏡驅(qū)動(dòng)器和底座熱膨脹系數(shù)不匹配引起的變形鏡底座彎曲導(dǎo)致的。采用有限元法提取了61單元ULE變形鏡的底座變形和鏡面變形,驗(yàn)證了理論分析的正確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種解決方案——改進(jìn)變形鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)。從理論上解釋了改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)變形鏡的工作原理,并通過有限元法計(jì)算了61單元改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)ULE變形鏡的底座變形和鏡面變形,發(fā)現(xiàn)改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)變形鏡的底座變形和鏡面變形都得到了有效地削弱。分析了驅(qū)動(dòng)器排布和鏡面材料參數(shù)對(duì)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)變形鏡低溫鏡面變形的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)的變形鏡基本不受這些因素影響。計(jì)算了ULE變形鏡、K4變形鏡、改進(jìn)ULE變形鏡和改進(jìn)K4變形鏡的低溫鏡面變形,為下一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了理論依據(jù)。由于影響低溫變形鏡性能的兩個(gè)因素是低溫初始鏡面變形和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的低溫性能,所以先測量了驅(qū)動(dòng)器的低溫性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明壓電陶瓷驅(qū)動(dòng)器在20℃至-60℃之間最大變形量基本不變。說明壓電陶瓷驅(qū)動(dòng)器在20℃至-60℃之間是可以正常使用的。測量了四個(gè)樣鏡(ULE變形鏡、K4變形鏡、改進(jìn)ULE變形鏡和改進(jìn)K4變形鏡)在20℃至-20℃之間的鏡面面形,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明兩種結(jié)構(gòu)變形鏡的低溫鏡面變形都隨著溫度的降低而增大;相同溫度下,K4變形鏡的鏡面變形小于ULE變形鏡;改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)的變形鏡能夠有效地減小變形鏡的低溫鏡面變形,驗(yàn)證了理論研究的正確性。仿真分析并測試了實(shí)際使用的兩個(gè)913單元變形鏡(K4變形鏡和ULE變形鏡)的全口徑和中心區(qū)域Φ150mm口徑內(nèi)的低溫鏡面變形。仿真分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本一致,都表明:K4變形鏡的低溫鏡面變形小于ULE變形鏡;低溫時(shí),二者的鏡面變形反向相反。其中,K4變形鏡的低溫鏡面變形較小,不影響變形鏡的像差校正能力,滿足了自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際使用要求。
[Abstract]:Because of the traditional adaptive optics system is installed in the telescope below Kurdish room, so the light from stars to go through a series of mirrors to incident to the Kurds inside the room, it will increase the complexity of the system and makes the light receiving part. The mirror is replaced by an adaptive optical system can reduce the system complexity and improve the brightness of imaging spot. Then, the performance of adaptive optical system can be affected by environmental temperature, especially the aberration correction ability. The deformable mirror telescope at work, so the adaptive optics system working temperature environment changes greatly with seasons, the lowest temperature of -10, the highest temperature is 20 degrees centigrade. Optical the instrument of adaptive optics system is generally working at room temperature, so the performance of low temperature environment to be studied, especially as adaptive optics Deformable mirror is the core component in the system. It is imperative to study the low temperature deformation mirror are introduced. Low temperature adaptive optics, adaptive optics and deformable mirror, analyzes the current research status at home and abroad at the mirror and found two main factors affecting the low temperature performance of the low temperature performance of the deformable mirror is the initial surface deformation and drive temperature. In addition, analysis of the characteristics of different structure of cryogenic deformable mirror, the final choice of discrete continuous surface deformable mirror as the research object. The analysis of the main reason of discrete continuous surface deformable mirror mirror temperature theoretically: Mirror deformation is composed of deformable mirror actuator and a thermal expansion coefficient mismatch caused by the deformable mirror base bending causes. Extraction the 61 element deformable mirror ULE base deformation and surface deformation by finite element method, verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Based on this, puts forward a The structure of solutions -- improved deformable mirror. Improve the working principle of the deformable mirror is explained from the theory, and through the finite element method to calculate the 61 unit structure improvement of ULE deformable mirror base deformation and surface deformation, found that the improved structure of mirror base deformation and surface deformation can effectively weaken the influence of low temperature mirror. The thermal deformation of the mirror and mirror drive arrangement of material parameters on the structure of two kinds of deformation analysis, found that the improvement of the basic structure of deformable mirror is not affected by these factors. ULE deformable mirror is calculated, K4 deformable mirror, mirror ULE mirror and improve the low temperature deformation of improved K4 deformable mirror deformation, provides a theoretical basis for the next experiment due to two factors. The effects of low temperature and low temperature performance is the performance of the deformable mirror surface deformation and temperature of the initial drive, so the first measurement of low-temperature performance of the actuator. Experimental results show that the piezoelectric ceramic Porcelain drive maximum deformation is basically unchanged between 20 DEG C to -60 DEG C. That piezoelectric ceramic drive between 20 DEG C to -60 DEG C can be used normally. Four kind of mirror measurement (ULE deformable mirror K4 deformable mirror, improved ULE and improved K4 deformable mirror mirror mirror surface) between 20 C to -20 DEG C, the experimental results show that two kinds of low temperature mirror structure deformable mirror deformation and increases with decreasing temperature; under the same temperature, the K4 deformation of mirror deformation less than ULE deformable mirror; low temperature mirror improved deformable mirror structure can effectively reduce the deformation of mirror deformation, verify the correctness of the theoretical research simulation analysis and test. The two unit 913, the actual use of the deformable mirror (K4 deformable mirror and ULE deformable mirror) full aperture and the central area with 150mm diameter inside the low temperature surface deformation. Simulation analysis and experimental results are basically consistent, show that: K4 deformable mirror The mirror deformation at low temperature is smaller than that of ULE deformable mirror. At low temperature, the mirror deformation of the two faces is reversed. The deformation of the K4 deformable mirror at low temperature is smaller, which does not affect the aberration correction ability of the deformable mirror, and satisfies the practical application requirements of the adaptive optics system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O439

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