樂安河洪泛區(qū)重金屬在水稻作物中分布特征及評價
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-14 17:43
【摘要】：耕地受到重金屬污染后,在其基礎上生長的作物的品質會受到重金屬污染的直接影響。人體食用受到污染的作物后,將對人體健康造成較大的危害。為闡明樂安河洪泛區(qū)典型監(jiān)測單元水稻土在污染河水灌溉影響下的重金屬分布特征、評價耕地土壤和稻谷重金屬污染程度、闡述水稻對土壤重金屬元素的吸收、積累的時空變化規(guī)律以及水稻對重金屬復合脅迫的標志物響應規(guī)律。本文根據野外實際條件,選擇在不同時空條件下(水稻3個主要的生長期和樂安河洪泛區(qū)11個典型監(jiān)測單元)布設21個樣點,分別采集土壤樣品和水稻樣品,在實驗分析和運用指數評價的基礎上得出以下主要結論:采用電熱板消解法提取土壤中重金屬元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As,并通過ICP-MS檢測出各個樣品中的重金屬總量值。根據測定數據發(fā)現(xiàn),以江西土壤標準值作為背景值的前提下,以上六種重金屬含量的平均值都超出了背景標準,以國家農業(yè)用地重金屬二級標準作為背景值的前提下,As、Cu、Cd平均值超過標準,Cr、Zn、Pb的平均值未超過標準,表明As、Cu、Cd污染程度較嚴重。運用Arcgis軟件地統(tǒng)計法中的空間插值法分析了以上6種重金屬元素總量值在具體各樣點處的空間分布特征。發(fā)現(xiàn)從村落監(jiān)測單元來看所有元素高值區(qū)主要分布在m:口、蘭坑和尚濂,從分區(qū)來看,B區(qū)和D區(qū)的的6種重金屬元素濃度都比A、C兩區(qū)的濃度高,而在用水庫水灌溉的樣點CK處含量接近江西土壤背景值,表明污水灌溉對土壤重金屬污染影響顯著。通過聚類分析法得出6種元素的來源相對較單一,主要來源于用于灌溉的污染河水,所有樣點歸為四大類,與重金屬空間分布特征相呼應。在土壤重金屬總量分析的基礎上,采用單因子和綜合污染指數法、污染負荷指數法和潛在生態(tài)風險指數法對耕地土壤重金屬污染程度進行評價,發(fā)現(xiàn)整個區(qū)域的污染程度為重度污染,主要污染元素為Cd、Cu和As。通過綜合潛在生態(tài)風險指數計算出各分區(qū)的RI值,結果表明D區(qū)屬于很強度風險程度,A區(qū)和B區(qū)屬于強度風險程度,僅C區(qū)屬于輕度風險程度。在對水稻不同生長期以及不同生長部位6種重金屬含量測定的基礎上,側重對主要污染元素Cd、Cu、As在水稻主要生長期內和在不同生長部位中的時空分布規(guī)律進行分析,結果表明水稻葉片和莖中以上三種元素含量隨生長期推進呈現(xiàn)“先降低后升高”的趨勢,最高出現(xiàn)在分蘗期。從高、中、低三種濃度水平來看,重金屬含量隨濃度升高而增長,即高值中值CK。與前面分析的耕地土壤重金屬含量做相關性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)水稻生長部位中的重金屬含量大小與土壤重金屬含量大小成正相關關系。水稻各生長部位重金屬富集系數平均值,ZnCdCuCrPbAs,說明Zn、Cd兩元素較其它元素更易在水稻稻谷中富集。運用單因子污染指數法和重金屬危害總指數HI對稻谷的健康風險進行評價。各元素單因子指數法的評價結果表明,六種元素在一半以上的研究區(qū)域樣點處均超標,污染程度排序為AsPbCrCuCdZn。健康風險評價結果顯示,所有樣點的稻谷均對食用者存在較大健康風險,其中m:口、蘭坑、尚濂村落的樣點處稻谷在食用后甚至存在慢性毒性,分區(qū)的總危商系數HI的大小排序為D區(qū)B區(qū)A區(qū)C區(qū)。通過圖表分析表明,在低水平的重金屬脅迫條件下,水稻葉片葉綠素的含量因低劑量刺激效果而升高,也表明水稻葉片的光合性能增加。但超過一定閥值后,會對葉片葉綠素的含量降低。從生長期來看,水稻葉片葉綠素含量總體呈現(xiàn)“先上升后下降”的趨勢,平均值大小排序為抽穗期成熟期分蘗期。對葉綠素含量和重金屬相關關系分析表明,水稻葉片中的葉綠素含量與土壤中的六種重金屬元素含量均呈負相關關系。通過對各樣點處成熟期水稻根部和葉片中的SOD、POD、CAT、GSH和MDA五種標志物的測定,結果顯示,SOD、POD、CAT、GSH含量隨樣點處重金屬含量的升高,呈現(xiàn)“先上升后下降”的趨勢,不同酶含量變化的臨界值不同。氧化代謝產物(MDA)的變化趨勢則相反,呈現(xiàn)“先下降后上升”的趨勢。通過運用綜合生物標志物響應指數法對各標志物響應重金屬污染壓力的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),4個區(qū)的IBR值高到低排序是:D區(qū)B區(qū)A區(qū)C區(qū),其中C區(qū)屬于清潔區(qū)域;A區(qū)的重金屬污染壓力較大;D區(qū)和B區(qū)屬于四個區(qū)域中污染最重的兩個區(qū)域。綜合葉綠素和以上幾種酶含量的響應結果表明,研究區(qū)域重金屬污染對水稻產生了明顯的生理脅迫風險。
[Abstract]:When the cultivated land is polluted by heavy metals, the quality of the crops grown on the ground can be directly affected by heavy metal pollution. When the human body is eaten by the polluted crops, the human body health can be greatly affected. in ord to clarify that characteristic of heavy metal distribution of the typical monitor unit in the flood area of the Le 'an River, the soil and the heavy metal pollution degree of the paddy soil under the influence of the irrigation of the polluted river water are evaluated, and the absorption of the heavy metal elements of the soil on the soil is explained, The change of time and space and the response of rice to the heavy metal complex stress were studied. According to the actual conditions of the field,21 sample points were selected under different time and space conditions (three main growing periods of rice and 11 typical monitoring units in the flood area of the Le 'an River) to collect soil samples and rice samples, respectively. The following main conclusions are drawn on the basis of the experimental analysis and the evaluation of the application index: the heavy metal elements Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As in the soil are extracted by an electric heating plate digestion method, and the total amount of the heavy metal in each sample is detected by the ICP-MS. According to the measurement data, the average value of the above six heavy metal contents exceeds the background standard under the premise that the standard value of the soil of Jiangxi is used as the background value, and the average value of As, Cu and Cd is more than the standard, Cr and Zn in the premise of the secondary standard of the heavy metal of the national agricultural land as the background value, The average value of Pb is not more than that of the standard, indicating that As, Cu and Cd are more polluted. The spatial distribution of the total value of the above six heavy metal elements at various points is analyzed by using the space interpolation method in the Arcgis software geostatistical method. It is found that from the village monitoring unit, the high-value area of all elements is mainly distributed in m: kou, Lankeng Monk, and the concentration of 6 heavy metal elements in the B and D regions is higher than that of the A and C regions, The content of CK is close to the background of the soil in Jiangxi, which indicates that the effect of the sewage irrigation on the heavy metal pollution in the soil is significant. The results of cluster analysis show that the source of the six elements is relatively single, mainly from the polluted river water used for irrigation, and all the samples are classified into four categories, which are in concert with the distribution of heavy metal space. On the basis of the analysis of the total amount of heavy metal in the soil, the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the cultivated land was evaluated by a single factor and a comprehensive pollution index method, a pollution load index method and a potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution degree of the whole area was found to be severe pollution, and the main pollution element was Cd, Cu and As. The RI value of each partition is calculated by the comprehensive potential ecological risk index. The result shows that the D region belongs to the intensity risk level, and the A and B regions belong to the degree of intensity risk, and only the C region belongs to the mild degree of risk. The spatial and temporal distribution of the main pollution elements Cd, Cu and As in the main growth period of rice and the different growth sites was analyzed on the basis of the determination of the content of the heavy metals in different growing periods and different growth parts of the rice. The results showed that the three elements in the leaf and the stem of the rice had the tendency of presenting the "first decrease and then raise" with the growing period, and the highest appeared in the sub-stage. In that high, middle and low concentration level, the heavy metal content increase with the increase of the concentration, i. e. the median value of the high value CK. It was found that the heavy metal content in the growth part of the rice was positively related to the heavy metal content in the soil. The average value of heavy metal enrichment factor, ZnCdCuCrPbAs in each growing part of rice, indicates that the two elements of Zn and Cd are more likely to be enriched in rice paddy. The health risk of rice was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and the heavy metal hazard total index (HI). The results of the single-factor index method of each element show that the six elements are in excess of the standard and the degree of pollution is AsPbCrCuCdZn. The results of health risk assessment showed that the rice of all the spots had a great health risk to the food, among which, the rice in the spot of the village of m: the mouth, the Lankeng and the other villages had chronic toxicity even after the consumption, and the size of the total risk quotient of the partition was ranked as the C area of the area A in the area B of the D area. The results of the graph show that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of the rice leaves increased due to the low-dose stimulation in the low-level heavy metal stress condition, and the photosynthetic performance of the rice leaves was also increased. But after a certain threshold, the content of the chlorophyll in the leaves is reduced. In the growing period, the content of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the rice leaves in general shows the trend of the "first rise and fall", and the average value of the average value is sorted into the maturity stage of the mature period of the heading stage. The relationship between the content of chlorophyll and heavy metals showed that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of rice was negatively correlated with the contents of six heavy metal elements in the soil. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, GSH and MDA in the root and leaf of rice at various points were determined by five markers. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT and GSH increased with the content of heavy metal at the sample point, and the trend of the "first rise and fall" and the critical value of the change of the content of different enzymes were different. The trend of the oxidative metabolism product (MDA) is the opposite, and the trend of the "first decrease and then rise" is presented. By using the comprehensive biomarker response index method, it is found that the high-to-low ranking of the IBR value in the four zones is: Zone A, Zone A, Zone B, Zone B, where the C zone belongs to the clean area, and the heavy metal pollution pressure in Zone A is greater; The D and B areas are the two most heavily polluted areas in the four areas. The results of the response of the total chlorophyll and the above-mentioned enzyme contents show that the heavy metal pollution in the study area has a clear physiological stress risk to the rice.
【學位授予單位】：南昌工程學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X173
[Abstract]:When the cultivated land is polluted by heavy metals, the quality of the crops grown on the ground can be directly affected by heavy metal pollution. When the human body is eaten by the polluted crops, the human body health can be greatly affected. in ord to clarify that characteristic of heavy metal distribution of the typical monitor unit in the flood area of the Le 'an River, the soil and the heavy metal pollution degree of the paddy soil under the influence of the irrigation of the polluted river water are evaluated, and the absorption of the heavy metal elements of the soil on the soil is explained, The change of time and space and the response of rice to the heavy metal complex stress were studied. According to the actual conditions of the field,21 sample points were selected under different time and space conditions (three main growing periods of rice and 11 typical monitoring units in the flood area of the Le 'an River) to collect soil samples and rice samples, respectively. The following main conclusions are drawn on the basis of the experimental analysis and the evaluation of the application index: the heavy metal elements Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As in the soil are extracted by an electric heating plate digestion method, and the total amount of the heavy metal in each sample is detected by the ICP-MS. According to the measurement data, the average value of the above six heavy metal contents exceeds the background standard under the premise that the standard value of the soil of Jiangxi is used as the background value, and the average value of As, Cu and Cd is more than the standard, Cr and Zn in the premise of the secondary standard of the heavy metal of the national agricultural land as the background value, The average value of Pb is not more than that of the standard, indicating that As, Cu and Cd are more polluted. The spatial distribution of the total value of the above six heavy metal elements at various points is analyzed by using the space interpolation method in the Arcgis software geostatistical method. It is found that from the village monitoring unit, the high-value area of all elements is mainly distributed in m: kou, Lankeng Monk, and the concentration of 6 heavy metal elements in the B and D regions is higher than that of the A and C regions, The content of CK is close to the background of the soil in Jiangxi, which indicates that the effect of the sewage irrigation on the heavy metal pollution in the soil is significant. The results of cluster analysis show that the source of the six elements is relatively single, mainly from the polluted river water used for irrigation, and all the samples are classified into four categories, which are in concert with the distribution of heavy metal space. On the basis of the analysis of the total amount of heavy metal in the soil, the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the cultivated land was evaluated by a single factor and a comprehensive pollution index method, a pollution load index method and a potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution degree of the whole area was found to be severe pollution, and the main pollution element was Cd, Cu and As. The RI value of each partition is calculated by the comprehensive potential ecological risk index. The result shows that the D region belongs to the intensity risk level, and the A and B regions belong to the degree of intensity risk, and only the C region belongs to the mild degree of risk. The spatial and temporal distribution of the main pollution elements Cd, Cu and As in the main growth period of rice and the different growth sites was analyzed on the basis of the determination of the content of the heavy metals in different growing periods and different growth parts of the rice. The results showed that the three elements in the leaf and the stem of the rice had the tendency of presenting the "first decrease and then raise" with the growing period, and the highest appeared in the sub-stage. In that high, middle and low concentration level, the heavy metal content increase with the increase of the concentration, i. e. the median value of the high value CK. It was found that the heavy metal content in the growth part of the rice was positively related to the heavy metal content in the soil. The average value of heavy metal enrichment factor, ZnCdCuCrPbAs in each growing part of rice, indicates that the two elements of Zn and Cd are more likely to be enriched in rice paddy. The health risk of rice was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and the heavy metal hazard total index (HI). The results of the single-factor index method of each element show that the six elements are in excess of the standard and the degree of pollution is AsPbCrCuCdZn. The results of health risk assessment showed that the rice of all the spots had a great health risk to the food, among which, the rice in the spot of the village of m: the mouth, the Lankeng and the other villages had chronic toxicity even after the consumption, and the size of the total risk quotient of the partition was ranked as the C area of the area A in the area B of the D area. The results of the graph show that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of the rice leaves increased due to the low-dose stimulation in the low-level heavy metal stress condition, and the photosynthetic performance of the rice leaves was also increased. But after a certain threshold, the content of the chlorophyll in the leaves is reduced. In the growing period, the content of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the rice leaves in general shows the trend of the "first rise and fall", and the average value of the average value is sorted into the maturity stage of the mature period of the heading stage. The relationship between the content of chlorophyll and heavy metals showed that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of rice was negatively correlated with the contents of six heavy metal elements in the soil. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, GSH and MDA in the root and leaf of rice at various points were determined by five markers. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT and GSH increased with the content of heavy metal at the sample point, and the trend of the "first rise and fall" and the critical value of the change of the content of different enzymes were different. The trend of the oxidative metabolism product (MDA) is the opposite, and the trend of the "first decrease and then rise" is presented. By using the comprehensive biomarker response index method, it is found that the high-to-low ranking of the IBR value in the four zones is: Zone A, Zone A, Zone B, Zone B, where the C zone belongs to the clean area, and the heavy metal pollution pressure in Zone A is greater; The D and B areas are the two most heavily polluted areas in the four areas. The results of the response of the total chlorophyll and the above-mentioned enzyme contents show that the heavy metal pollution in the study area has a clear physiological stress risk to the rice.
【學位授予單位】：南昌工程學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X173
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2 韋s，
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