【摘要】：第四紀(jì)冰期對(duì)全球氣候造成了巨大的改變,影響了物種的繁殖演化、地理分布格局以及種群間的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。近年來(lái),親緣地理學(xué)(Phylogeography)在推測(cè)物種的冰期避難所位置方面被廣泛應(yīng)用。本研究以社鼠為研究對(duì)象,探究其在冰期時(shí)的避難所及其間冰期的擴(kuò)散路線從而為研究該物種種群間的演化過(guò)程提供理論基礎(chǔ),能夠?yàn)樯锒鄻有缘谋Ｗo(hù)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)也探討了溫度以及相關(guān)指標(biāo)緯度和海拔是否對(duì)社鼠線粒體基因在選擇壓力作用的作用下產(chǎn)生了適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化。本研究首先通過(guò)線粒體Cyt b基因?qū)?lái)自中國(guó)17省243只社鼠復(fù)合體體進(jìn)行分子界定,分析分子鑒定為社鼠的地理種群間的親緣關(guān)系、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和歷史演化動(dòng)態(tài),最后選取線粒體Cytb、ATP6和ATP8基因分析其在環(huán)境中的選擇壓力,進(jìn)而探究社鼠的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化。本文主要得到以下幾個(gè)結(jié)論:(1)社鼠的種群分布范圍明顯地比傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí)的要小,在中國(guó)主要分布區(qū)應(yīng)為云南、四川和長(zhǎng)江以北地區(qū)。社鼠復(fù)合體種群在廣西、山東、西藏和云南等地存在著隱存種。(2)社鼠的分化主要是由于青藏高原的隆起引起氣候變化導(dǎo)致的,特別是昆黃運(yùn)動(dòng)后和冰期間冰期的多次回旋導(dǎo)致廣泛分布的社鼠種群多次退縮和擴(kuò)張,由地理隔離產(chǎn)生多個(gè)地理譜系結(jié)構(gòu),但在各譜系的分布區(qū)地理關(guān)系上仍有重疊。(3)在冰期時(shí),社鼠在南北方存在著多個(gè)避難所,但避難所之間依然存在著少數(shù)通道,能夠進(jìn)行基因交流。末次冰期后,隨著氣候的回暖北方氣候的干燥,分布在華北地區(qū)的社鼠向東北和南擴(kuò)張至長(zhǎng)江一線。而存在于四川中部的群體則向東擴(kuò)散。(4)選擇壓力分析,社鼠在選擇上主要受純化選擇的作用。線粒體Cytb和ATPase在溫度、緯度和海拔上并沒有表現(xiàn)出相應(yīng)的變化趨勢(shì)。通過(guò)本研究證實(shí)以傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定為社鼠的群體實(shí)則為社鼠復(fù)合體,而分布在長(zhǎng)江以南地區(qū)的社鼠與海南白腹鼠N.lotipes構(gòu)成單系群。社鼠的演化是由于青藏高原隆起,冰期間冰期的多次回旋事件導(dǎo)致中國(guó)大陸氣候發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈地變化而在各自分布區(qū)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生譜系分化。廣泛分布的社鼠在適應(yīng)環(huán)境各自分布區(qū)的環(huán)境形成其特有分布區(qū)的適應(yīng)機(jī)制,與高原土著動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化有著不同的分子適應(yīng)機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The Quaternary glacial period caused great changes to the global climate, which affected the reproduction and evolution of species, geographical distribution pattern and genetic structure among populations. In recent years, phylogenetic (Phylogeography) has been widely used to speculate on the location of glacial havens of species. In order to provide theoretical basis for the study of the evolution process of the species during the interglacial period and to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of biodiversity, this study takes the rodent as the research object, and explores its refuge during the glacial period and its diffusion route during the interglacial period. At the same time, it was also discussed whether temperature, latitude and altitude could produce adaptive evolution of mitochondrial gene under selective pressure. In this study, the mitochondrial Cyt b gene was used to define the complex of 243 mice from 17 provinces in China, and the phylogenetic relationship, phylogeny and historical evolution of the population were analyzed. Finally, the selection pressure of mitochondrial Cytbtbtaphane ATPase 6 and ATP8 gene in the environment was analyzed, and the adaptive evolution of the mice was explored. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the population distribution range of rodents is obviously smaller than that of traditional knowledge, and the main distribution areas in China should be Yunnan, Sichuan and the north of the Yangtze River. In Guangxi, Shandong, Tibet, Yunnan and other places, there are hidden species of rodent complex. (2) the differentiation of rodent is mainly caused by climate change caused by the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Especially after the Kun Huang Movement and the interglacial period, the widely distributed rodent population retreated and expanded many times, resulting in multiple geographical lineages from geographical isolation. But there is still overlap in the geographical relationship between the distribution regions of each pedigree. (3) during the glacial period, there were many shelters in the south and north, but there were still a few channels between the shelters, which were able to communicate with each other. After the last glacial period, with the warming of the northern climate, the rodents distributed in North China spread to the northeast and south to the Yangtze River. The population in the middle of Sichuan spread eastward. (4) selection pressure analysis showed that the selection of rodents was mainly affected by purification selection. Mitochondrial Cytb and ATPase did not show a corresponding trend in temperature, latitude and altitude. In this study, it was proved that the group identified by the traditional morphology as the rodent complex was actually a rodent complex, while the N.lotipes from the south of the Yangtze River constituted a monophyletic group. The evolution of the rodent is due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the repeated interglacial events in the interglacial period, which led to the strong changes in the climate of the Chinese continent and the lineage differentiation in their respective distribution areas. The widely distributed rodents formed their own adaptive mechanisms in their respective distribution areas, which were different from the adaptive evolution of plateau native animals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q958

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鮑毅新;;社鼠的研究概要[J];浙江師大學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);1993年02期

2 杜衛(wèi)國(guó)，鮑毅新，金曉玲，周洪輝，胡宏亮，葉華;社鼠能量與營(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝的初步研究[J];中國(guó)媒介生物學(xué)及控制雜志;1996年03期

3 鮑毅新,杜衛(wèi)國(guó),林治,胡柏驛,池幫榮,陳孝端;環(huán)境溫度對(duì)社鼠能量需求和食物同化的影響[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)報(bào);2001年05期

4 路紀(jì)琪,張知彬;圍欄條件下社鼠的食物貯藏行為[J];獸類學(xué)報(bào);2005年03期

5 姜仕仁;丁平;;實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下社鼠個(gè)體相遇時(shí)的叫聲特征[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)研究;2006年01期

6 孫波;鮑毅新;張龍龍;趙慶洋;;千島湖秋季社鼠種群年齡結(jié)構(gòu)及繁殖狀況初探[J];獸類學(xué)報(bào);2009年03期

7 葉彬;沈良良;鮑毅新;張旭;;年齡、性別及季節(jié)因素對(duì)千島湖島嶼社鼠最大活動(dòng)距離的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2013年11期

8 李洪成,吳毅;社鼠繁殖情況調(diào)查初報(bào)[J];四川動(dòng)物;1989年04期

9 李艷紅,王駿,張劍鋒;海南南灣保護(hù)區(qū)社鼠種群生態(tài)[J];中山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)論叢;1997年01期

10 ;社鼠消化道長(zhǎng)度和重量的季節(jié)變化[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)報(bào);1998年01期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前7條

1 鄭榮泉;宋蓉蓉;鮑毅新;;社鼠雄性的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位[A];浙江省第三屆生物多樣性保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研討會(huì)會(huì)議論文摘要集[C];2006年

2 張美文;黃璜;王勇;李波;;洞庭湖區(qū)社鼠的一些生物學(xué)特征[A];中國(guó)動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)獸類學(xué)分會(huì)第六屆會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2004年

3 路紀(jì)琪;張知彬;;社鼠(Niviventor confucianus)的食物貯藏行為研究[A];中國(guó)動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)獸類學(xué)分會(huì)第六屆會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2004年

4 張旭;鮑毅新;劉軍;林杰君;沈良良;王艷妮;;陸橋島嶼環(huán)境下社鼠種群數(shù)量估算方法的探討[A];第七屆全國(guó)野生動(dòng)物生態(tài)與資源保護(hù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2011年

5 劉軍;鮑毅新;張旭;林杰君;葉彬;王艷妮;;千島湖社鼠種群遺傳現(xiàn)狀及與生境面積的關(guān)系[A];第七屆全國(guó)野生動(dòng)物生態(tài)與資源保護(hù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2011年

6 鮑毅新;杜衛(wèi)國(guó);黃東芳;余雄飛;;社鼠肥滿度與氣候環(huán)境的關(guān)系[A];面向21世紀(jì)的科技進(jìn)步與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展（上冊(cè)）[C];1999年

7 寧振東;鄒波;張慧娣;王庭林;常文英;楊新根;;晉西南農(nóng)林生態(tài)區(qū)社鼠種群年齡結(jié)構(gòu)及數(shù)量的季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)規(guī)律研究[A];野生動(dòng)物生態(tài)與資源保護(hù)第四屆全國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 王寧;社鼠（Niviventer confucianus）視器結(jié)構(gòu)及辨色能力研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2015年

2 張新玉;千島湖島嶼社鼠種群擴(kuò)散的研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2015年

3 王思虎;社鼠親緣地理關(guān)系與適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化[D];山東大學(xué);2017年

4 孫波;千島湖陸橋島嶼社鼠種群遺傳多樣性和遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2009年

5 葉彬;千島湖島嶼社鼠的親權(quán)鑒定和家群分析[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2013年

6 張旭;陸橋島嶼環(huán)境下社鼠的種群數(shù)量動(dòng)態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2012年

7 沈良良;千島湖島嶼社鼠的巢區(qū)和領(lǐng)域研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2011年

8 吳瑾;大倉(cāng)鼠，，黑線倉(cāng)鼠，黑線姬鼠及社鼠線粒體DNA控制區(qū)全序列SNP分析[D];曲阜師范大學(xué);2006年

本文編號(hào)：2172185