本文關(guān)鍵詞：InSAR和GPS大地測量形變數(shù)據(jù)反演地震斷層滑動的影響特征研究　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： InSAR GPS 滑動分布反演 影響特征 深部滑動敏感性

【摘要】：地震是斷層運動的一種直接表征,強震具有破壞力大、致災(zāi)性廣等特點,這使得對于探索地震發(fā)震機理及防震減災(zāi)成為地球科學(xué)的重要研究目標(biāo)之一。InSAR和GPS衛(wèi)星大地測量技術(shù)正成為一種高效的地殼形變監(jiān)測手段,可為地震研究提供豐富的形變觀測數(shù)據(jù)。尤其是大地測量與地震斷層位錯理論的結(jié)合與成功應(yīng)用,使得以大地測量形變?yōu)榧s束的震源模型反演成為科學(xué)認(rèn)識地震機理的一種重要手段。然而,利用大地測量形變反演地震斷層滑動仍存在精度匹配與可靠性問題,如基于InSAR單一維的LOS方向形變數(shù)據(jù)對反演斷層滑動分布的精度,斷層近場InSAR干涉失相關(guān)現(xiàn)象對反演滑動分布的影響,基于不同維度和不同臺站分布密度的GPS形變數(shù)據(jù)反演斷層滑動分布的精度,以及以大地測量形變數(shù)據(jù)為約束反演斷層滑動分布對深部滑動的敏感性。因此,本文以典型的走滑斷層、正斷層、逆沖斷層為具體實驗對象,對上述問題開展系統(tǒng)性的實驗論證與定量分析。為驗證InSAR單一維的LOS方向形變觀測精度對反演斷層滑動分布的可靠性,本文反演了不同噪聲水平LOS維形變?yōu)榧s束的滑動分布,結(jié)果顯示,在噪聲強度達到60mm時,滑動反演殘差為可接受殘差的30%至90%,且北、東、豎直三方向形變場解釋度均大于95%,說明在常規(guī)InSAR觀測精度條件下,對于近Mw7.0級及以上強震,使用單一 LOS維形變數(shù)據(jù)可反演獲得可靠的斷層滑動分布。為分析斷層近場InSAR干涉失相關(guān)對反演斷層滑動分布的影響,本文以LOS維絕對形變量級為梯度構(gòu)建不同程度干涉失相關(guān)形變場反演滑動分布。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)大于20%的InSAR LOS方向最大絕對形變參與反演時,反演滑動殘差小于1/10絕對平均滑動量,可獲得可靠的滑動分布。為評估不同維度GPS形變數(shù)據(jù)反演斷層滑動的精度,本文開展了使用GPS三維形變、北東二維形變、以及單獨使用一維形變來反演滑動分布的五組實驗。結(jié)果表明,使用北東二維形變反演精度略高于GPS三維形變反演精度,均高于單獨使用一維形變反演精度。以GPS水平觀測精度3mm、豎直觀測精度10mm為參考,使用數(shù)量充足的任一維GPS形變數(shù)據(jù)均可反演獲得可靠的斷層滑動分布。為分析GPS臺站分布密度對反演斷層滑動分布的影響,論文反演了不同GPS格網(wǎng)密度條件下的滑動分布。結(jié)果表明,考慮拉普拉斯平滑約束前提下,當(dāng)GPS臺站均勻分布且數(shù)量不小于1/7的離散子斷層數(shù)量時,可獲得可靠的斷層滑動分布。以日本2011年地震為例,反演了此次地震不同GPS臺站分布密度條件下的斷層滑動分布,驗證了實例結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果具有較高的一致性。為分析InSAR與GPS大地測量形變數(shù)據(jù)反演斷層滑動分布對深部滑動的敏感性,本文反演了深部滑動中心沿深度方向變化的滑動分布。結(jié)果顯示,常規(guī)InSAR觀測精度(30mm隨機噪聲)形變數(shù)據(jù)對深部滑動反演的探測性相對較低,而高精度(3mm隨機噪聲)InSAR形變數(shù)據(jù)對深部滑動反演的探測性相對較高,但略低于數(shù)量充足的高精度GPS三維形變(每一維施加3mm隨機噪聲)對深部滑動反演的可探測性,表明大地測量形變數(shù)據(jù)的精度相比于維度對深部滑動探測能力的影響相對更大。
[Abstract]:The earthquake is a direct characterization of fault movement, destructive earthquake, disaster widely, which makes the exploration of the earthquake and earthquake disaster reduction mechanism has become one of the important research target.InSAR and GPS satellite geodesy technology, earth science is becoming an effective means of Monitoring Crustal deformation, deformation observation can provide rich data for seismic research. Especially combined with the successful application of geodetic and seismic fault dislocation theory, the geodetic deformation source model inversion constraint became an important means of scientific understanding of earthquake mechanism. However, the use of land seismic deformation inversion of fault slip measurement still exist, such as precision and reliability. Based on the LOS direction of InSAR single dimensional deformation data on the accuracy of inversion of fault slip distribution, fault InSAR near field interference loss phenomenon of slip distribution inversion Influence of different dimensions and different station distribution density inversion of fault slip distribution GPS deformation data based on precision, as well as geodetic deformation data for sensitivity constrained inversion of fault slip distribution on deep sliding. Therefore, this paper take typical slip faults, normal faults, thrust faults as the experimental object, to carry out experiments quantitative and systematic analysis of the above problems. LOS direction verification of InSAR single dimensional deformation observation precision on the reliability of inversion of fault slip distribution inversion, the different noise level of LOS dimensional deformation display results for distribution, sliding constraint, the noise intensity reaches 60mm, the residual slip inversion as acceptable residual 30% to 90%, and the North, East, three direction vertical deformation field explanation degree is greater than 95%, indicating the observation accuracy in conventional InSAR conditions for nearly Mw7.0 and above the earthquake, with a single LOS dimensional shape Data can be estimated by inversion of fault slip distribution reliability. Analysis of fault InSAR near field interference decorrelation effect on inversion of fault slip distribution, based on the LOS dimensional absolute variable level interference loss related deformation field inversion slip distribution gradient construction in different degree. The results show that when the InSAR LOS direction is greater than 20% in absolute maximum deformation inversion, inversion of residual sliding is less than 1/10 the average absolute slip, can obtain the slip distribution reliable. In order to evaluate the different dimensions of inversion of fault deformation data of GPS sliding precision, this paper carried out using GPS three-dimensional deformation, the North East and two-dimensional deformation, single one-dimensional deformation slip distribution inversion to the five set of experiments. The results show that the use of North East Precision two-dimensional deformation inversion is slightly higher than the retrieval precision of GPS 3D deformation, were higher than the accuracy of one-dimensional deformation inversion alone. The GPS level of the 3mm measurement accuracy, vertical visual The accuracy of 10mm for reference, the use of a sufficient number of any dimension GPS deformation data can be derived from the fault slip distribution reliability. For the analysis of GPS station distribution density on the inversion of fault slip distribution inversion, the sliding grid under the condition of different GPS density distribution. The results show that considering the Laplasse smoothing constraints when the number of discrete sub fault GPS stations evenly distributed and the number of not less than 1/7, can obtain reliable fault slip distribution. With the 2011 earthquake in Japan as an example, the inversion fault slip distribution of the earthquake in different GPS stations distribution density conditions, verify the results consistent with the simulation results is very high. For the analysis of InSAR and GPS geodetic inversion of fault slip distribution measurement of deformation data on deep sliding of the sensitivity of the inverted slip distribution center sliding deep changes along the depth direction. The results show In the conventional InSAR observation accuracy (30mm random noise) detection of deformation data of deep slip inversion is relatively low, and high precision (3mm random noise) InSAR detection of deformation data of deep slip inversion is relatively high, but slightly lower than the three-dimensional deformation of high precision GPS sufficient number (each Weishijia random 3mm the noise on the detectability) deep slip inversion, show that the geodetic deformation data accuracy compared to the dimensions of the influence of deep sliding detection ability is relatively large.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P315.7

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