本文選題：高海拔環(huán)境 + 著火特性�。� 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：燃燒是受流動(dòng)、傳熱傳質(zhì)和化學(xué)反應(yīng)控制的極其復(fù)雜的物理化學(xué)過(guò)程。燃燒過(guò)程會(huì)不同程度地受到外部環(huán)境條件的影響,尤其是外部環(huán)境壓力和氧氣濃度,對(duì)燃燒的影響極大。而在我國(guó)廣闊的高原地區(qū),特別是中印邊界,其較高的海拔高度造成了低壓、低氧(主要指氧氣密度)、低溫的獨(dú)特環(huán)境條件。這種環(huán)境條件的差異將會(huì)導(dǎo)致燃料在這些地區(qū)獨(dú)特的著火和燃燒特性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著海拔高度的增加,不斷降低的環(huán)境壓力會(huì)使燃料的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性顯著提高,同時(shí)在燃燒時(shí)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的燃燒衰減現(xiàn)象。一個(gè)典型實(shí)例是高原燃燒爐在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中會(huì)出現(xiàn)諸如點(diǎn)火難、燃燒效率低、燃燒不充分、炭煙生成量高、燃燒不穩(wěn)定等諸多問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重制約著高原能源利用效率,在軍事和民用的眾多方面造成了嚴(yán)重的資源浪費(fèi)和技術(shù)難題。因此,研究高海拔低壓低氧環(huán)境條件下燃料的著火和燃燒特性,不僅事關(guān)高原地區(qū)的火災(zāi)安全防控,而且對(duì)提高高原地區(qū)的能源利用效率具有重要意義。本文以高原常用的-35#柴油(多組分復(fù)雜燃料的代表)為研究對(duì)象,依托青藏高原天然的海拔高度差,優(yōu)選包括合肥在內(nèi)的6個(gè)不同海拔高度的地區(qū)(合肥(50m)、西寧(2270m)、格爾木(2830m)、拉薩(3650m)、羊八井(4300m)、沱沱河(4780 m))開(kāi)展實(shí)地的著火和燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn),采用實(shí)地實(shí)驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬及理論分析等研究手段,將燃料基礎(chǔ)著火及燃燒特性研究,燃料的高原燃燒強(qiáng)化研究與燃燒器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)有機(jī)結(jié)合。具體內(nèi)容概括如下:研究主要分別兩部分:第一部分為燃料高原著火特性研究;第二部分是燃料的高原燃燒特性及燃燒強(qiáng)化研究。著火特性的研究方面分為兩步,首先關(guān)注液態(tài)燃料的閃點(diǎn)隨海拔高度(壓力)的變化規(guī)律及其預(yù)測(cè)模型的建立。利用全自動(dòng)閉口閃點(diǎn)測(cè)定儀,通過(guò)實(shí)地實(shí)驗(yàn),揭示了液體燃料的閃點(diǎn)隨海拔高度升高而呈現(xiàn)非線性降低的變化規(guī)律。進(jìn)而以 Clausius-Clapeyron 方程和 Le Chatelier's flammability rule 為基礎(chǔ),建立 了兩種閃點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)模型,這兩種模型能夠準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)單一組分燃料和復(fù)雜多組分燃料在不同海拔高度的閃點(diǎn)值。之后,我們利用FDS 6.0對(duì)燃料的氣相著火過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,通過(guò)對(duì)PMMA熱解著火過(guò)程中的對(duì)流熱損失、氣體擴(kuò)散系數(shù)、熱解氣層厚度以及熱解氣層濃度梯度等通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)難以測(cè)量的參數(shù)的研究,深入探究壓力對(duì)燃料著火過(guò)程的影響機(jī)制。燃燒特性及燃燒強(qiáng)化方面,主要探究高海拔低壓低氧環(huán)境對(duì)燃料燃燒的削弱作用,同時(shí)提出兩種可能的燃燒強(qiáng)化方法:一是通過(guò)火旋風(fēng)改變?nèi)紵隣t的燃燒形式的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行燃燒強(qiáng)化。通過(guò)對(duì)比火旋風(fēng)和池火的燃燒特性,如燃燒速率、熱釋放速率、燃燒效率以及火焰溫度等,對(duì)火旋風(fēng)的燃燒強(qiáng)化的效果進(jìn)行量化。二是通過(guò)使用過(guò)氧化物添加劑改變?nèi)剂咸匦缘姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行燃料的著火和燃燒強(qiáng)化。通過(guò)對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)研究添加劑含量對(duì)著火和燃燒強(qiáng)化效果的影響,并對(duì)其著火和燃燒強(qiáng)化效果進(jìn)行量化。獲得的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為新型火旋風(fēng)高原燃燒爐的設(shè)計(jì)和制造提供理論依據(jù)。最終,在燃料高原著火特性和燃燒特性的實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合高原燃燒強(qiáng)化方法的研究,設(shè)計(jì)新型火旋風(fēng)高原燃燒器,通過(guò)實(shí)地測(cè)試和改進(jìn),針對(duì)性的解決現(xiàn)有高原炊事燃燒器實(shí)際應(yīng)用中出現(xiàn)的點(diǎn)燃難、燃燒效率低、能源利用率低、炭煙生成量高、燃燒不穩(wěn)定、設(shè)備故障率高等問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The combustion is affected by flow, extremely complex physical and chemical process of heat and mass transfer and chemical reaction control. The influence of the combustion process in different degrees by the external environment, especially the external pressure and oxygen concentration, great effect on combustion. In the plateau region of our country broad, especially India, its high the altitude caused by low pressure, hypoxia (mainly oxygen density), unique environmental conditions at low temperature. This will lead to differences of environmental conditions in these areas unique fuel ignition and combustion characteristics. The study found that, along with the altitude increasing, decreasing the environmental pressure will make the fire risk of fuel increased significantly, at the same time the occurrence of serious burning in the combustion of attenuation phenomenon. A typical example is the plateau combustion furnace will appear such as ignition difficult in the actual application process, low combustion efficiency, combustion is not sufficient, carbon Smoke generation, combustion instability and other problems. These problems restrict the high energy efficiency, resulting in waste of resources and serious technical problems in many aspects of military and civilian. Therefore, the combustion and ignition characteristics of high altitude conditions under hypobarichypoxicconditions fuel, not only related to fire safety prevention and control in plateau area moreover, it has important significance to improve the efficiency of energy utilization in plateau area. The plateau used -35# (on behalf of diesel fuel complex multi-component) as the research object, based on the natural elevation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau height difference, preferably including Hefei, 6 different altitude regions (Hefei, Xining ((50m) 2270m), Golmud (2830m), Lhasa (3650m), Yangbajing (4300m), Tuotuohe (4780 m)) to carry out field ignition and combustion experiments, using the field experiment, the research means of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the Study on ignition characteristics and combustion of fuel, fuel combustion burner plateau to strengthen research and optimization design of organic combination. The specific contents are summarized as follows: To study the main two parts: the first part is the fuel ignition characteristics of the plateau; the second part is the study of combustion characteristics of fuel and combustion enhancement. On the plateau combustion characteristics is divided into two steps. Focus first on liquid fuel flash point with altitude (pressure) to establish the rules and prediction model. By using automatic closed flash point tester, through field experiments, reveals the liquid fuel flash point with the increase of altitude variation and nonlinear decreases. Then the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Le Chatelier's flammability rule as the foundation, set up the two flash point prediction model, the two model can accurately predict the single component and multicomponent gas fuel The material in different altitude flash point value. After that, we use FDS 6 for fuel gas ignition process is simulated, by burning the convective heat loss in the process of PMMA pyrolysis, gas diffusion coefficient, the thickness of gas reservoir and Study on pyrolysis pyrolysis parameters by concentration gradient experiments is difficult to measure, in-depth exploration of the the mechanism of ignition process pressure on fuel. Combustion characteristics and combustion enhancement, mainly to explore the high altitude hypobaric hypoxia on the weakening effect of fuel combustion, and proposes two kinds of possible combustion enhancement methods: one is through the fire whirlwind combustion furnace combustion method change form to combustion enhancement. Through the contrast and combustion characteristics of fire whirl pool fire, such as burning rate, heat release rate, combustion efficiency, flame temperature, to quantify the fire whirl combustion enhancement effect. The two is the Method of changing fuel properties with peroxide additives for ignition and combustion enhancement of fuel. By comparing the experimental study of additive content on ignition and combustion enhancement effect, and the ignition and combustion enhancement effect was quantified. The experimental data provide a theoretical basis for the new type of cyclone combustion fire plateau design and manufacture of furnace. In the end, the fuel ignition characteristics and combustion characteristics of the plateau based on the experiments and theoretical studies, combined with the research methods of combustion enhancement plateau, design of a new type of fire whirlwind plateau burner, through field test and improvement, solve the existing plateau cooking burner used in the ignition difficult, low combustion efficiency, low energy utilization, carbon smoke generation of high combustion instability, high rate of equipment failure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ038.1

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