近年來(lái),抗生素和抗性基因作為新興污染物,由于其潛在的生態(tài)毒理效應(yīng)及對(duì)公共健康影響,已然成為了新的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)。過(guò)去十年間,低收入和中等收入國(guó)家抗生素的消費(fèi)量逐年遞增。然而,在發(fā)展中國(guó)家,尤其是撒哈拉以南地區(qū),針對(duì)環(huán)境中抗生素及其抗性基因的污染現(xiàn)狀還未得到充分的研究。在埃塞俄比亞,抗生素的濫用和誤用,不完善的藥物管理機(jī)制以及廢物處理機(jī)制的缺乏等因素都有可能促成抗生素的耐藥性。因此,對(duì)該區(qū)域進(jìn)行更多的調(diào)查研究、幫助人們充分了解抗生素和抗性基因的分布情況顯得十分必要。本研究以埃塞俄比亞阿瓦什河流域沉積物和農(nóng)田土壤為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)固相萃�。⊿PE）方法從樣品中提取目標(biāo)抗生素,并采用高效液相串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法（LC/MS/MS）對(duì)各樣點(diǎn)中4種四環(huán)素類抗生素（TC、OTC、DC、CTC）,4種磺胺類抗生素（SN、SME、SMX、SDZ）及4種氟喹諾酮（OFL、CIP、ENR、NOR）進(jìn)行測(cè)定,并通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量技術(shù)（qPCR）對(duì)相應(yīng)的抗性基因及1種整合子基因（intI1）的相對(duì)豐度進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),此外,對(duì)抗生素、抗生素抗性基因與環(huán)境因素之間的潛在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。沉積物樣品分析結(jié)果表明,在12種抗生素中,磺胺嘧啶和... 

【文章來(lái)源】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院武漢植物園)湖北省

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：105 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 General introduction
    1.1 Pharmaceuticals in the environment
    1.2 Brief history of antibiotics
    1.3 Occurrence of antibiotics in the environment
    1.4 Environmental fate of antibiotics
    1.5 Antibiotic resistant in the environment
    1.6 Ecotoxicology of antibiotics
    1.7 Antibiotics and Antibiotic resistance in developing countries
    1.8 Objectives of the thesis
    1.9 Outline of the thesis
Chapter 2 Occurrence and distribution of selected antibiotics and theircorresponding resistance genes in sediments of Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Methods
        2.2.1 Study area and sample collection
        2.2.2 Chemical and standards
        2.2.3 Physicochemical parameters
        2.2.4 Sample extraction and Antibiotic analysis
        2.2.5 DNA extraction and ARG detection
        2.2.6 Real-Time quantitative PCR (qPCR)
        2.2.7 Data aialysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Occurrence and concentration of antibiotics
        2.3.2 Spatial distribution of antibiotics in sediments
        2.3.3 Occurrence of ARGs
        2.3.4 Quantification ofARGs
        2.3.5 Correlations among antibiotics, ARGs and environmental variables
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Tetracyclines, quinolones and sulfonamides and theircorresponding resistance genes in agricultural soils from Central Ethiopia
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials aid Methods
        3.2.1 Chemicals and standards
        3.2.2 Study area and sample collection
        3.2.3 Physicochemical parameters
        3.2.4 Antibiotic analysis
        3.2.5 DNA extraction and ARG detection
        3.2.6 Real-Time qPCR
        3.2.7 Data analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Antibiotics concentrations
        3.3.2 Spatial distribution of antibiotics in soil
        3.3.3 Occurrence of ARGs
        3.3.4 Correlations between antibiotics,ARGs and environmental variables in thesoil samples
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Profiles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant gene
        3.4.2 Relationship between environmental variables,antibiotics residues andARGs
        3.4.3 Potential ecological risk of antibiotics in the soils
    3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Summary of the research findings and future directions
References
Appendices
Acknowledgement
Student Profile and Publications



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