【摘要】：在電氣化鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)中,由于牽引供電系統(tǒng)自身特有的供電制式和機(jī)車復(fù)雜多變的運(yùn)行工況,機(jī)車負(fù)荷產(chǎn)生大量無(wú)功和諧波,導(dǎo)致?tīng)恳╇娤到y(tǒng)功率因數(shù)低、波形畸變嚴(yán)重和電壓波動(dòng)大等電能質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,不僅增加電能的損耗,降低能源的利用效率,還威脅電氣化鐵路牽引供電系統(tǒng)和機(jī)車負(fù)荷的安全性和穩(wěn)定性,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至引起電氣設(shè)備損壞,引發(fā)供電、行車事故,造成國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)重大損失。因此,必須采取行之有效的措施對(duì)電氣化鐵路電能質(zhì)量進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償和治理,而本文提出基于27.5 kV直掛式級(jí)聯(lián)型有源電力濾波器(APF)的有源補(bǔ)償方案,并對(duì)方案實(shí)施中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。本文首先針對(duì)電氣化鐵路典型的交直型和交直交型電力機(jī)車、動(dòng)車組的網(wǎng)側(cè)電氣特性進(jìn)行了分析,通過(guò)大量機(jī)車負(fù)荷實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)詳細(xì)分析了機(jī)車負(fù)荷本身的無(wú)功、諧波特征。此外,根據(jù)在牽引變電所實(shí)地監(jiān)測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù),分析了牽引母線的無(wú)功、諧波水平,顯示了電氣化鐵路電能質(zhì)量治理的迫切性,并為有源補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)合京滬高速鐵路電能質(zhì)量綜合治理試點(diǎn)工程,本文總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有的電氣化鐵路電能質(zhì)量治理措施,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出采用直掛式級(jí)聯(lián)型APF動(dòng)態(tài)治理電氣化鐵路無(wú)功、諧波等電能質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。針對(duì)典型的牽引供電方式,如以YNd11、單相Vv變壓器為主的27.5 kV供電電壓的直接供電方式,以及2×27.5 kV和55 kV供電電壓的自耦變壓器(AT)供電方式,本文分析了級(jí)聯(lián)型APF實(shí)現(xiàn)方案、工作原理和系統(tǒng)配置結(jié)構(gòu),研究了不同牽引供電方式下不同有源補(bǔ)償方案的基波有功電流、基波無(wú)功電流和諧波電流的流通回路等。級(jí)聯(lián)型APF主電路復(fù)雜、系統(tǒng)龐大,與之對(duì)應(yīng)的控制系統(tǒng)同樣結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、任務(wù)繁重。因此,本文分析了空間資源、時(shí)間資源消耗較少的ip-iq參考電流檢測(cè)算法、滑窗迭代DFT檢測(cè)算法和采用兩個(gè)權(quán)值的自適應(yīng)對(duì)消檢測(cè)算法。在分析上述檢測(cè)算法的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)具有波動(dòng)性的機(jī)車負(fù)荷,提出改進(jìn)的ip-iq檢測(cè)算法和無(wú)鎖相環(huán)的單相諧波電流檢測(cè)算法,提高動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷的檢測(cè)精度、響應(yīng)速度以及避免鎖相環(huán)誤差對(duì)檢測(cè)性能的影響。本文研究了級(jí)聯(lián)型多電平變流器的電壓、電流綜合控制策略。針對(duì)直流電壓控制,推導(dǎo)出基于瞬時(shí)能量平衡的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并分析了全局直流電壓控制的參數(shù)整定方法。針對(duì)電流跟蹤控制,提出兩種綜合控制策略,即基于無(wú)差拍和準(zhǔn)諧振控制的瞬時(shí)電流控制策略和基于d而解耦的直接電流控制策略。其中,無(wú)差拍控制根據(jù)系統(tǒng)模型可推導(dǎo)出準(zhǔn)確的的數(shù)學(xué)公式,且具有參考電流信號(hào)預(yù)測(cè)功能。準(zhǔn)諧振控制能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)交流信號(hào)的無(wú)誤差跟蹤,提高基波電流控制精度,將二者結(jié)合的瞬時(shí)電流控制適合于大功率APF�；赿q解耦的直接電流控制策略將電源電流直接作為控制對(duì)象,能夠減少模擬量采集數(shù)量,省去參考電流檢測(cè)環(huán)節(jié),尤其適用于電氣化鐵路多饋線的應(yīng)用環(huán)境。針對(duì)直流電壓均衡控制,本文基于矢量重構(gòu)和脈沖交換的原則,本分析了兩類直流電壓均衡控制算法的原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。仿真結(jié)果表明上述控制算法的正確性。本文考慮牽引供電方式、機(jī)車負(fù)荷典型穩(wěn)態(tài)、暫態(tài)特性和牽引網(wǎng)電壓畸變等,建立了有源補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)的軟件仿真模型,驗(yàn)證了本文有源補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)具有很好的無(wú)功、諧波補(bǔ)償能力。在仿真驗(yàn)證基礎(chǔ)上,搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)室小功率試驗(yàn)樣機(jī),規(guī)劃控制系統(tǒng)總體功能構(gòu)架,完成集中式數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了控制系統(tǒng)的正確性,對(duì)工程實(shí)踐具有寶貴的指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。在試點(diǎn)工程中,對(duì)27.5 kV大功率APF工程機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)試,驗(yàn)證了有源補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)的主電路、控制電路、控制策略的正確性、有效性,結(jié)果表明該補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)具有良好的無(wú)功補(bǔ)償和諧波抑制效果。
[Abstract]:In the operation of electrified railway, due to the special power supply mode of the traction power supply system and the complex and changeable operating conditions of the locomotive, the locomotive load produces a lot of reactive power and harmonics, which leads to the low power factor of the traction power supply system, the serious wave distortion and the large voltage fluctuation, which not only increases the loss of electric energy and reduces energy. Using efficiency, it also threatens the safety and stability of traction power supply system and locomotive load in electrified railway, and even causes electrical equipment damage, triggering power supply and driving accidents, causing great loss of state economy. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to compensate and control the electric power quality of electrified railway, and this paper puts forward this paper. Based on the active compensation scheme of 27.5 kV straight cascaded active power filter (APF), the key problems in the implementation of the scheme are studied. This paper first analyzes the electrical characteristics of the EMU on the grid side of the typical alternating and direct AC type electric locomotives of the electrified railway, and through a large number of locomotive load measured data in detail. The reactive power and harmonic characteristics of the locomotive load are analyzed. In addition, according to the data on the field monitoring in the traction substation, the reactive power and harmonic level of the traction bus are analyzed. It shows the urgency of the power quality control of the electrified railway, and provides the basic data for the parameters design of the active compensation system. In the pilot project, this paper summarizes the existing measures for the power quality control of electrified railway, and on the basis of this, a direct hanging cascaded APF is proposed to dynamically control the reactive power and harmonic power quality of electrified railway. For typical traction power supply modes, such as the direct power supply of 27.5 kV power supply with YNd11 and single-phase Vv transformer as the main power supply. The mode, as well as the 2 x 27.5 kV and 55 kV power supply voltage autotransformer (AT) power supply mode, this paper analyzes the cascaded APF realization scheme, the working principle and the system configuration structure, and studies the fundamental active current of different active compensation schemes under different traction power supply modes, the circulation circuit of the fundamental wave reactive current and the harmonic current and so on. The cascade type APF The main circuit is complex and the system is huge, and the corresponding control system is complex and heavy. Therefore, this paper analyzes the ip-iq reference current detection algorithm, the sliding window iterative DFT detection algorithm and the adaptive cancellation detection algorithm with two weights. Based on the analysis of the above detection algorithm, this paper analyzes the space resources and the less time resource consumption. In view of the fluctuation of locomotive load, an improved ip-iq detection algorithm and a single phase harmonic current detection algorithm without phase-locked loop are proposed to improve the detection precision of dynamic load, the response speed and the avoidance of the influence of phase locked loop error on the detection performance. This paper studies the voltage and current integrated control strategy of cascade multilevel converters. In DC voltage control, a mathematical model based on instantaneous energy balance is derived and the parameter tuning method of the global DC voltage control is analyzed. Two comprehensive control strategies are proposed for current tracking control, namely the instantaneous current control strategy based on the deadbeat and quasi resonant control and the direct current control strategy based on D and decoupling. The error free control can deduce accurate mathematical formula based on the system model and have the function of predicting the reference current signal. The quasi resonant control can realize the non error tracking of the AC signal, improve the control precision of the basic wave current, and apply the instantaneous current control combined by the two parties to the direct current control strategy based on the DQ decoupling based on the high power APF. The power supply current is directly used as the control object, which can reduce the number of analog acquisition and save the reference current detection link. It is especially suitable for the application environment of multi feeder line in electrified railway. Based on the principle of vector reconfiguration and pulse exchange, this paper analyzes the principle of two kinds of DC voltage equilibrium control algorithms. The simulation results show the correctness of the above control algorithm. In this paper, the traction power supply mode, the typical steady state of the locomotive load, the transient characteristics and the traction network voltage distortion are considered, and the software simulation model of the active compensation system is established. It is verified that the active compensation system has good reactive power and harmonic compensation ability. On the basis, we build a laboratory small power test prototype, plan the overall function frame of the control system, complete the design of the centralized digital control system, and verify the correctness of the control system through the experiment. It has valuable guidance value for the engineering practice. In the pilot project, the 27.5 kV high power APF engineering machine is debugged and the active complement is verified. The correctness and effectiveness of the main circuit, control circuit and control strategy of the compensation system show that the compensation system has good reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U223.52

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