L-谷氨酸對果實抗性的誘導(dǎo)作用及其相關(guān)機(jī)理研究
[Abstract]:In the practice of postharvest storage and transportation of fruit, fruit decay caused by fungal diseases will cause great economic loss. Although chemical fungicides are still the main control methods for controlling postharvest diseases, under the guidance of the concept of health and environmental protection, the types and limits of their use and scope are more stringent and limited. The inherent resistance mechanism of the fruit has become a new concept and new means for the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of the fruit. As one of the most important amino acids in the organism, L- glutamic acid and its sodium salt are widely used in various fields of real life. It has the characteristics of safe and environmental protection, low price, easy access and simple use of.L- glutamic acid. Plant metabolism occupies a very important position, not only to participate in the synthesis of a variety of metabolic substances related to stress resistance, but also plays an important role in the response to abiotic stress. However, there are few reports on its role in the plant disease defense response. This paper uses L- glutamic acid as a exogenous inducer. The prevention and control effect on postharvest diseases of fruit was discussed, and the resistance mechanism of L- glutamic acid to fruit was studied through multiple levels and angles of genes, proteins and substances. The results not only provide a theoretical basis for the development of a new type of fresh preservative based on L- glutamic acid, but also provide a new perspective and strategy for the study of plant resistance. The main results are as follows: (1) L- glutamic acid can resist or delay the development of postharvest diseases by inducing the resistance of the fruit (pear, tomato, citrus) itself, and the inhibition effect and induction time (above 24h), the treatment concentration (100mg U1) and other factors closely related to.L- glutamic acid, whether by pre harvest spraying or after postharvest treatment It can effectively improve the resistance of fruit to Postharvest Pathogens, and has broad application prospects in the field of fruit preservation and preservation. (2) L- glutamic acid as a precursor of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) activates the expression of key genes related to GABA synthesis and metabolism in the GABA branch of tomato fruit, and the exogenous GABA treatment can effectively resist tomatoes. The infection of the fruit saprophytic pathogen Alternariaalternate, its mechanism and activation of the.GABA branch related to the activation of the GABA branch in the fruit of the fruit may be related to the strengthening of the three carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle path to provide more energy for the defense response; on the other hand, it may prevent the accumulation of active oxygen and reduce cell death. The induction mechanism of L- glutamic acid on tomato fruit resistance may be closely related to the GABA branch. (3) after L- glutamic acid treatment, the main nitrogen metabolism pathway of the respiratory climacteric fruit tomato is activated by the GS on the cycle of glutamine synthetase / glutamic synthetase (GS/ GOGAT). At the same time, it is associated with carbon metabolism. The genes encoding hexokinase and pyruvate kinase in the glycolysis pathway and the malate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle are strongly induced. That is to say, the resistance mechanism of L- glutamic acid to A.alternata may be related to the activation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism pathway. (4) the fruit of tomato is treated with Salicylic acid after L- glutamic acid treatment. Genes related to the pathway of signaling, such as PAL, NPR1, TGA1, TGA2, WRKY70 and PR genes, are significantly up-regulated, and the two key ethylene synthetase genes on the ethylene synthesis pathway, ACS, ACO and ethylene receptor ETR3, are strongly suppressed in the transcriptional expression of ETR4; the LOX1 on the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway is downregulated and its signal turns Jasmonate receptor COI1 on the guide path, the transcriptional level of the transcriptional factor MYC2 and the jasmonic acid induced protease inhibitor PI- II, while the negative regulatory transcription factor JAZ1 has a certain upward trend. It is known that the resistance mechanism of L- glutamic acid to the Postharvest black spot of tomato fruit may be dependent on the synthesis and letter of salicylic acid. There was a certain inhibitory effect of glutamic acid on the synthesis of ethylene / jasmonic acid and signal pathway. (5) the results of the relative and absolute quantitative (iTRAQ) test of the same heavy isotopes showed that 97 proteins in the tomato fruit treated with glutamic acid were significantly expressed in comparison with the control group, and the 42 proteins were significantly down expressed, and these differences were different. The protein was significantly enriched in the interaction of plant and pathogenic bacteria, synthesis of phenylpropane, energy metabolism (oxidation phosphorylation and polysaccharide decomposition pathway), fatty acid metabolism and other metabolic pathways closely related to plant resistance. (6) the results of the changes in the material content of tomato fruit by GC / MS (GC-MS) were analyzed. The results showed that L- glutamic acid may activate the energy metabolism of fruit, amino acid metabolism and the pathway of salicylic acid signal, and have certain inhibitory effects on the synthesis pathway of ethylene / jasmonic acid. (7) the results of the transcription of Citrus transcriptional expression of non climacteric fruit show that L- glutamic acid under the condition of unplanted pathogen Penicillium digitatum There were 623 up-regulated genes and 647 down-regulated genes in the citrus fruits compared with the control group. Under the condition of inoculation, the L- glutamic acid treatment group had 234 up-regulated genes and 193 down-regulation genes. These genes involved carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, plant irritable Sudache and secondary metabolism, which were closely related to the fruit resistance. In summary, L- glutamic acid can effectively resist fruit disease by inducing fruit resistance. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the GABA branch, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and salicylic acid pathway, and the inhibition of the ethylene / jasmonate pathway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:TS255.3
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