【摘要】：自2012年起,霧霾為中國(guó)各界人士所廣泛關(guān)注。因此,針對(duì)霧霾污染及其所約束的環(huán)境技術(shù)效率評(píng)價(jià)也為越來(lái)越多的研究者所關(guān)心。本研究首先深入分析中國(guó)霧霾污染與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系及其特征;其次,在傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境技術(shù)效率研究的基礎(chǔ)上,引入霧霾這一新的約束條件,評(píng)價(jià)了霧霾約束下中國(guó)各省市環(huán)境技術(shù)效率,并以環(huán)境技術(shù)效率視角檢驗(yàn)了環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線的適用性:最后,嘗試研究了環(huán)境技術(shù)效率與公共健康的關(guān)聯(lián)程度。本文的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)考慮霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術(shù)效率平均值為0.706,無(wú)約束下技術(shù)效率值為0.867。兩者有顯著差異,霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術(shù)效率到生產(chǎn)前沿面的距離遠(yuǎn)于無(wú)約束下的技術(shù)效率。基于變異系數(shù)及秩和檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果均顯示不考慮霧霾約束的技術(shù)效率評(píng)價(jià)是有偏的。(2)總體來(lái)看,中國(guó)各省市在不改變投入產(chǎn)出的前提下,能源消耗、水資源消耗以及霧霾減排空間較大。樣本考察期間,各地區(qū)平均節(jié)能潛力、節(jié)水潛力、減霾潛力分別為24.26%、39.16%、26.49%。節(jié)能減霾應(yīng)成為中國(guó)各省市提升環(huán)境技術(shù)效率的工作重點(diǎn)。(3)SBM-Undesirable區(qū)間模型的構(gòu)建及應(yīng)用使技術(shù)效率評(píng)價(jià)更加全面。考慮霧霾高低濃度區(qū)間數(shù)的效率測(cè)度表明,區(qū)間DEA部分有效、有效、無(wú)效省份數(shù)依此減少,分別占比62.22%、29.44%、8.33%。模糊左關(guān)系排序法顯示,橫向截面上區(qū)間DEA有效省份數(shù)在減少,各省市截面排序變化程度較大;縱向時(shí)序上區(qū)間DEA效率有效年份較少且有效性省份數(shù)呈減少態(tài)勢(shì)。(4)霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術(shù)效率與經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模存在倒U曲線關(guān)系,但與傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線的意義恰好相反。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、貿(mào)易依存度、地區(qū)發(fā)達(dá)程度與環(huán)境技術(shù)效率之間顯著正相關(guān)。環(huán)境規(guī)制、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、人口密度與環(huán)境技術(shù)效率顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。FDI對(duì)環(huán)境技術(shù)效率負(fù)影響但不顯著。(5)霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術(shù)效率與公眾健康具有顯著正相關(guān)性。一方面,農(nóng)村居民健康支出能力、千人衛(wèi)生技術(shù)人員數(shù)、人口密度及城市化水平與公眾健康呈正相關(guān)性。另一方面,教育程度、城鎮(zhèn)居民健康支出能力與公眾健康之間并不存在有效顯著性。
[Abstract]:Since 2012, haze has been widely concerned by people from all walks of life in China. Therefore, more and more researchers are concerned about the environmental technical efficiency evaluation of haze pollution and its constraints. Firstly, the relationship between haze pollution and economic growth in China and its characteristics are analyzed. Secondly, based on the research of traditional environmental technical efficiency, this paper introduces haze, which is a new constraint condition, to evaluate the environmental technical efficiency of provinces and cities in China under the constraint of haze. The applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve is tested from the perspective of environmental technical efficiency. Finally, the relationship between environmental technical efficiency and public health is studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the average value of environmental technical efficiency considering haze constraint is 0.706, and the technical efficiency value of unconstrained environment is 0.867. There is a significant difference between the two. The distance from the environmental technical efficiency to the production frontier under haze constraint is longer than that under the unconstrained environment. The results of variance coefficient and rank sum test show that the evaluation of technical efficiency without haze constraint is biased. (2) in general, the energy consumption of provinces and cities in China is not changed without changing the input and output. Water resources consumption and haze emission reduction space is large. During the period of sample investigation, the average energy saving potential, water saving potential and haze abatement potential of each region were 24.266.16 and 26.49, respectively. Energy saving and haze reduction should be the focus of environmental technical efficiency in China. (3) the construction and application of SBM-Undesirable interval model make the evaluation of technical efficiency more comprehensive. The efficiency measure considering the range number of high and low haze concentrations shows that the interval DEA is partially effective, and the number of invalid provinces is reduced accordingly, accounting for 62.22% and 29.44 / 8.33 respectively. The fuzzy left relation ranking method shows that the number of effective provinces of interval DEA is decreasing on the transverse section, and the degree of cross-section ranking of provinces and cities varies greatly. In the longitudinal time series, the effective years of interval DEA efficiency are few and the number of effective provinces is decreasing. (4) the relationship between environmental technical efficiency and economic scale under haze constraint is inversely U curve. But the meaning of Kuznets curve is opposite to that of traditional environmental Kuznets curve. Technological innovation, trade dependence, regional development and environmental technical efficiency are positively correlated. Environmental regulation, industrial structure, population density and environmental technical efficiency are negatively correlated. FDI has a negative effect on environmental technical efficiency, but not significant. (5) Environmental technical efficiency under haze constraints has a significant positive correlation with public health. On the one hand, the health expenditure ability of rural residents, the number of thousands of health technicians, the population density and the level of urbanization are positively correlated with public health. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between education level, health expenditure ability of urban residents and public health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X51

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