本文選題：可達(dá)性　切入點(diǎn)：時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：時(shí)空可達(dá)性是衡量交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)服務(wù)水平的一個(gè)綜合性指標(biāo),它是在分析個(gè)體時(shí)空行為的基礎(chǔ)上,將滿足出行者到達(dá)活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)的需求放在首位。可達(dá)性的增強(qiáng)有助于提高出行者到達(dá)特定活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)的便利程度,交通設(shè)施的改進(jìn)和交通服務(wù)的改善均可帶來可達(dá)性的顯著提升。因此,以時(shí)空可達(dá)性為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)和交通服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)研究具有重要的理論意義和工程實(shí)踐價(jià)值。本文將時(shí)間地理學(xué)中描述可達(dá)性的時(shí)空路徑、時(shí)空棱鏡、時(shí)空錐等分析工具與交通領(lǐng)域中的時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架進(jìn)行了融合,提出了個(gè)體可達(dá)性在時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的描述方法。本文以交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)為應(yīng)用背景,研究了基于時(shí)空可達(dá)性的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題;以交通服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)為應(yīng)用背景、以定制公交服務(wù)為具體案例,研究了基于時(shí)空可達(dá)的定制公交服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)問題。形成了具有通用性的、考慮個(gè)體時(shí)空可達(dá)性的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)問題的建模和求解理論框架,為以可達(dá)性為導(dǎo)向的交通規(guī)劃與管理工作提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下。(1)系統(tǒng)論述了時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架的基本思想和構(gòu)建方法,梳理了從物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)到時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)再到時(shí)空狀態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演化過程。為了說明上述各類網(wǎng)絡(luò)與數(shù)學(xué)模型的聯(lián)系,分別針對(duì)三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型建立了對(duì)應(yīng)的最小費(fèi)用路徑線性規(guī)劃模型。(2)將時(shí)間地理學(xué)中描述可達(dá)性的時(shí)空路徑、時(shí)空棱鏡等分析工具與交通領(lǐng)域中的時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架進(jìn)行了融合。將時(shí)空棱鏡進(jìn)行了離散化表示,使其可以在時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)中進(jìn)行表示;將時(shí)空路徑轉(zhuǎn)化為時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的時(shí)空軌跡,提出了在交通時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)中判斷活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)是否可達(dá)的方法,并借助動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)間網(wǎng)絡(luò)棱鏡給出了適用于時(shí)間依賴交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可達(dá)性計(jì)算公式。(3)在時(shí)間地理學(xué)時(shí)空棱鏡的理論框架下研究了基于時(shí)空可達(dá)性的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)問題。以時(shí)空棱鏡理論框架的角度構(gòu)建了時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò),以最小化不可達(dá)活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)建立了基于時(shí)空可達(dá)性的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)的線性規(guī)劃模型,并分析了理論模型與工程實(shí)踐之間的聯(lián)系,利用拉格朗日分解技術(shù)將原問題分解為最小費(fèi)用路徑子問題和背包子問題分別求解,并在芝加哥交通網(wǎng)中進(jìn)行算例驗(yàn)證,為以優(yōu)化出行者時(shí)空可達(dá)性為目標(biāo)的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)施建設(shè)或改善工作提供了理論依據(jù)。(4)從時(shí)間地理學(xué)角度分析了在定制公交服務(wù)中乘客的出行過程,提出了時(shí)空窗的概念來描述乘客受時(shí)空約束的出行行為。通過識(shí)別時(shí)空錐中離散的時(shí)空點(diǎn)集合,得到可適用于時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)空窗。時(shí)空窗概念的引入有助于描述出行者靈活的、差異化的時(shí)空行為,如乘客可選擇多個(gè)上車或下車地點(diǎn)、可以判斷不同乘客的潛在匯合地點(diǎn)等。(5)利用所提出的時(shí)空窗概念,研究了基于時(shí)空可達(dá)的定制公交服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)問題。在考慮車輛能力和運(yùn)營商盈利等約束條件的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了以最小化不可達(dá)乘客數(shù)量為主要優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的線性規(guī)劃模型。設(shè)計(jì)了求解基于時(shí)空可達(dá)的定制公交服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)模型的算法,該算法共包括乘客分組、運(yùn)用拉格朗日分解技術(shù)將原問題分解為帶約束的廣義分配問題和最小費(fèi)用路徑問題和利用次梯度方法對(duì)拉格朗日乘子進(jìn)行迭代等步驟。利用小規(guī)模算例和基于北京交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的大規(guī)模算例,驗(yàn)證了所提出模型和算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Spatial accessibility is a comprehensive index to measure the service level of transportation system, which is based on the analysis of individual spatial behavior, will satisfy the travelers to reach the venue needs in the first place. Enhanced convenience helps to improve the traveler to a particular venue accessibility, traffic facilities improvement and transport service improvement can bring significantly improved accessibility. Therefore, it has important theoretical significance and engineering practical value of traffic network design and transportation service network design optimization based on space-time accessibility. This paper will describe the space-time path, the accessibility of time geography space-time prism, the space-time network framework of spatio-temporal analysis tools such as cone and in the field of traffic of integration, put forward the individual accessibility description method in the time-space network. In this paper, the application background of transportation infrastructure network, Study on the problem of traffic network based on space-time accessibility; with the transportation service network as the application background, the customized bus service as an example, on a customized bus service network design problem based on spatial temporal accessibility. The formation of a universal theoretical framework, considering the modeling and solving traffic network design problem of individual space accessibility. To provide a theoretical basis for traffic planning and management work to accessibility oriented. The main contents of this paper are as follows. (1) discusses the basic idea and the method of constructing space-time network framework, combed from the physical network to the space-time network to the spatiotemporal evolution of state network. In order to illustrate the various types of network and mathematics the model links were established for minimum cost path corresponding to the linear programming model for the three types of network. (2) the time when describe accessibility in geography The empty path, the space-time network framework of space-time prism analysis tools in the field of traffic and the fusion. The discrete space-time prism, which can be expressed in the time-space network; the space-time path into space-time trajectories of the time-space network, and puts forward the method of location is reachable judgment in the traffic space in the network, and using dynamic time network reachability formula prism for time dependent network traffic is given. (3) in the framework of the theory of time geography space-time prism were studied under the traffic network design problem based on space-time accessibility. The theoretical framework in the space-time prism angle constructs the space network, to minimize the unreachable activities where is the optimization goal linear programming model was established to design traffic network based on space-time accessibility, and analysis between theoretical model and engineering practice link, and Using the Lagrange decomposition technique to decompose the original problem into the minimum cost path problem and back bun problems were solved and verified in Chicago traffic network, which provide the theory basis to optimize the traveler space-time accessibility as the goal of the traffic network infrastructure construction or improvement work. (4) from the perspective of time geography the passengers in the travel process customized bus service, put forward the concept of time window to describe the behavior of the passengers travel by time and space constraints. By discrete time space recognition cone set, get the spatio-temporal window can be applied to the space network. The introduction of the concept of time window helps to describe travelers flexible, spatiotemporal behavior the difference, such as passengers can choose multiple boarding or alighting locations, passengers can determine the different potential place of rendezvous. (5) using the spatio-temporal window of the proposed concept, based on time and space can be The problem of customized bus services. Based on Design of network operators consider the vehicle capacity and profitability constraints, establish the linear programming model to minimize the number of passengers is not the main target of optimization is designed to solve the time. Up to a custom bus service network design model and algorithm based on the algorithm, including passenger packet by using the Lagrange decomposition technique, the problem is decomposed into the generalized assignment problem with constraints and minimum cost path problem and the subgradient method of Lagrange multipliers iteration steps. Using a small scale example and based on the traffic network of Beijing's massive examples, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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