本文選題：再生水 + 硝態(tài)氮�。� 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：再生水已成為北京市河湖生態(tài)用水的重要水源,但再生水污染物滲漏可能對(duì)地下水環(huán)境造成潛在污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因此探討再生水回補(bǔ)河湖后對(duì)地表水和地下水環(huán)境影響的研究十分重要。本文通過室內(nèi)土柱模擬滲濾系統(tǒng),研究了4種不同水力條件下(定水頭淹水、交替淹水落干、定流速和側(cè)向補(bǔ)水)滲濾系統(tǒng)對(duì)再生水中硝態(tài)氮(NO_3-N)、氨態(tài)氮(NH4-N)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)和總氮(TN)的去除效果及其影響因素;同時(shí)以北京市清洋河為研究對(duì)象開展野外觀測(cè)試驗(yàn),探討再生水補(bǔ)給后,地表水和地下水水質(zhì)的時(shí)空變化特征;并構(gòu)建了一維和二維水氮遷移模型,分別對(duì)室內(nèi)土柱一維水氮遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程和野外河道再生水補(bǔ)給滲濾系統(tǒng)的二維水氮遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程進(jìn)行了模擬研究。主要研究和結(jié)果如下:(1)當(dāng)水力負(fù)荷在0.25-2.65 cm d-1范圍內(nèi)時(shí),系統(tǒng)對(duì)N03-N的去除率隨著水力負(fù)荷的增大而減小,側(cè)向補(bǔ)水系統(tǒng)對(duì)N03-N的去除效果最佳,去除率高達(dá)96%。N03-N的去除主要取決于系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部微生物的分布情況,土層中反硝化細(xì)菌數(shù)量越大,相應(yīng)土層對(duì)NO_3-N的去除率越高。水溫在15～32 ℃范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí),定水頭淹水和交替淹水落干系統(tǒng)對(duì)N03-N的去除率與溫度分別呈指數(shù)和冪函數(shù)關(guān)系。當(dāng)再生水中NH4-N濃度較低時(shí),較長(zhǎng)的水力停留時(shí)間和充分的有氧環(huán)境可促進(jìn)NH4-N的去除。(2)交替淹水落干滲濾系統(tǒng)對(duì)再生水中COD的去除率(51%)略高于定水頭淹水系統(tǒng)對(duì)COD的去除率(41%)。COD的去除主要發(fā)生在滲濾系統(tǒng)上部0～40 cm 土層范圍內(nèi)。交替淹水落干系統(tǒng)對(duì)TN的去除率(84%)明顯高于定水頭淹水系統(tǒng)(51%),兩滲濾系統(tǒng)對(duì)TN的去除效率與溫度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,溫度高于30℃時(shí),交替淹水落干系統(tǒng)對(duì)TN去除率高達(dá)90%以上。(3)NO_3-N和TN是清洋河的主要污染因子,N03-N和TN濃度沿河道水流方向逐漸下降,而COD和BOD5濃度沿河道水流方向逐漸增大。底泥部位對(duì)NO_3-N的去除率為85%,是NO_3-N去除的主要部位,N03-N的變化受滲流區(qū)水溫的影響明顯。滲流帶的吸附和硝化作用是NH4-N去除的主要作用機(jī)制,可去除92%的NH4-N,NH4-N的變化主要受飽和帶溫度和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的影響。距河岸距離越大,遷移時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),河岸滲濾過程對(duì)COD的去除率越高,河岸滲濾系統(tǒng)對(duì)COD的去除率達(dá)54%。(4)利用是室內(nèi)和野外試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)構(gòu)建的一維和二維水氮運(yùn)移模型進(jìn)行率定驗(yàn)證,表明率定驗(yàn)證后的模型能夠較好地模擬不同水力條件下的水氮遷移過程。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),溫度與反硝化速率常數(shù)之間呈指數(shù)相關(guān),可通過該相關(guān)關(guān)系對(duì)不同溫度下反硝化速率常數(shù)進(jìn)行修正。模型模擬了不同溫度和不同河水NO_3-N濃度情景下淺層地下水中N03-N的遷移過程,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)溫度在5-25℃范圍內(nèi)時(shí),每提高10℃時(shí),河岸滲濾系統(tǒng)對(duì)N03-N的去除率可提高0.5-1.6倍。建議再生水補(bǔ)給期內(nèi)(每年的3～11月),控制補(bǔ)給再生水中NO_3-N濃度不高于30mgL-1;為降低對(duì)地下水污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),適宜的補(bǔ)水時(shí)段為溫度較高的夏季(高于20 ℃)。
[Abstract]:Reclaimed water has become an important source of water for ecological water in Beijing River and lake, but the leakage of reclaimed water may cause potential pollution risk to the groundwater environment. Therefore, it is very important to study the influence of reclaimed water on the surface water and groundwater environment after reclaiming the river lake. In this paper, 4 different kinds of water power are studied through the indoor soil column simulated percolation system. The effect of the removal of nitrate nitrogen (NO_3-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) in reclaimed water and its influence factors under the conditions of water head flooding, alternate flooding and drying, constant flow rate and lateral water supplement. The field observation test was carried out in the Yanghe River, Beijing city as the research object, and the surface of the reclaimed water was discussed. The spatial and temporal characteristics of water and groundwater quality are characterized, and one and two dimensional water and nitrogen migration models are constructed. The one-dimensional water and nitrogen migration and transformation process of the indoor soil column and the two-dimensional water and nitrogen transfer process of the recharge filter system in the field are simulated respectively. The main research and results are as follows: (1) when the hydraulic load is in 0.25-2.65 cm In the range of D-1, the removal rate of N03-N decreases with the increase of hydraulic load, and the removal efficiency of N03-N is the best. The removal rate up to 96%.N03-N depends mainly on the distribution of microbes in the system. The greater the number of denitrifying bacteria in the soil layer, the higher the removal rate of the corresponding soil layer to NO_3-N. The water temperature is 1. When the range of 5~32 C is changed, the removal rate of N03-N and the temperature are exponential and power function respectively. When the NH4-N concentration in the regenerated water is low, the longer hydraulic retention time and the sufficient aerobic environment can promote the removal of NH4-N. (2) the alternately flooded and dry infiltration system for the regenerated water COD The removal rate (51%) is slightly higher than that of the fixed water head submergence system (41%). The removal of.COD is mainly in the upper 0~40 cm layer of the percolation system. The removal rate of TN in the alternate flooding system (84%) is obviously higher than that of the fixed water head (51%). The removal efficiency of TN is positively correlated with the temperature of TN, and the temperature is higher than that of the system. At 30, the removal rate of TN is more than 90%. (3) NO_3-N and TN are the main pollution factors of the Qing the Yanghe River. The concentration of N03-N and TN gradually decreases along the river flow direction, while the COD and BOD5 concentration increases along the river flow direction. The removal rate of NO_3-N in the sediment is 85%, the main part of NO_3-N removal, the change of N03-N The influence of water temperature in the percolation zone is obvious. The adsorption and nitrification of the percolation zone are the main mechanism of NH4-N removal, which can remove 92% NH4-N. The change of NH4-N is mainly influenced by the temperature of the saturated zone and the content of organic matter. The greater the distance from the riverbank, the longer the migration time is, the higher the removal rate of the riparian filtration process to the COD, and the river bank filtration system to COD The removal rate of 54%. (4) is used to verify the rate of one and two two-dimensional water and nitrogen migration models constructed by indoor and field test data. The results show that the model can well simulate the process of water and nitrogen migration under different hydraulic conditions. The results show that the correlation between temperature and denitrification rate constants is exponential, and the correlation can be obtained through the correlation. The denitrification rate constant under different temperatures was corrected. The model simulated the migration process of N03-N in shallow groundwater under different temperatures and different water NO_3-N concentrations. The results showed that when the temperature was in the range of 5-25 degrees C, the removal rate of the riparian percolation system to the N03-N could be increased by 0.5-1.6 times per increase of 10 degrees C. The reclaimed water was recommended. During the period of the period (3~11 months per year), the concentration of NO_3-N in recharge recharge water is not higher than 30mgL-1. In order to reduce the risk of groundwater pollution, the appropriate time for water replenishment is a higher temperature in summer (higher than 20).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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