發(fā)布時間：2018-05-28 17:22

  本文選題：植被指數 + 濕度指數�。� 參考：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：受人類活動和氣候變化影響,我國海岸帶鹽沼植被面臨著嚴重威脅,其面積、分布以及相應的生態(tài)服務功能處于快速變化中。如何快速準確地對海岸帶鹽沼植被進行精準遙感監(jiān)測,對維護海岸帶鹽沼植被資源總量、鹽沼生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結構與功能,保持海岸帶鹽沼濕地資源可持續(xù)利用、促進區(qū)域社會經濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重要理論意義與實踐指導價值。利用植被指數進行植被遙感提取是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)常用的方法。在海岸帶特別是潮間帶區(qū)域,鹽沼植被受潮水周期性淹沒影響,其下墊面復雜變化�，F有常規(guī)的多種植被指數不能很好提取潮灘鹽沼植被信息,特別是不能有效識別提取潮間帶低蓋度(30%)的鹽沼植被。本項研究以崇明東灘鳥類國家級自然保護區(qū)為主要研究區(qū)域,考慮潮汐作用對海岸帶鹽沼植被下墊面的影響,通過野外光譜測量,對研究區(qū)典型鹽沼植被蘆葦(Phragmites australis)、海三棱叇草(Scirpus mariqueter)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在不同蓋度以及不同土壤下墊面條件下的鹽沼植被反射光譜進行分析,結合植被指數原理,提出一種基于下墊面濕度調節(jié)的海岸帶鹽沼植被指數(Coastal Salt Mashes Vegetation Index,CSMVI)。通過修正濕度和水體影響,有效消除因潮汐過程導致下墊面濕度和水位變化的鹽沼植被遙感提取低估的問題。對該指數提取鹽沼植被的精度進行了驗證,評價了該指數在美國Landsat-8 OLI影像,中國高分一號WFV影像以及法國SPOT-7 NAOMI影像上的適用性。研究結果表明:(1)海岸帶鹽沼植被的光譜差異主要是植被類型、植被蓋度和下墊面共同影響的。典型鹽沼植被海三棱叇草、蘆葦和互花米草在533～560nm、683～751 nm波長范圍內光譜差異顯著。在波長350～730nm范圍內,海三棱叇草、蘆葦、互花米草光譜反射率隨蓋度增大而減小。到730 nm后的近紅外波段,三種植被反射率隨蓋度增大而增大。在波長350～950nm范圍內,植被光譜反射率隨潮位升高而增大;在潮位繼續(xù)升高將植株逐漸淹沒后,光譜反射率急劇下降。(2)根據遙感影像光譜和實測野外光譜數據分析表明,濕度及水體對鹽沼植被光譜響應差異主要表現在可見光藍波段、綠波段、紅波段和近紅外波段。根據該特點,本文提出一種新的植被指數CSMVI,該指數主要是對常規(guī)植被指數和濕度指數分析,將抗大氣植被指數(ARVI)與歸一化水體指數(NDWI)做乘法運算,削弱下墊面濕度及水體帶來的影響。通過實地驗證得到CSMVI的精度為84.44%,高于歸一化植被指數(NDVI)、ARVI和轉換型植被指數(TVI)的精度。(3)CSMVI在高分一號WFV(空間分辨率16m)和SPOT-7NAOMI(空間分辨率6m)遙感影像應用結果表明,在長江口和杭州灣區(qū)域,CSMVI可適用于不同空間分辨率的遙感影像和不同海岸帶區(qū)域的鹽沼植被提取,采用空間分辨率高的影像所提取的鹽沼植被精度更高。(4)本研究僅對下墊面濕度及水體影響進行了調節(jié),對于土壤粒徑、土壤鹽度、鹽沼植被類型等因素并沒有考慮在內,在今后的研究中將對下墊面影響因子及鹽沼植被分類做進一步研究。另外,對于混合像元問題,將對更高空間分辨率的遙感影像進行應用研究。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of human activities and climate change, the coastal salt marsh vegetation in China is facing a serious threat. Its area, distribution and corresponding ecological service function are in rapid change. How to quickly and accurately monitor the vegetation of coastal salt marsh, to maintain the total amount of vegetation resources in coastal salt marsh and the structure of salt marsh ecosystem It is of great theoretical and practical significance to maintain the sustainable utilization of wetland resources in coastal salt marshes and promote the sustainable and healthy development of regional social and economic development. The use of vegetation index for Remote Sensing Extraction of vegetation is a common method for land ecosystem. In coastal zone, especially in intertidal zone, the vegetation of salt marsh is flooded by tidal water periodicity. The existing conventional multi planting index can not extract the information of the tidal flat salt marsh vegetation, especially the salt marsh vegetation which can not identify the low coverage of the intertidal zone (30%). This study takes the National Nature Reserve of Chongming Dongtan bird as the main research area, considering the tidal effect on the coastal salt marshes. The reflectance spectra of salt marsh vegetation in the typical salt marsh vegetation (Phragmites australis), Scirpus mariqueter, Spartina alterniflora under the conditions of different coverage and soil underlying surface were analyzed by field spectral measurement, and the vegetation index principle was proposed. A coastal zone salt marsh vegetation index (Coastal Salt Mashes Vegetation Index, CSMVI) based on the humidity regulation of the underlying surface. By revising the influence of humidity and water, the problem of Remote Sensing Extraction of salt marsh vegetation caused by the change of the humidity and water level of the underlying surface was effectively eliminated. The accuracy of the extraction of salt marsh vegetation was tested by the index. The applicability of the index to the Landsat-8 OLI image in the United States, the number one WFV image of China and the SPOT-7 NAOMI image in France was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) the spectral differences of the coastal salt marsh vegetation were mainly vegetation types, the vegetation coverage and the underlying surface were influenced by the vegetation cover, the typical salt marsh vegetation, the sea trisex, reed and the rice grass The spectral reflectance in the wavelength range of 533 ~ 560nm and 683~751 nm was significant. In the range of 350 ~ 730nm, the spectral reflectance of the sea trisex, reed, and alterniflora decreased with the increase of coverage. The reflectance of three planting was increased with the increase of coverage in the near infrared band after 730 NM. The spectral reflectance of vegetation in the range of 350 to 950nm followed the wavelength of vegetation. When the tidal level increased, the spectral reflectance decreased sharply after the tidal level continued to inundate the plant. (2) according to the analysis of remote sensing image spectrum and field spectral data, the difference of spectral response between humidity and water body on the salt marsh vegetation was mainly in the visible light blue band, green band, red band and near infrared band. This paper presents a new vegetation index CSMVI, which is mainly the analysis of the conventional vegetation index and the humidity index, and multiplicative operation of the ARVI and the normalized water index (NDWI) to weaken the humidity of the underlying surface and the influence of the water body. The accuracy of the CSMVI is 84.44%, which is higher than the normalized vegetation index through field evidence. The accuracy of the number (NDVI), ARVI and converted vegetation index (TVI). (3) the application of CSMVI at WFV (spatial resolution 16m) and SPOT-7NAOMI (spatial resolution 6m) shows that CSMVI can be used in the remote sensing images of different spatial resolution and the extraction of salt marshes from different coastal zones in the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay area. The precision of salt marsh vegetation extracted by high spatial resolution is higher. (4) this study only regulates the humidity and water influence of the underlying surface, and does not take into account the factors such as soil particle size, soil salinity, and salt marsh vegetation types. In the future research, we will do further research on the influence factors of the underlying surface and the classification of salt marsh vegetation. In addition, for the mixed pixel problem, the application of remote sensing images with higher spatial resolution will be studied.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

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