人工濕地強(qiáng)化技術(shù)及其效能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-16 22:15
【摘要】：人工濕地在實(shí)際運(yùn)行過(guò)程中營(yíng)養(yǎng)物(如氮和磷)的去除效果不穩(wěn)定(尤其是溫度降低時(shí)),限制了人工濕地在我國(guó)大規(guī)模推廣應(yīng)用。因此,研究強(qiáng)化人工濕地對(duì)廢水中污染物去除能力,尤其是對(duì)氮、磷的凈化能力,就顯得非常重要。本文通過(guò)建立不同強(qiáng)化措施來(lái)提高人工濕地的運(yùn)行性能,研究表明每天間歇曝氣12/d、人工濕地中添加玉米秸稈、鐵碳微電解基質(zhì)的應(yīng)用以及上行流模式水循環(huán)能夠提高人工濕地的運(yùn)行性能,研究結(jié)果人工濕地的常年穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行運(yùn)行提供技術(shù)支撐,對(duì)我國(guó)污水的治理及生態(tài)環(huán)境改善具有重要意義。本研究主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)采用每天間歇曝氣12h能夠明顯提高人工濕地的運(yùn)行性能,其氨氮(93.9%)、總氮(95.4%)和COD去除率(92.8%)明顯高于不曝氣人工濕地,分別比不曝氣人工濕地提高了11.0%、12.2%和20.7%。在不同C/N比進(jìn)水條件下,12h/d間歇曝氣人工濕地的氨氮的去除率在98.4-100%之間,氨氮去除效率沒(méi)有明顯下降,但是,曝氣系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的COD去除率會(huì)隨著C/N比增加而降低,其研究表明每天間歇曝氣12h適合于C/N在3.1-9.2之間污水的處理。溫度下降時(shí),每天間歇曝氣12h人工濕地中氨氮和COD去除率沒(méi)有明顯下降,氨氮和COD去除率分別維持97.7%以上和80.7-98.0%之間。而未曝氣人工濕地系統(tǒng)的氨氮和COD去除率受溫度影響較大,氨氮去除率下降了2.9%-11.2%,COD去除率在43.4-75.2%之間。以上研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,采用每天間歇曝氣12 h的方式能夠增強(qiáng)人工濕地去除效果,在溫度降低時(shí),還能維持較好的運(yùn)行性能。(2)人工濕地中添加緩釋碳源能夠提高人工濕地的反硝化速率。不同總氮濃度實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,所有人工濕地的氨氮和總磷去除率分別維持在87.4%和91%以上,但是,隨著總氮濃度提升到179.2 mg/L時(shí),人工濕地硝氮去除率下降。如玉米芯、木塊和空白人工濕地的硝氮去除率分別降至86.8,84.7和76.2%,但是玉米秸稈人工濕地依舊維持較高的硝氮去除率(92.1%)。溫度影響實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,添加緩釋碳源的人工濕地在溫度下降時(shí),人工濕地氨氮和總氮去除率有所下降,但也依舊能夠維持較高的氨氮、硝氮和總氮去除率。尤其是添加玉米秸稈的人工濕地,在溫度降低時(shí),即使當(dāng)進(jìn)水總氮濃度提高到179.2mg/l時(shí),氨氮、硝氮和總氮的去除率分別維持在89.7%、81.0%和82.8%。以上研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,采用緩釋碳源添加(尤其是玉米秸稈)的方式能夠在一定程度上加快反硝化過(guò)程,提高人工濕地的硝氮去除率,尤其是在溫度降低時(shí)還能維持較好的運(yùn)行性能,十分適合于高總氮濃度廢水的處理。(3)鐵碳微電解基質(zhì)的人工濕地具有強(qiáng)大的總磷吸附能力,當(dāng)進(jìn)水的總磷濃度升高至32.8mg/l,人工濕地總磷去除率依舊可維持在96.6%以上,同時(shí),人工濕地也具有較高的氨氮、硝氮、總氮以及cod去除率。溫度實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,人工濕地的總磷去除率受溫度影響較小(總磷去除率在96.0%以上),但是氨氮、硝氮和總氮去除率會(huì)隨溫度變化出現(xiàn)波動(dòng),其氨氮、硝氮、總氮和cod去除率也較高,分別在82.8%、81.9%、85.8和80.3%以上。鐵碳微電解人工濕地在cod濃度提高時(shí),cod去除率也較高(在83.8%以上),同時(shí),也具有較高的氨氮(92.9%)、硝氮(94.1%)、總氮(95.2%)及總磷(95.3%)去除率。當(dāng)硝氮濃度升高到75.8mg/l時(shí),鐵碳微電解人工濕地也能很好的去除硝氮(去除率在92.4%以上),以上研究結(jié)果表明,鐵碳微電解基質(zhì)不僅適合于高總磷濃度廢水的處理,也適合于有機(jī)物濃度和高硝氮濃度廢水的處理。(4)上行流人工濕地具有較為優(yōu)異的運(yùn)行性能,具有最高的氨氮(99.7%)、硝氮(87.2%)、總氮(93.1%)、總磷(95.4%)和cod(87.7%)去除率,下行流和平流流人工濕地次之,靜止流人工濕地運(yùn)行性能最差。溫度實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,不同構(gòu)型的人工濕地的運(yùn)行性能均受溫度的影響,尤其是下行流、平行流和靜止流人工濕地的運(yùn)行性能受溫度影響較大,但是上行流人工濕地相對(duì)于其他人工濕地受溫度影響較小,其氨氮、硝氮、總氮、總磷和cod去除率維持在94.8%、67.6%、78.4%、98.5%和77.9%以上�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),通過(guò)本次實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,采用每天間歇曝氣12h/d、添加緩釋碳源(尤其是玉米秸稈)、鐵碳微電解基質(zhì)的應(yīng)用以及采用上行流運(yùn)行的強(qiáng)化措施均能很好的增強(qiáng)人工濕地的運(yùn)行性能,尤其是在溫度降低時(shí)還能維持較好的運(yùn)行性能。此外,研究結(jié)果可為人工濕地的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中根據(jù)不同的廢水特點(diǎn)選擇合適的強(qiáng)化措施提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The removal of nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) during the actual operation of the constructed wetland is unstable (especially when the temperature is reduced), which limits the large-scale popularization and application of the constructed wetland in China. Therefore, it is very important to study the ability of artificial wetland to remove pollutants from waste water, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. Through the establishment of different strengthening measures to improve the operation performance of the artificial wetland, the research shows that the application of the corn stalk, the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis matrix in the artificial wetland and the water circulation of the upstream flow mode can improve the running performance of the artificial wetland through the establishment of different strengthening measures. The research results provide technical support for perennial stable operation of artificial wetland, which is of great significance to the treatment of sewage in China and improvement of ecological environment. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The operation performance of artificial wetland is obviously improved by using intermittent aeration for 12h per day, and the ammonia nitrogen (93.9%), total nitrogen (95.4%) and COD removal rate (92.8%) are obviously higher than that of non-aeration artificial wetland. 11. 0%, 12. 2% and 20. 7% higher than that of the unaerated artificial wetland, respectively. Under the condition of different C/ N ratio, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 98. 4-100%, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was not obviously decreased. However, the removal rate of COD in aeration system decreased with the increase of C/ N ratio. The study shows that the intermittent aeration for 12h per day is suitable for the treatment of sewage between C/ N and 3. 1-9. 2. When the temperature drops, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the artificial wetland is not obviously decreased, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD is above 97. 7% and 80. 7-98. 0%, respectively. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the unaerated wetland system was greatly influenced by temperature, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased by 2.9%-11.2%, and the COD removal rate was 43. 4-75. 2%. The results of the above study indicate that the removal effect of artificial wetland can be enhanced by intermittent aeration for 12 hours per day, and better operation performance can be maintained when the temperature is reduced. (2) adding sustained-release carbon source in the artificial wetland can improve the denitrification rate of the artificial wetland. The results of different total nitrogen concentration show that the ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate of all artificial wetland are maintained at 87. 4% and 91%, respectively. However, as the total nitrogen concentration is increased to 172.2mg/ L, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in artificial wetland decreases. The removal rates of nitrate and nitrogen from corn cobs, wood blocks and blank artificial wetland decreased to 86.8, 84.7 and 76.2% respectively, but the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in maize straw artificial wetland was still higher (92.1%). The experimental study on temperature effect showed that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in artificial wetland was decreased when the temperature of artificial wetland was decreased, but higher ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate could still be maintained. In particular, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were maintained at 89. 7%, 81. 0% and 82.8%, respectively, when the total nitrogen concentration was increased to 179. 2mg/ l. According to the above research results, the denitrification process can be accelerated to a certain extent by adopting a slow-release carbon source addition (especially corn straw), so that the denitrification rate of the artificial wetland can be improved, especially when the temperature is reduced, good running performance can be maintained, and is very suitable for the treatment of high total nitrogen concentration wastewater. (3) The artificial wetland of the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis substrate has strong total phosphorus adsorption capacity, and when the total phosphorus concentration of the water is increased to 32.8mg/ l, the total phosphorus removal rate of the artificial wetland can still be maintained at 96. 6%, meanwhile, the artificial wetland also has higher ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and cod removal rate. The experimental study shows that the total phosphorus removal rate of artificial wetland is less affected by temperature (total phosphorus removal rate is above 96.0%), but the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen will fluctuate with temperature. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and cod is also high, 82.8% and 81.9% respectively. 85. 8 and 80. 3%. At the same time, the COD removal rate was higher (83.8%), but also higher ammonia nitrogen (92.9%), nitrate nitrogen (94.1%), total nitrogen (95.2%) and total phosphorus (95.3%). When the concentration of nitrate nitrogen rises to 75. 8mg/ l, the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis artificial wetland can also remove nitrate nitrogen very well (the removal rate is over 92.4%), the above research results show that the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis substrate is not only suitable for the treatment of high total phosphorus concentration wastewater, and is also suitable for the treatment of organic matter concentration and high nitrate nitrogen concentration wastewater. (4) The upstream artificial wetland has excellent running performance, with the highest ammonia nitrogen (99. 7%), nitrate nitrogen (87.2%), total nitrogen (93.1%), total phosphorus (95.4%) and cod (87.7%) removal rate, followed by the second place in the downstream flow, and the rest flow artificial wetland has the worst performance. The experimental results show that the operating performance of the constructed wetland is influenced by the temperature, especially the downstream, parallel flow and static flow artificial wetland are affected by the temperature, but the upstream artificial wetland is less affected by the temperature with respect to the other artificial wetland. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and cod were 94.8%, 66.7%, 78.4%, 95.8% and 77.9% respectively. In general, the application of slow-release carbon source (especially maize straw), iron-carbon micro-electrolysis substrate and intensified measure adopting upstream flow can well enhance the operation performance of artificial wet land by adopting intermittent aeration for 12h/ day, adding slow-release carbon source (especially maize straw). especially when the temperature is reduced. In addition, the research results can provide reference basis for selecting appropriate strengthening measures according to different wastewater characteristics in the practical application of artificial wetland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703
[Abstract]:The removal of nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) during the actual operation of the constructed wetland is unstable (especially when the temperature is reduced), which limits the large-scale popularization and application of the constructed wetland in China. Therefore, it is very important to study the ability of artificial wetland to remove pollutants from waste water, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. Through the establishment of different strengthening measures to improve the operation performance of the artificial wetland, the research shows that the application of the corn stalk, the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis matrix in the artificial wetland and the water circulation of the upstream flow mode can improve the running performance of the artificial wetland through the establishment of different strengthening measures. The research results provide technical support for perennial stable operation of artificial wetland, which is of great significance to the treatment of sewage in China and improvement of ecological environment. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The operation performance of artificial wetland is obviously improved by using intermittent aeration for 12h per day, and the ammonia nitrogen (93.9%), total nitrogen (95.4%) and COD removal rate (92.8%) are obviously higher than that of non-aeration artificial wetland. 11. 0%, 12. 2% and 20. 7% higher than that of the unaerated artificial wetland, respectively. Under the condition of different C/ N ratio, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 98. 4-100%, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was not obviously decreased. However, the removal rate of COD in aeration system decreased with the increase of C/ N ratio. The study shows that the intermittent aeration for 12h per day is suitable for the treatment of sewage between C/ N and 3. 1-9. 2. When the temperature drops, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the artificial wetland is not obviously decreased, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD is above 97. 7% and 80. 7-98. 0%, respectively. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the unaerated wetland system was greatly influenced by temperature, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased by 2.9%-11.2%, and the COD removal rate was 43. 4-75. 2%. The results of the above study indicate that the removal effect of artificial wetland can be enhanced by intermittent aeration for 12 hours per day, and better operation performance can be maintained when the temperature is reduced. (2) adding sustained-release carbon source in the artificial wetland can improve the denitrification rate of the artificial wetland. The results of different total nitrogen concentration show that the ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate of all artificial wetland are maintained at 87. 4% and 91%, respectively. However, as the total nitrogen concentration is increased to 172.2mg/ L, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in artificial wetland decreases. The removal rates of nitrate and nitrogen from corn cobs, wood blocks and blank artificial wetland decreased to 86.8, 84.7 and 76.2% respectively, but the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in maize straw artificial wetland was still higher (92.1%). The experimental study on temperature effect showed that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in artificial wetland was decreased when the temperature of artificial wetland was decreased, but higher ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate could still be maintained. In particular, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were maintained at 89. 7%, 81. 0% and 82.8%, respectively, when the total nitrogen concentration was increased to 179. 2mg/ l. According to the above research results, the denitrification process can be accelerated to a certain extent by adopting a slow-release carbon source addition (especially corn straw), so that the denitrification rate of the artificial wetland can be improved, especially when the temperature is reduced, good running performance can be maintained, and is very suitable for the treatment of high total nitrogen concentration wastewater. (3) The artificial wetland of the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis substrate has strong total phosphorus adsorption capacity, and when the total phosphorus concentration of the water is increased to 32.8mg/ l, the total phosphorus removal rate of the artificial wetland can still be maintained at 96. 6%, meanwhile, the artificial wetland also has higher ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and cod removal rate. The experimental study shows that the total phosphorus removal rate of artificial wetland is less affected by temperature (total phosphorus removal rate is above 96.0%), but the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen will fluctuate with temperature. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and cod is also high, 82.8% and 81.9% respectively. 85. 8 and 80. 3%. At the same time, the COD removal rate was higher (83.8%), but also higher ammonia nitrogen (92.9%), nitrate nitrogen (94.1%), total nitrogen (95.2%) and total phosphorus (95.3%). When the concentration of nitrate nitrogen rises to 75. 8mg/ l, the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis artificial wetland can also remove nitrate nitrogen very well (the removal rate is over 92.4%), the above research results show that the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis substrate is not only suitable for the treatment of high total phosphorus concentration wastewater, and is also suitable for the treatment of organic matter concentration and high nitrate nitrogen concentration wastewater. (4) The upstream artificial wetland has excellent running performance, with the highest ammonia nitrogen (99. 7%), nitrate nitrogen (87.2%), total nitrogen (93.1%), total phosphorus (95.4%) and cod (87.7%) removal rate, followed by the second place in the downstream flow, and the rest flow artificial wetland has the worst performance. The experimental results show that the operating performance of the constructed wetland is influenced by the temperature, especially the downstream, parallel flow and static flow artificial wetland are affected by the temperature, but the upstream artificial wetland is less affected by the temperature with respect to the other artificial wetland. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and cod were 94.8%, 66.7%, 78.4%, 95.8% and 77.9% respectively. In general, the application of slow-release carbon source (especially maize straw), iron-carbon micro-electrolysis substrate and intensified measure adopting upstream flow can well enhance the operation performance of artificial wet land by adopting intermittent aeration for 12h/ day, adding slow-release carbon source (especially maize straw). especially when the temperature is reduced. In addition, the research results can provide reference basis for selecting appropriate strengthening measures according to different wastewater characteristics in the practical application of artificial wetland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703
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