本文關(guān)鍵詞： 沉降量 回歸預(yù)測(cè)方程 有限元分析 沉降預(yù)測(cè)　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：據(jù)有關(guān)調(diào)查資料顯示,建于上世紀(jì)八十和九十年代的某些房屋不同程度的存在著由于建筑物的沉降引起的開裂以及傾斜,而且擅自加層、改建的房屋數(shù)量也不少,這類房屋如不進(jìn)行跟蹤測(cè)檢、及時(shí)處理,很有可能發(fā)生意外事故。同時(shí),進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展以及經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)步,現(xiàn)代化城鎮(zhèn)迅速發(fā)展,并且由于城市規(guī)劃布局和土地供應(yīng)的日益緊張,為了節(jié)約用地,建筑越建越高,高層建筑工程如雨后春筍一般得不斷的涌現(xiàn)出來。高層建筑由于作業(yè)面廣,荷載嚴(yán)重且復(fù)雜,在施工期間,由于荷載的增加有可能在局部或者全局發(fā)生過大或不合理的沉降,需要在施工期間做好相應(yīng)的監(jiān)測(cè),施工時(shí)就要做好必要的沉降預(yù)測(cè);即使在運(yùn)營使用期間也由于受多種因素的影響,比如相鄰新建建筑、地下水位變化等,也會(huì)發(fā)生過大或不均勻的沉降。做好監(jiān)測(cè)和沉降預(yù)測(cè),以備一旦出現(xiàn)問題,做好必要的預(yù)防或補(bǔ)救措施。本文以某幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目的建筑物沉降量的觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),通過理論計(jì)算和Abaqus有限元軟件分析后得出以下結(jié)論:(1)本文的理論模型計(jì)算采用了分區(qū)域考慮計(jì)算參數(shù)取值的方法,并結(jié)合考慮地方沉降計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)。案例對(duì)比分析表明,對(duì)剛性復(fù)合地基的理論計(jì)算結(jié)果和沉降預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果吻合很好,最大誤差7.7%,最小誤差0.7%,平均誤差1.44%,具有很好的工程精度,理論計(jì)算方法能夠可靠的揭示建筑物最終沉降的分布規(guī)律。因此此種方法具有普遍的一般意義;(2)基于Asaoka法的回歸預(yù)測(cè)模型對(duì)于沉降過程的預(yù)測(cè)具有非常高的精度,對(duì)項(xiàng)目各個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的沉降吻合非常好,適合于主要荷載施加完畢以后的沉降過程的模擬和長期沉降的預(yù)測(cè);(3)案例理論結(jié)果表明,對(duì)天然地基采用進(jìn)行加固,顯著減少了沉降,最小減少了 27.7%,最大減小了 41.9%,平均使沉降減少了 37.4%。因此采用對(duì)地基進(jìn)行加固對(duì)于減小地基沉降成效顯著,并且經(jīng)濟(jì)又提高了地基以及上部結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性。(4)建筑物在施工階段的沉降速率的快慢影響到其竣工使用階段的沉降速率和其最終沉降值,即建筑物施工期沉降速率快,則竣工使用階段沉降速率也快,最終沉降會(huì)更大,反之,建筑物施工期沉降速率慢,則竣工使用階段沉降速率也慢,最終沉降會(huì)比較小。(5)在施工階段采取相應(yīng)的措施能較少建筑物的后期沉降和其最終沉降量,其施工中措施主要有:施工組織與管理;合理安排施工的時(shí)間;合理安排施工順序;處理軟弱地基;保護(hù)原狀土體結(jié)構(gòu);加強(qiáng)施工監(jiān)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:According to the relevant investigation data, some houses built on 0th century, 80 and 90s have, to varying degrees, cracked and tilted due to the settlement of buildings. Moreover, they have added storeys without authorization, and many houses have been rebuilt. If such houses are not followed up and checked and handled in a timely manner, accidents are likely to occur. At the same time, since 21th century, with the development of society and the progress of the economy, modern towns and cities have developed rapidly. And because of the increasingly tight layout of urban planning and land supply, in order to save land, the higher the building, the higher the building, the high-rise building projects have been springing up. High-rise buildings because of a wide range of operations, heavy and complex loads. During the construction period, due to the increase of load may occur in the local or overall situation of excessive or unreasonable settlement, it is necessary to do a good job in the construction period of monitoring, construction should make the necessary settlement prediction; Even during operation and use, there will be excessive or uneven settlement due to various factors, such as adjacent new buildings, changes in groundwater level, etc. Monitoring and settlement prediction should be made in case of any problems. Do well the necessary preventive or remedial measures. This paper is based on the observation data of the building settlement of several projects. Through theoretical calculation and Abaqus finite element software analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the theoretical model calculation of this paper adopts the method of taking into account the calculation parameters in sub-region, and combines with the experience of calculating local settlement. The comparative analysis of cases shows that, The theoretical calculation results of rigid composite foundation are in good agreement with the settlement prediction results. The maximum error is 7.7, the minimum error is 0.7, and the average error is 1.44. It has good engineering accuracy. The theoretical calculation method can reliably reveal the distribution law of the final settlement of buildings. Therefore, this method has a general meaning. The regression prediction model based on Asaoka method has a very high precision for the prediction of settlement process. It is suitable for simulating the settlement process after the main load has been applied and predicting the long-term settlement. The theoretical results show that the settlement can be significantly reduced by strengthening the natural foundation, which is suitable for the simulation of the settlement process after the main load has been applied and the prediction of the long-term settlement. The minimum reduction is 27.7%, the maximum decrease is 41.9%, and the average settlement is 37.4%. Therefore, it is very effective to reduce the settlement by strengthening the foundation. And the economy also improves the safety of the foundation and superstructure. (4) the speed of the settlement rate of the building in the construction stage affects the settlement rate and the final settlement value of the building in the stage of completion and use, that is, the settlement rate of the building during the construction period is fast. The settlement rate of the completion stage is also fast, and the final settlement rate will be greater. On the other hand, if the settlement rate of the building is slow during the construction period, the settlement rate of the completion and use phase will also be slow. The final settlement will be smaller. 5) in the construction stage, the corresponding measures can be taken to reduce the late settlement of the building and its final settlement. The main measures in the construction are: construction organization and management, reasonable arrangement of construction time, reasonable arrangement of construction sequence; Treatment of soft foundation; protection of original soil structure; strengthening construction monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU433

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